Vivekanandan Kumar Christos Troussas (Eds.) 9 4 Intelligent 1 2 1 S Tutoring Systems C N L 16th International Conference, ITS 2020 Athens, Greece, June 8–12, 2020 Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science 12149 Founding Editors Gerhard Goos Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany Juris Hartmanis Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Editorial Board Members Elisa Bertino Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Wen Gao Peking University, Beijing, China Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany Gerhard Woeginger RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany Moti Yung Columbia University, New York, NY, USA More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7408 Vivekanandan Kumar Christos Troussas (Eds.) (cid:129) Intelligent Tutoring Systems 16th International Conference, ITS 2020 – Athens, Greece, June 8 12, 2020 Proceedings 123 Editors VivekanandanKumar Christos Troussas Athabasca University University of West Attica Athabasca, AB,Canada Egaleo,Greece ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic) Lecture Notesin Computer Science ISBN 978-3-030-49662-3 ISBN978-3-030-49663-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49663-0 LNCSSublibrary:SL2–ProgrammingandSoftwareEngineering ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2020 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynow knownorhereafterdeveloped. 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ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface The 16th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS 2020) was heldinAthens,Greece,duringJune8–12,2020.ITS2020tookplaceonthescheduled dates as an online conference. The hosting institution of theITS 2020 conference was the University of West Attica, Greece. The theme of ITS 2020 was “Artificial Intelligence and Beyond: From Alpha to Omega”withanobjectivetopresentacademicandresearchachievementsofcomputer and cognitive sciences, artificial intelligence (AI), and deep learning vis-a-vis the advances of Intelligent Tutoring Systems. ITS 2020 focused on the use of novel and sophisticated technologies blending with multifaceted research approaches for pro- moting and ameliorating tutoring systems. It provided a setting to discuss recent and high-qualitydevelopmentsinthebroaderareaofAIinEducation.Inaddition,itoffered a good opportunity for participants to present and discuss topics in their respective research areas, allowing an online network of researchers. Thecallforscientificpapersfocusedonaplethoraoftopicsofinterestintheareaof ITS and beyond including the following: (cid:129) Intelligent Tutoring (cid:129) AI in Education (cid:129) Educational Data Mining (cid:129) Machine Learning in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (cid:129) Deep Learning and Intelligent Tutoring Systems (cid:129) Informal Learning Environments and Learning as a Side Effect of Interactions (cid:129) Collaborative and Group Learning, Communities of Practice, and Social Networks (cid:129) Simulation-Based Learning and Serious Games (cid:129) Immersive and Virtual Reality Environments (cid:129) Dialogue and Discourse During Learning Interactions (cid:129) Ubiquitous, Mobile, and Cloud Learning Environments (cid:129) Empirical Studies of Learning with Technologies (cid:129) Understanding Human Learning on the Web (cid:129) Adaptive Support for Learning, Models of Learners, and Diagnosis and Feedback (cid:129) Intelligent Health Applications (cid:129) Modeling of Motivation, Metacognition, and Affect Aspects of Learning (cid:129) Recommender Systems for Learning (cid:129) Virtual Pedagogical Agents and Learning Companions (cid:129) Ontological Modeling, Semantic Web Technologies, and Standards for Learning (cid:129) Multi-Agent and Service Oriented Architectures for Learning and Tutoring Environments (cid:129) Educational Exploitation of Data Mining and Machine Learning Techniques (cid:129) Instructional Design Principles or Design Patterns for Educational Environments (cid:129) Authoring Tools and Development Methodologies for Advanced Learning Technologies vi Preface (cid:129) Domain-Specific Learning Technologies, e.g. Language, Mathematics, Reading, Science, Medicine, Military, and Industry (cid:129) Non-Conventional Interactions Between AI and Human Learning (cid:129) Privacy and Security in e-Learning Environments (cid:129) Affective Computing and Intelligent Tutoring Systems (cid:129) Brain-Computer Interface applications in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (cid:129) Analytics and Casual Modeling in Intelligent Tutoring The call for papers solicited work presenting substantive new research results in using advanced computer technologies and interdisciplinary research for enabling, supporting,andenhancinghumanlearning.APostersTrackwasalsoorganized,which provided an interactive forum for authors to present research prototypes to conference participants, as well as work in progress. The international Program Committee consisted of 93 leading members of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems community (26 senior and 57 regular), as well as highly promising younger researchers. The conference general chair was Cleo Sgouropoulou from the University of West Attica, Greece, whereas the Program Committee chairs wereViveKumarfromAthabascaUniversity,Canada,andChristosTroussasfromthe University of West Attica, Greece. Scientific papers were reviewed by three to five reviewers (one or more being senior) through a double-blind process. Only 27% of submitted papers were accepted asfullpapers,about23%wereacceptedasshortpapers,andjust13%wereacceptedas posters. These percentages indicate that ITS 2020 is a top-flight, rather selective, high-quality conference. During the review process, the reviewers’ evaluations were generally respected, especially those made by the senior reviewers. A separate Doctoral Consortium (DC) provided a forum in which PhD students could present and discuss their work during its early stages, meet peers with related interests, and work with more senior members of the field (mentors). The DC chairs were Jason Harley from McGill University, Canada, and Christos Troussas from the UniversityofWestAttica,Greece.TheacceptedsubmissionsoftheDCwerepresented as posters. The management of the review process and the preparation of the pro- ceedings was handled through EasyChair. On the basis of the ITS philosophy, the selected full papers described some very significant research, the short papers investigated some very interesting novel ideas, while the posters presented research in progress that deserves close attention. A variety of new techniques were introduced or revisited, including multimodal affective computing, explainable AI, mixed-compensation multidimensional item response, ensemble deep learning, cohesion network analysis, spiral of silence, con- versationalagent,semanticweb,computer-supportedcollaborativelearning,andsocial network analysis. The rigor of the reported work was ironclad and yielded several generalizable results. Moreover, it allowed room for the deployment of methods such as observational studies, longitudinal studies, and meta-analysis that may offer new perspectives in future ITS conferences. Aconference isonly asgood as itsauthors, how they expand the frontiers, andthe rigorwithwhichtheycompeltherestofthecommunitytoexplorethebeyond.Justas ithasbeenforthepastfourdecades,thepapersofITS2020pushedtheboundariesof Preface vii intelligenttutoringfurther.Severalofthemhadreportedground-breakingworkinareas including conversational agents, gamification, social profiling, emotive computing, grades prediction, employment status prediction, theory generalization, virtual instruction, and community robotics. The ITS 2020 program was reinforced by the successful organization of a full-day workshop:“IntelligenceSupportforMentoringProcessesinHigherEducation”byRalf Klamma, Milos Kravcik, Elvira Popescu, and Viktoria Pammer-Schindler, and a half-day tutorial: “ASSET Learning Programme Model and Accompanying Tools” by Eleni-Aikaterini Leligou and Panagiotis Karkazis. They were both selected and man- agedby theworkshop andtutorialchair,AthanasiosVoulodimos,from theUniversity of West Attica, Greece. Amid the difficult and unprecedented conditions of the COVID-19 repercussions, we would like to we express our gratitude to many different contributors: The successful preparation and implementation of the ITS 2020 conference was securedbytheoriginalworkofalltheauthors,thedevotedcontributionofthevarious conference chairs, the members of the Program Committee, the Steering Committee, and in particular its chair, Prof. Claude Frasson. The organization, coordination, and onlineoperationoftheconferencewasachievedbytheorganizersandtheorganization chair, Kitty Panourgia. We would also like to address our special thanks to the con- ference sponsors, Microsoft Greece, and Cisco Greece for the support. Last but not least,wewouldliketoacknowledgetheInstituteofIntelligentSystems(IIS)underthe auspices of which this conference was held. Instead of an epilogue to this preface, we would like to stress that one of the basic outcomes of the ITS 2020 conference is the balance between new researchers and established researchers, novel topics and finely aged topics, theoretical extensions and commercial interests, breadthwise growth of topics and depth wise evolution of sub- genres.Thisbalanceconstitutesanabsolutelyessentialdimensiontosustainthefieldof Intelligent Tutoring Systems in the context of new endeavors by its academic and research community. April 2020 Vive Kumar Christos Troussas Organization Conference Committee General Chair Cleo Sgouropoulou University of West Attica, Greece Program Chairs Vivekanandan Kumar Athabasca University, Canada Christos Troussas University of West Attica, Greece Organization Chair Kitty Panourgia Neoanalysis, Greece Workshops and Tutorial Chair Athanasios Voulodimos University of West Attica, Greece Doctoral Consortium Chairs Jason Harley McGill University, Canada Christos Troussas University of West Attica, Greece Posters and Demos Chair Kyparisia Papanikolaou School of Pedagogical and Technological Education, Greece TheconferencewasheldundertheauspicesoftheInstituteofIntelligentSystems(IIS). Program Committee Program Chairs Vivekanandan Kumar Athabasca University, Canada Christos Troussas University of West Attica, Greece x Organization Senior Program Committee Kevin Ashley University of Pittsburgh, USA Roger Azevedo University of Central Florida, USA Bert Bredeweg University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Stefano A. Cerri LIRMM,UniversityofMontpellier,andCNRS,France Maiga Chang Athabasca University, Canada Michaela Cocea University of Porthsmouth, UK Michel Desmarais École Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada Benedict Du Boulay University of Sussex, UK Claude Frasson University of Montreal, Canada Gilles Gauthier Université du Québec à Montréal,, Canada Peter Groumpos University of Patras, Greece Nathalie Guin University of Lyon 1, France Yugo Hayashi Ritsumeikan University, Japan W. Lewis Johnson Alelo Inc., USA Charalambos Karagiannidis University of Thessaly, Greece Kinshuk University of North Texas, USA Siu-Cheung Kong The University of Hong Kong, China Vivekanandan Kumar Athabasca University, Canada Jean-Marc Labat Université Paris 6, France Susanne Lajoie McGill University, Canada Riichiro Mizoguchi Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Japan Roger Nkambou Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada Demetrios Sampson University of Piraeus, Greece Stefan Trausan-Matu Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania Christos Troussas University of West Attica, Greece Beverly Park Woolf University of Massachusetts, USA Program Committee Mohammed Abdel Razek King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia Fabio Akhras Renato Archer Center of Information Technology, Brazil Galia Angelova Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria Silvia Margarita Baldiris Fundación Universitaria, Spain Navarro Maria Lucia Barron-Estrada Instituto Tecnológico de Culiacán, Mexico Maria Bielikova Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia Emmanuel Blanchard IDÛ Interactive Inc., Canada François Bouchet Université de Sorbonne and LIP6, France David Boulanger Athabasca University, Canada Nicola Capuano University of Salerno, Italy Chih-Kai Chang National University of Tainan, Taiwan Maher Chaouachi McGill University, Canada