Intensive Care Medicine Official Journal of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Managing Editor Advisory Board F. Lemaire, Créteil, France N. Aikawa, Tokyo, Japan F. Beaufils, Paris, France D. Bihari, London, UK Associate Editor T. Calandra, Lausanne, Switzerland C. Brun-Buisson, Créteil, France J. Chastre, Paris, France B. Chernow, Boston, USA G. lapichino, Milano, Italy Editors W. A. Knaus, Washington, DC, USA K.J .F alke, Berlin, FRG D. Morel, Geneva, Switzerland G. Hedenstierna, Uppsala, Sweden W. M. Zapol, Boston, USA R. Naeije, Brussels, Belgium A. Pesenti, Monza, Italy J. Pfenninger, Bern, Switzerland Assistant Editor H.-J. Priebe, Freiburg, FRG A. Webb, London, UK J. Qvist, Herlev, Denmark J.L. Robotham, Baltimore, USA G. Simbruner, Vienna, Austria Volume 17, 1991 P. Suter, Geneva, Switzerland M. J. Tobin, Hines, USA A. Torres, Barcelona, Spain S. M. Willatts, Bristol, UK Springer International Founded in 1975 as European Journal of Intensive Care M. Rapin, Paris (Editorial Secretary Vol.3, 1977; Editor Medicine by H. Lutz, J. Kachaner, K. Peter, J. Tinker, and Vols. 4-10, 1978-1984). F. Lemaire, Créteil (Editor Vols. G. Wolff. 11-14, 1985-1988; Managing Editor as of Vol. 15, 1989). P.M. Suter, Geneve (Editor as of Vol.11, 1985). W.M. H. Lutz, Mannheim (Managing Editor Vols.1-3, 1975- Zapol, Boston (Editor as of Vol. 11, 1985). K. L. Brigham, 1977: Editor Vols.4-11, 1978-1985). J. Kachaner, Paris Nashville (Editor as of Vol. 12, 1986). K.J. Falke, Berlin (Editorial Secretary Vols.1 and 2, 1975 and 1976). (Editor as of Vol.12, 1986). G.Hedenstierna, Uppsala K. Peter, Miinchen (Editorial Secretary Vols. 1-3, 1975- (Editor as of Vol. 14, 1988). 1977: Editor Vols.4-11, 1978-1985). J. Tinker, London (Editorial Secretary Vols.1-3, 1975-1977; Editor Vols. The title of the Journal was changed to Intensive Care 4-8, 1978-1982; Managing Editor Vols. 9-14, 1983-1988; Medicine as of Vol.3 (1977). As of Vol. 11 (1985) it is the Editor as of Vol. 15, 1989). G. Wolff, Basel (Editorial Secre- official journal of the European Society of Intensive Care tary Vols. 1-3, 1975-1977; Editor Vols. 4-13, 1978-1987). Medicine. Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work de- neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can ac- scribed nas not been published before (except in the cept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, re- that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, ex- view or thesis); that it is not under consideration for pub- press or implied, with respect to the material contained lication elsewhere; that its publication has been ap- herein. proved by all coauthors, if any, 73 well as by the responsi- Special regulations for photocopies in the USA. 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Springer-Ver- to be true and accurate at the date of its going to press, lag GmbH & Co. KG, 1000 Berlin 33, FRG Number 1 Originals J.M. Hackl, M. Gottardis, Ch. Wieser, E. Rump, Acute dialysis: PMN-elastase as a new param- W. Seeger, F. Grimminger, M. Barden, G. Becker, Ch. Stadler, S. Schwarz, R. Monkayo eter for controlling individual anticoagulation J. Lonmeyer, D. Heinrich, H.-G. Lasch Endocrine abnormalities in severe traumatic with low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin®) Omega-oxidized leukotriene B, detected in brain injury - a cue to prognosis in severe cra- 52 broncho-alveolar lavage fluid of patients with niocerebral trauma? 25 non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, but not in Case reports those with cardiogenic edema 1 M. C. Douard, G. Arlet, G. Leverger, R. Paulien, G. lapichino, V. Gavazzeni, D. Mascheroni, C. Waintrop, E. Clementi, B. Eurin, G. Schaison G. Bordone, M. Solca Ph. Mahul, D. Perrot, G. Tempelhoff, Ph. Gaus- Quantitative blood cultures for diagnosis and Combined use of mask CPAP and minitracheo- sorgues, R. Jospe, J.C. Ducreux, A. Dumont, management of catheter-related sepsis in pe- tomy as an alternative to endotracheal intuba- J. Motin, C. Auboyer, D. Robert diatric hematology and oncology patients 30 tion. Preliminary observation 57 Short- and long-term prognosis, functional out- come following ICU for elderly 7 S. J. Mackenzie, F. Kapadia, G. R. Nimmo, Th. F. Schorn, Ch. Olbricht, A. Schiller, A. Franz, 1. R. Armstrong, |. S. Grant K. Wittek, H.-J. Balks, E.H ausmann, H.-H. Well- Y. Sivan, P. H. Schwartz, T. Schonfeld, |. J. Co- Adrenaline in treatment of septic shock: effects hoener hen, C. J.L. Newth on haemodynamics and oxygen transport 36 Barium carbonate intoxication 60 Outcome of oncology patients in the pediatric intensive care unit 11 A.C. Ogilvie, A.B. J.G roeneveld, J. P. Straub, Techniques L. G. Thijs D. Higgins, E. T. S. Forrest, A. Lloyd-Thomas S. Arlot, X. Debussche, J.-D. Lalau, A. Mesmac- Plasma lipid peroxides and antioxidants in hu- Colorimetric end-tidal carbon dioxide moni- que, M. Tolani, J. Quichaud, A. Fournier man septic shock 40 toring during transfer of intubated children 63 Myxoedema coma: response of thyroid hor- mones with oral and intravenous high-dose H. Blomavist, B. Berg, C. Frostell, C.-J. Wickerts, Correspondence 65 L-thyroxine treatment 16 G. Hedenstierna Announcements 66 Thoracic lymph drainage in the dog: evaluation J.-H. Schaefer, F. Jochimsen, F. Keller, K. Weg- of anew model 45 Meeting report schneider, A. Distler G. Gutierrez Outcome prediction of acute renal failure in H. Swars, G. Hafner, L.S. Weilemann, W. Ehren- Summary of the round table conference on tis- medical intensive care 19 thal, H. Schinzel, W. Preliwitz, J. Meyer sue oxygen utilization 67 Number 2 Editorials Continuous multivariable monitoring in neurolo- Case reports W. M. Zapol gical intensive care patients - preliminary re- Ch. W. Johnson, D.L. Miller, F. P. Ognibene Nordic ECMO saga or whither ECMO? 69 ports on four cases 87 Acute pulmonary emboli associated with guide- wire change of a central venous catheter 115 U. Haglund G. Grimm, Ch. Madi, W. Oder, W. Drum, Assessing tissue perfusion 71 B. Schneeweiss, A. N. Laggner, H. D. Géssinger, B. Misset, D. Glotz, B. Escudier, D. Nochy, K. Geissler, K. Lenz J. Bosq, E. Gilles, B. Leclercq, G. Nitenberg Originals Evoked potentials in severe herpes simplex en- Wegener's granulomatosis presenting as dif- T. Wetterberg, S. Steen cephalitis 94 fuse pulmonary hemorrhage 118 Total extracorporeal lung assist - a new clinical R.J .B osman, Ch. P. Stoutenbeek, D. F. Zand- approach 73 C. T. Bolliger, A. P. Perruchoud stra Transient unilateral hyperiucent lung due to T. Gys, G. Van Esbroeck, A. Hubens Non-invasive pulmonary blood flow measure- mucus plugs 121 Assessment of the perfusion in peripheral tis- ment by means of CO, analysis of expiratory sue beds by subcutaneous oximetry and gastric gases 98 K. R. Clark, M.J .H iggs isunrtgrearmyu cos7a8l pH-metry in elective colorectal TH.e pNaatkiatca nmii,t oYc.h oInsdhriikaawla , reKd.o xK obsatyaates hii,n hyK.p oOtzeanw- a tBiroena st 12a3b scess following venous catheteriza- J.M. Vedrinne, J. P.H oen, D. Bussery, C. Veys- sive brain-dead patients and an effect of sere, M. Richard, J. Motin dopamine administration 103 Correspondence 125 Plasma fibronectin and complement following infusion of colloidal solutions after spinal anaes- M. Sydow, H. Burchardi, J. Zinserling, H. Ische, thesia 83 Th. A. Crozier, W. Weyland Forum Improved determination of static compliance by D. Reis Miranda M.J . Hilz, G. Litscher, M. Weis, D. Claus, automated single volume steps in ventilated pa- Management of resources in intensive care K. F. Druschky, G. Pfurtscheller, B. Neundorfer tients 108 127 Number 3 Review article port of V,/Q distributions during postoperative W. Oder, G. Goldenberg, |. Podreka, L. Deecke J. Jardin, J.-P. Bourdarias weaning 136 HM-PAO-SPECT in persistent vegetative state Influence of abnormal breathing conditions on after head injury: prognostic indicator of the right ventricular function 129 likelihood of recovery? 149 J. F. Baron, D. De Kegel, A.C. Prost, O. Mundler, J. J. Stambouly, M. M. Pollack, U. E. Ruttimann M. Arthaud, G. Basset, G. Maistre, F. Masson, An objective method to evaluate rationing of Originals A. Carayon, C. Landault, E. Barré, P. Viars pediatric intensive care beds 154 B. Santak, P. Radermacher, W. Sandmann, Low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch 6% K. J. Falke compared to albumin 4% during intentional J. R. Marks, R.S. Simons, R. A. Blizzard, Influence of SIMV plus inspiratory pressure sup- hemodilution 141 D.R. G. Browne IV Predicting outcome in intensive therapy units - ent ventilatory modes in a piglet model with nor- Case report a comparison of Apache II with subjective as- mal lungs 169 D. Gotz, S. Pohle, D. Barckow sessments 159 Primary and secondary detoxification in severe J.P. Beregi, B. Riou, Y. Lecarpentier flecainide intoxication 181 Effects of hydroxocobalamin on rat cardiac X. Viviand, J. Gouvernet, C. Granthil, G. Francois Simplification of the SAPS by selecting indepen- papillary muscle 175 Correspondence 185 dent variables 164 A. Thomas, A. Vohra, B. Pollard The effect of haematocrit on transthoracic elec- European Society of Intensive Care Medicine J.B. Nielsen, U. H. Sjéstrand, S. W. Henneberg trical impedance and on the calculation of car- Expert Panel: The use of the pulmonary artery An experimental randomized study of six differ- diac output by an impedance cardiograph 178 catheter Number 4 Editorials M. E. Berner, J.-C. Rouge, P. M. Suter Case reports D. F. Hanley Combined high-frequency ventilation in children L. Perbellini, D. Olivato, A. Zedde, R. Miglioranzi Advancing beyond pressure in ICU monitoring with severe adult respiratory distress syn- Acute trichloroethylene poisoning by ingestion: of the acute injured brain 191 drome 209 clinical and pharmacokinetic aspects 234 S. Bursztein J.M. Achard, P. F. Westeel, Ph. Moriniere, Oxygen cost of breathing during weaning 193 H. Gastinne, M. Wolff, G. Lachatre, R. Boiteau, J.D. Lalau, B. de Cagny, A. Fournier F.-P. Savy Pancreatitis related to severe acute hypertrigly- MO.r igG.i naGlose tting, G. Preston dAnutriibnigo tisce lelcetvievles diin gebsrtoinvceh iadle cotrnetea mainnda tiino ns eru2m1 5 clieproipdreomtieai n daurpihnegr espirse gna2n3c6y : treatment with Jiuntgrualcarra nibaull b prceastshuertee riza1t9i5o n does not increase C.H. Schenck, M. W.M ahowaild D. Ernest, M. McD. Fisher Injurious sleep behavior disorders (parasom- Heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia complicat- T. E. Oh, S. Bhatt, E. S. Lin, R. C.H utchinson nias) affecting patients on intensive care units ed by bilateral adrenal haemorrhage 238 J.M. Low 219 Correspondence 241 Plasma catecholamines and oxygen consump- tion during weaning from mechanical ventila- tion 199 J.B. Nielsen, U.H. Sjéstrand, E. L. Edgren, M. Lichtwarck-Aschoff, B. A. Svensson Conference summary A.A. Gilbertson, J. M. Smith, S. M. Mostafa An experimental study of different ventilatory J.-L. Vincent The cost of an intensive care unit: a prospective modes in piglets in severe respiratory distress Dopaminergic agents in vital organ perfusion study 204 induced by surfactant depletion 225 246 Number 5 Editorials and central venous catheters and their effect on Acute carbon monoxide intoxication and hyper- R. Rodriguez-Roisin, J. Roca, A. Torres outcome 264 baric oxygen in pregnancy 289 Interplay of intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary factors on pulmonary gas exchange during W. Hasibeder, M. Haisjacki, H. Sparr, S. Klaunzer, B. Stein, E. Pfenninger, A. Griinert, J. E. Schmitz, weaning 249 Ch. Hérman, N. Salak, R. Germann, W. J. Stro- A. Deller, F. Kocher negger, J. M. Hackl The consequences of continuous haemofiltra- J. E. Heffner Factors influencing transcutaneous oxygen and tion on lung mechanics and extravascular lung Percutaneous tracheotomy - novel technique carbon dioxide measurements in adult intensive water in a porcine endotoxic shock model 293 or technica! novelty 252 care patients 272 Case reports M.S. Kristensen, E. Sioth, T. K. Jensen Z. D. Hajduczok, D. W. Ferguson Review article Procedure-related rate of contact of intensive Percutaneous balloon pericardiostomy for non- M. Leeman care unit personnel with patient body fluids The pulmonary circulation in acute lung injury 276 surgical management of recurrent pericardial a review of some recent advances 254 tamponade: a case report 299 C. Duhamel, B. Parent, C. Peillon, C. Guédon, J.S. Turner, A. R. Fyfe, D. K. Kaplan, A.J .W ard- P. Ducrotté, E. Lerebours, R. Colin Originals Endoscopic injection of adrenaline for severe Olaews ophageal obstruction during nasogastric W. M. Griggs, J. A. Myburgh, L. |. G. Worthiey peptic ulcer haemorrhage in high surgical risk feeding 302 A prospective comparison of a percutaneous patients 281 tracheostomy technique with standard surgical J.D. Tobias, P.M. Bozeman tracheostomy 261 R. G. Hulsebos, F. W. Beltman, D. dos Reis Mi- Vincristine-induced recurrent laryngeal nerve randa, J. F. A. Spangenberg paralysis in children 304 E. Saarela, A. Kari, P. Nikki, V. Rauhala, E. lisalo, Measuring quality of life with the sickness im- L. Kaukinen, the Finnish Intensive Care Study pact profile: a pilot study 285 Correspondence 306 Group Current practice regarding invasive monitoring D. Elkharrat, J.C. Raphael, J. M. Korach, Announcements 307 in intensive care units in Finland. A nationwide M. C. Jars-Guincestre, C. Chastang, C. Harboun, study of the uses of arterial, pulmonary artery P. Gajdos Newsletter XVIi 308 Number 6 Editorials R. Schlichtig Five years experience with continuous extra- S. Fanconi, E. P.L eumann In search of the dysoxic threshold 313 corporeal renal support in paediatric intensive Acute renal failure in paediatric patients care 315 the role of continuous haemofiltration Originals M. Ariza, J.W.W. Gothard, P. Macnaughton, 311 G. Zobel, E. Ring, M. Kuttnig, H. M. Grubbauer J. Hooper, C. J. Morgan, T. W. Evans Blood lactate and mixed venous-arterial PCO, medicine as a predictor of nosocomial infection J. A. Myburgh, R. K. Webb, L. |. G. Worthiey gradient as indices of poor peripheral perfusion risk 336 The P50 is reduced in critically ill patients 355 following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery 320 A.D. Crew, K. D.C. Stoodley, R. Lu, S. Old, Italian Multicenter Group of ICU Research M. Ward M. G. Palazzo, P. M. Suter (GIRTI) Preliminary clinical trials of a computer-based Time oriented score system (TOSS): a method Delivery dependent oxygen consumption in pa- cardiac arrest alarm 359 tients with septic shock: daily variations, rela- for direct and quantitative assessment of tionship with outcome and the sick-euthyroid nursing workload for ICU patients 340 H. Tulla, J. Takala, E. Alhava, H. Huttunen, A. Kari syndrome 325 H. Manninen S. J. MacKenzie, G. R. Nimmo, |. R. Armstrong, Respiratory changes after open-heart surgery J. Pedersen, B. A. Schurizek, N. C. Melsen, |.S. Grant 365 B. Juhl The haemodynamic effects of intermittent Is minitracheotomy a simple and safe proce- haemofiltration in critically ill patients 346 dure? A prospective investigation in the inten- Case report sive care unit 333 J. Casado-Flores, A. Valdivielso-Serna, L. Perez- B. Guslits Jurado, J. Pozo-Roman, M. Monledn-Luque, Upper airway obstruction due to erysipelas 370 A. Bueno-Cavanillas, R. Rodriguez-Contreras, J. Garcia-Pérez, A. Ruiz-Beltran, M. A. Garcia- A. L6pez-Luque, M. Delgado-Rodriguez, R. Gal- Teresa Correspondence 372 ves-Vargas Subclavian vein catheterization in critically ill Usefulness of severity indices in intensive care children: analysis of 322 cannulations 350 Book reviews 374 Number 7 Editorial cerebral perfusion pressures in post-cardiac ar- alveolar lavage in two cases of pulmonary alveo- A.S. Slutsky rest anoxic coma 392 lar proteinosis 421 High frequency ventilation 375 R. Bellomo, H. Martin, G. Parkin, J. Love, Y. Kear- J. M. Eddleston, M. P. Shelly ley, N. Boyce The effect of serum lipid concentrations of a Originals Continuous arteriovenous haemodiafiltration in prolonged infusion of propofol - hypertriglyceri- J. Meyer, Th. Hachenberg, G. Lippert, Th. Mdil- the critically ill: influence on major nutrient bal- daemia associated with propofol administra- hoff, M. Wendt ances 399 tion 424 High frequency jet ventilation in experimental pulmonary emphysema 377 E. Forsberg, M. Soop, A. Thérne A. Borgeat, C. Dessibourg, M. Rochani, Energy expenditure and outcome in patients P. M. Suter with multiple organ failure following abdominal A.N. Thomas, J. Ryan, B.R.H. Doran, B. J. Pol- surgery 403 Sedation by propofol in tetanus - is it a muscu- lard lar relaxant? 427 Bioimpedance versus thermodilution cardiac K. Seo, S. Ishimaru, K.-A. Hossmann output measurement: the Bomed NCCOM3 Two-stage resuscitation of the cat brain after Ph. Hantson, J. L. Ronveau, B. De Coninck, after coronary bypass surgery 383 prolonged cardiac arrest 410 J.L. Horn, P. Mahieu, A. Hassoun Amrinone for refractory cardiogenic shock follow- C. Charasse, C. Camus, P. Darnault, F. Guillé, M. Takino, Y. Okada ing chloroquine poisoning 430 Y. le Tulzo, F. Zimbacca, R. Thomas Hyperthermia following cardiopulmonary resus- Acute nondilated anuric obstructive nephro- citation 419 N. Heye, C. Zimmer, K. Terstegge, C. Sirtl, J.C er- pathy on echography: difficult diagnosis in the vos-Navarro intensive care unit 387 Oxalate-induced encephalitis after infusions of Case reports sugar surrogates 432 P.-Y. Gueugniaud, F. Garcia-Darennes, M. A. G. Aguinaga, P. Santos, E. Renes, P. F.A l- Ph. Gaussorgues, G. Bancalari, P. Petit, D.R o- varo, J. A. Lorente, A. Maudes, R. R. Diaz, Correspondence 435 bert L. Landin, D. Liste Prognostic significance of early intracranial and Hemodynamic changes during whole broncho- Announcements 438 Number 8 Review article and with inspiratory pressure support in acute A. Belaguid, A. Ben Jebria, A. M. Cros, C. Bou- A. Torres, J. Gonzalez, M. Ferrer respiratory failure when mean airway pressure is dey, H. Guenard Evaluation of the available invasive and non-in- constant 461 High frequency jet ventilation and upper tra- vasive techniques for diagnosing nosocomial cheal stenosis: a model study 479 pneumonias in mechanically ventilated patients P. Toft, L. Heslet, M. Hansen, N. A. Klitgaard 439 Theophylline and ethylenediamine pharmaco- J. Ibanez, J. Velasco, J. M. Raurich kinetics following administration of aminophyl- The accuracy of the Biox 3700 pulse oximeter in line to septic patients with multiorgan failure patients receiving vasoactive therapy 484 Originals F. Salord, B. Allaouchiche, P. Gaussorgues, A.R. Webb, R. F. Moss, D.T ighe, N. Al-Saady, A. Boibieux, M. Sirodot, M. Gerard-Boncompain, K. L. Dorrington, F. M. Ratcliffe E. D. Bennett F. Biron, D. Peyramond, D. Robert Effect of a single inflation of the lungs on oxy- The effects of dobutamine, dopexamine and Severe falciparum malaria (21 cases) 449 genation during total extracorporeal carbon fluid on hepatic histological responses to por- dioxide removal in experimental respiratory dis- cine faecal peritonitis 487 A.S. Salim tress syndrome 469 Protection against stress-induced acute gastric mucosal injury by free radical scavengers 455 E. P. Eijking, G.-J. van Daal, R. Tenbrinck, A. Lui- Case reports jendijk, J. F. Sluiters, E. Hannappel, B. Lachmann R. Robert, F. Malin, M. Bauwens, A. Amiel, H. Langenstein Effect of surfactant replacement on Pneumo- D. Patte Continuous positive pressure breathing without cystis carinii pneumonia in rats 475 Severe non-hypoxic bradycardia during discon- VI nection from the ventilator during the recovery Thrombolytic therapy soon after left heart Announcements 483 phase of ARDS 494 catheterization - is it safe? 501 List of referees 510 P.-A. L6nnavist, G. L. Olsson Persistent left superior vena cava - an unusual G. R. Craig, M.S. Nieisen Author index 511 location of central venous catheters in children Rigid cervical collars and intracranial pressure 497 Subject index 513 J.C. Garcia-Rubira, V. Lopez, J. Rojas, J. T. Gar- cia-Martinez, J. M. Cruz Correspondence 506 Contents of Volume 17 Supplement 1 Recent advances in ICU therapy Edited by P. M. Suter, Geneva R. Amrein, W. Hetzel H. R. Vinik, |. Kissin K. Gyr, R. Meier Pharmacology of drugs frequently used in Sedation in the ICU S20 Flumazenil in the treatment of portal systemic ICU's: midazolam and flumazenil S1 encephalopathy - an overview S39 P. F. Mannaioni R. Ritz Pattern of acute intoxication in Florence: a com- Benzodiazepine sedation in adult ICU patients parative investigation S24 $11 D. A. Rosen, K.R. Rosen A. Weinbroum, P. Halpern, E. Geller Midazolam for sedation in the paediatric inten- The use of flumazenil in the management of sive care unit $15 acute drug poisoning - a review S32