Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6432 CommencedPublicationin1973 FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors: GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen EditorialBoard DavidHutchison LancasterUniversity,UK TakeoKanade CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA JosefKittler UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK JonM.Kleinberg CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA AlfredKobsa UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA FriedemannMattern ETHZurich,Switzerland JohnC.Mitchell StanfordUniversity,CA,USA MoniNaor WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel OscarNierstrasz UniversityofBern,Switzerland C.PanduRangan IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India BernhardSteffen TUDortmundUniversity,Germany MadhuSudan MicrosoftResearch,Cambridge,MA,USA DemetriTerzopoulos UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA DougTygar UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA GerhardWeikum MaxPlanckInstituteforInformatics,Saarbruecken,Germany Ruth Aylett MeiYii Lim Sandy Louchart Paolo Petta Mark Riedl (Eds.) Interactive Storytelling Third Joint Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, ICIDS 2010 Edinburgh, UK, November 1-3, 2010 Proceedings 1 3 VolumeEditors RuthAylett Heriot-WattUniversity Edinburgh,EH144AS,UK E-mail:[email protected] MeiYiiLim Heriot-WattUniversity Edinburgh,EH144AS,UK E-mail:[email protected] SandyLouchart Heriot-WattUniversity Edinburgh,EH144AS,UK E-mail:[email protected] PaoloPetta AustrianResearchInstituteforArtificialIntelligence 1010Vienna,Austria E-mail:[email protected] MarkRiedl GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology Atlanta,GA30308,USA E-mail:[email protected] LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010936986 CRSubjectClassification(1998):J.5,H.3,I.2.1,H.4-5,K.8.0,K.3,I.7.2 LNCSSublibrary:SL3–InformationSystemsandApplication,incl.Internet/Web andHCI ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN-10 3-642-16637-7SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork ISBN-13 978-3-642-16637-2SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliable toprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. springer.com ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2010 PrintedinGermany Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper 06/3180 Preface Novel pervasive, mobile, and interactive graphical technologies underlie a new mode of storytelling—interactive digital storytelling (IDS)—whether in inter- active entertainment, computer games, education, therapy or other interactive digitalapplications.Thisraisesthepossibilityofredefiningtheexperienceofnar- rative through interactive simulations of computer-generated story worlds. The wide range of papers at ICIDS 2010, held in Edinburgh November 1–3, 2010, was testament to both the number and variety of researchers now investigating this field. Somepapersaddressedkeytheoreticalproblemsinthefield:howtoreconcile interactivity and narrative structure; how to make complex digital systems ac- cessibletothecreativeauthor;whatprocessesandmetricsareneededtoevaluate the outputs of IDS systems. Others addressed IDS in specific domains: in edu- cation; enhancement of automated sports commentary; therapeutic approaches to trauma;location-awarepresentationof culture and history;computer games. IDS systems now employ not only conventionaldesktopsystems,but also large- scale immersive display systems, and mobile devices; as well as modalities such asfilmandvideo,whichremainimportantsourcesofknowledgeandexperience. Inatrulyinter-disciplinaryfield,ICIDS2010servedasaforumforthediscussion of ideas, experiences and achievements of researchers with very different ideas and assumptions. TheICIDS2010acceptancerateswere24%forlongpapersand46%forboth long and short. This reflects the high standards applied by the members of the Program Committee. Posters and demos rounded out the conference to create anatmosphere ofinteractivity.In addition, sevenpre-conference workshopsand tutorials allowed more intensive discussion of specific themes. Threekeynotespeakerssupportedthe inter-disciplinaryrangeofICIDS2010 and the field’s natural ties between academic research, the arts and industry. Michael Mateas, from the University of California in Santa Cruz, is author of the ground-breaking interactive story Fac¸ade. He addressed how to open up authoring to storytellers who do not want to have to master the detail of a complex computer-based system. Alex Whittaker, a long-standing computer game-developer, now at WeRInteractive, discussed how far interactive story- tellingideasandtechnologieshavepenetratedcommercialdigitalentertainment. Finally, Carl Heath, Creative Director of the Swedish organization GR Experi- ential Learning, presented key elements in the design of the rich and complex social worlds that can be found within live action role plays (LARPs) in the Nordic countries. WewouldliketoacknowledgeandthanktheUKAIandGamesResearchNet- work and the Scottish Informatics and Computer Science Alliance (SICSA) for theirfinancialsupportandsponsorshipoftheevent.Wewouldalsoliketothank VI Preface colleagues at Edinburgh College of Art, Edinburgh University Informatics, and in particular Inspace for their unique contribution through the pre-conference event showcasing artistic contributions Inspace Nobody Can Hear You Scream, presented on October 31. ICIDS2010wasanotherlandmarkinadynamicandexpandingresearcharea. We all look forward to ICIDS 2011. November 2010 Ruth Aylett Mark Riedl Paolo Petta Organization Executive Committee Conference Chairs Ruth Aylett (Heriot-Watt University, UK) Paolo Petta (Austrian Research Institute for AI, Austria) Mark Riedl (Georgia Institute of Technology, USA) OrganizationCommittee Chair SandyLouchart(Heriot-WattUniversity,UK) Workshops and Tutorials Chair Mei Yii Lim (Heriot-Watt University, UK) Sponsors Chair Lynne Hall (University of Sunderland, UK) Program Committee Elisabeth Andr´e Institut fu¨r Informatik Universita¨t Augsburg, Germany Maria Arinbjarnar University of York, UK Byung-Chull Bae Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, South Korea Simon Biggs Edinburgh College of Art, UK Ana Boa-Ventura University of Texas, Austin, USA Brunhild Bushoff Sagasnet, Munich, Germany Marc Cavazza University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, UK Ronan Champagnat Universit´e de La Rochelle, France Yun-Gyung Cheong Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, South Korea Nuno Correia New University of Lisbon, Portugal Chris Crawford Storytron.com, USA St´ephane Donikian IRISA/INRIA, Rennes, France Clive Fencott University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, UK Stefan Go¨bel Technische Universita¨t Darmstadt, Germany Paul Grimm FH Erfurt, Germany Michael Hitchens Macquarie University, Australia Ido Iurgel CCGCentrodeComputaa˜oGra´fica,Portugal Klaus P. Jantke Fraunhofer IDMT, Ilmenau, Germany Michael Kriegel Heriot-Watt University, UK Daniel Kudenko University of York, UK Craig Lindley Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden Brian Magerko Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Stacy Marsella University of Southern California, USA VIII Organization Wolfgang Mu¨ller University of Education, Weingarten, Germany Frank Nack University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Arturo Nakasone National Institute of Informatics, Japan Michael Nitsche Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Ana Paiva INESCD-ID, Portugal Zhigeng Pan Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Catherine Pelachaud CNRS Telecom ParisTech, France Rui Prada Instituto Superior Tcnico and INESC-ID, Lisboa, Portugal Stefan Rank Austrian Research Institute for AI, Austria Jean-Hugues Rety University Paris 8, France David Roberts Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Maria Roussou makebelieve design & consulting, Greece Marie-Laure Ryan Independent scholar, USA Oliver Schneider Hochschule Darmstadt, Germany Magy Seif El-Nasr Simon Fraser University, Surrey, Canada Paul Sermon University of Salford, UK Mei Si USCInstitute forCreativeTechnologies,USA Ulrike Spierling RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, Wiesbaden, Germany Wen-Poh Su Griffith University, Australia Kaoru Sumi Hitotsubashi University, Japan Reid Swanson University of Southern California, USA Nicolas Szilas University of Geneva, Switzerland David Thue University of Alberta, Canada Anders Tychsen Dragon Consulting, Denmark Richard Wages Cologne University of Applied Sciences, Germany Richard Walsh University of York, UK Mark Wright University of Edinburgh, UK Giorgios Yannakakis IT Universtiy of Copenhagen, Denmark Michael Young North Carolina State University, USA Nelson Zagalo University of Minho, Portugal Sponsors The Scottish Informatics & Computer Science Alliance EPSRC—Artificial Intelligence and Games Research Network (http://aigamesnetwork.org) Table of Contents Keynotes The Authoring Challenge in Interactive Storytelling .................. 1 Michael Mateas From a Winter’s Night to a Dragon Age ............................ 2 Alex Whittaker Designing Social Worlds – On Intrigue and Interaction in Live Action Role Playing Games (LARPS)..................................... 3 Carl Heath Characters and Decision Making MIST: An Interactive Storytelling System with Variable Character Behavior........................................................ 4 Richard Paul, Darryl Charles, Michael McNeill, and David McSherry Importance of Well-Motivated Characters in Interactive Narratives: An Empirical Evaluation.......................................... 16 Mei Si, Stacy Marsella, and David Pynadath “I Want to Slay That Dragon!” – Influencing Choice in Interactive Storytelling ..................................................... 26 Rui Figueiredo and Ana Paiva Story Evaluation and Analysis Measuring User Responses to Interactive Stories: Towards a Standardized Assessment Tool ..................................... 38 Ivar E. Vermeulen, Christian Roth, Peter Vorderer, and Christoph Klimmt One Tool-Many Paradigm: Creativity and Regularity in Youngsters’ Hyperstories..................................................... 44 Franca Garzotto, Eliana Herrero, and Fernando Salgueiro Exploring Narrative Interpretation and Adaptation for Interactive Story Creation................................................... 50 Ulrike Spierling and Steve Hoffmann Narrative Annotation and Editing of Video.......................... 62 Vincenzo Lombardo and Rossana Damiano X Table of Contents Story Generation A Story to Go, Please............................................. 74 Frank Nack, Abdallah El Ali, Philo van Kemenade, Jan Overgoor, and Bastiaan van der Weij Threading Facts into a Collective Narrative World ................... 86 Silvia Likavec, Ilaria Lombardi, Alberto Nantiat, Claudia Picardi, and Daniele Theseider Dupr´e Learning Story Marketing through Practical Experience of Story Creation System ................................................. 98 Kaoru Sumi Enhancing Real-Time Sports Commentary Generation with Dramatic Narrative Devices ................................................ 111 Martin Rhodes, Simon Coupland, and Tracy Cruickshank Zuzie: Collaborative Storytelling Based on Multiple Compositions...... 117 Yoshiyuki Nakamura, Maiko Kobayakawa, Chisato Takami, Yuta Tsuruga, Hidekazu Kubota, Masahiro Hamasaki, Takuichi Nishimura, and Takeshi Sunaga An Interactive Documentary Manifesto ............................. 123 Andre Almeida and Heitor Alvelos Arts and Humanities Rhetorics of the Interactive 3D Installation “Virtuelle Mauer/ReConstructing the Wall” .................................. 129 Tamiko Thiel and Teresa Reuter From Physical to Non-Material Art – Design Choices of the Digital Artist .......................................................... 141 Teemu Korpilahti The iLand of Madeira Location Aware Multimedia Stories ............ 147 Mara Dionisio, Valentina Nisi, and Jos P. van Leeuwen Narrative Theories and Modelling Modeling of Interactive Storytelling and Validation of Scenario by Means of Linear Logic ............................................ 153 Kim Dung Dang, Ronan Champagnat, and Michel Augeraud An Analysis of Narrative Moves in Improvisational Theatre ........... 165 Allan Baumer and Brian Magerko