Interdisciplinary analyses of aggression and terrorism CONTRA-CUBIERTA ESCUDOS DE Universidad Complutense Madrid Universidad Autónoma Madrid Universidad Politécnica Madrid Universidad Carlos III Madrid (Facultad de CC .SS. y JJ.) Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Madrid Harvard University (Real Colegio Complutense) HARVARD UNIVERSITY Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid Ayuntamiento de Miraflores de la Sierra Suffolk University 2 Interdisciplinary analyses of aggression and terrorism 3 C.I.C.A. SERIES OF BOOKS (General Editor: J. Martin Ramirez) 1. Aggression: Functions and Causes (1985) J. Martin Ramirez & Paul F. Brain (eds.) 2. Cross-disciplinary Studies on Aggression (1986) Paul F. Brain & J. Martin Ramirez (eds.) 3. Essays on Violence (1987) J. Martin Ramirez, Robert A. Hinde & Jo Groebel (eds.) 4. Research on Aggression (1987) J. Martin Ramirez (ed.) 5. & 6. International Journal of Neuroscience, 1988 Vol 41 (3 & 4) J. Martin Ramirez & David Benton (eds.) 7. Terrorism: Psychological Perspectives (1989) Jo Groebel & Jeffrey Goldstein (eds.) 8. Terrorismo (1989) Francisco Gómez-Antón & Carlos Soria (eds.) 9. Aggression in Children (1989) Lea Pulkkinen & J. Martin Ramirez (eds.) 10. Comparative Psychobiology of Aggression (1990) Orlaldo Gutierrez (ed.) 11. Violence. Some Alternatives (1994) J. Martin Ramirez (ed.) 12. Neuropsiquiatría de la Conducta Agresiva (1995) J. Martin Ramirez & Hector Peñaloza (eds.) 13. Cross-cultural Approaches to Aggression and Reconciliation (2001) J. Martin Ramirez & Deborah Richardson (eds.) 14. Neuroscience and Biobehavioural Reviews (2006) J. Martin Ramirez (ed.) 15. Categorization of Aggression (in press) 4 Interdisciplinary Analyses of Aggression & Terrorism Program and Abstracts Co-editors J. Martin Ramirez Tali K. Walters Miraflores de la Sierra (Madrid, Spain) 27th-30th September 2007 5 6 CONTENT INTRODUCTION COMMITTEES SPONSORS SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM ABSTRACTS (in chronological order) LIST OF PARTICIPANTS (in alphabetical order) AUTHORS’ INDEX (in alphabetical order) NOTES 7 8 INTRODUCTION CICA (Coloquios Internationales sobre Cerebro y Agresión) has promoted and supported a multidisciplinary understanding of conflict and aggression through international, residential colloquia on the relationship between the brain and the social context of aggression. Since 1983, with the first CICA in Seville, 25 scientific meetings have being held in several countries of Europe, Asia, America and Africa. STR (Society for Terrorism Research) was launched in mid-2006 as an international, multi-disciplinary organization of theoretical and empirical researchers in the behavioral sciences. STR’s mission is to enhance knowledge and understanding of terrorism through the integration of findings from the fields of anthropology, biology, economics, political science, psychology, sociology, law and other behavioral sciences. Both organizations hold that when research on aggression and terrorism is informed by the integration of theoretical frameworks and findings from multiple disciplines, more effective policies worldwide will emerge. More specifically, the members of CICA and STR believe in their responsibility to learn, share, and influence. • Learn – Researchers from around the world will present their findings and offer directions for future study. • Share – Through structured discussion, play, and casual conversation, share your questions, answers, and ideas with colleagues. • Influence – Your research will contribute to worldwide policy as each country grapples with managing its response to terrorism and other aggressions. Almost one hundred scientists from twenty seven countries of all five continents are gathered in the beautiful town of Miraflores de la Sierra, on the slopes of the mountain range close to Madrid, to exchange their interdisciplinary analysis on aggression and terrorism: Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Northern Ireland, Poland, Scotland, Slovenia, Spain, and The Netherlands), Asia (China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Korea, and Nepal), Africa (South Africa and Zambia), North America (Canada and USA) and Oceania (Australia). We will have the opportunity to participate in four keynote speeches, five symposia and six sessions of scientific presentations. We are pleased to welcome our keynote speakers. Fernando Reinares will present the most recent information on “Jihadist Terrorism in Spain: Assessing Current Threats and Evaluating Institutional Responses.” Natividad Carpintero-Santamaría will speak on the “Characteristics of Global Terrorism.” Francesco Calogero, Former Secretary General of the Pugwash Movement, will address “The Risk of a Nuclear Catastrophe.” Finally, Abbas Al-Hussaini, Secretary General of the Iraq Higher Education Organizing Committee, will inform us about the present interaction between politics and terrorism in Iraq. 9 Our symposia will cover a range of topics. Tom Pyszczynski of the USA will lead a discussion on “Terror Management Theory and the results of his international collaboration”. along with his colleagues of Iran, France, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Brian Mullan gathered a group of Northern Irish fellows to discuss the Ulster experience on “Societal and Personal Reactions to Terrorism”. Yael Danieli of the USA will discuss the “Effects of Terrorism Attacks on Individuals, Societies, Communities, and Politics” with colleagues of Israel, Slovenia, France, and Spain. And Judges De Jorge and Garzón and Dr. Pilat , among others, will explain their views about the causes of terrorism. The Conference on Interdisciplinary Analyses of Aggression and Terrorism is specially honored to host a symposium to commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, since this 1995 Nobel Prize–winning movement has contributed significantly to the fight against terrorism. The Pugwash movement has its roots in a manifesto penned on July 9, 1955 by physicist Albert Einstein and philosopher Bertrand Russell, calling on scientists to examine the dangers of nuclear war and adopt a resolution urging governments to disarm. Fifty years ago, in July 1957, at the onset of the Cold War, 22 of the world’s greatest nuclear scientists, from East and West, gathered in a controversial and historic meeting in the village of Pugwash, Nova Scotia, Canada, to discuss peace and to address the emerging threat of nuclear war. They alerted the world about the dangers of nuclear weapons, especially about the newly developed hydrogen bomb. In the context of today’s highly active international terrorism, as Prof. Calogero and Gen. Velarde, among others, will point out here in Miraflores, nuclear materials are particularly worrisome. We want, thus, to recognize the enduring and fruitful contribution of the Pugwash Movement towards decreasing the nuclear threat and towards solving global problems. Towards that end, Dr. J. Martin Ramirez will lead a discussion of this most important movement. In the Call for Papers for this conference presentations in many relevant categories were suggested. We received a broad, robust response. Researchers will present their ideas on the Concepts and Kinds of Terrorism, on A Multi-cultural Perspective on Terrorism, on the Psychology of Terrorism, on Politics and Terrorism, and on Conflict, Aggression and Terrorism. Finally our Poster session will give the opportunity to discuss with their authors their research on various critical Issues related to aggression and terrorism. We invite all participants, presenters, and esteemed guests to take the opportunity of the CICA/STR Conference on Interdisciplinary Analyses of Aggression & Terrorism to learn from each other, share your thoughts and ideas, and, ultimately, influence the steps our governments take to reduce the incidents and threats of terrorism in the world. Learn * Share* Influence J. Martin Ramirez, MD, JD, Ph.D. and Tali K. Walters, Ph.D. Miraflores de la Sierra, 27 September 2007 10