Decision Support Systems for Smart City Applications Scrivener Publishing 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J Beverly, MA 01915-6106 Sustainable Computing and Optimization Series Editor: Prasenjit Chatterjee, Morteza Yazdani and Dilbagh Panchal Scope: The objective of “Sustainable Computing and Optimization” series is to bring together the global research scholars, experts, and scientists in the research areas of sustainable computing and optimization from all over the world to share their knowledge and experiences on current research achievements in these fields. The series aims to provide a golden opportunity for global research community to share their novel research results, findings, and innovations to a wide range of readers, present globally. Data is everywhere and continuing to grow massively, which has created a huge demand for qualified experts who can uncover valuable insights from data. The series will promote sustainable computing and optimization methodologies in order to solve real life problems mainly from engineering and management systems domains. The series will mainly focus on the real life problems, which can suitably be handled through these paradigms. Publishers at Scrivener Martin Scrivener ([email protected]) Phillip Carmical ([email protected]) Decision Support Systems for Smart City Applications Edited by Loveleen Gaur Vernika Agarwal and Prasenjit Chatterjee This edition first published 2023 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA © 2023 Scrivener Publishing LLC For more information about Scrivener publications please visit www.scrivenerpublishing.com. All rights reserved. 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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ISBN 978-1-119-89643-2 Cover image: Pixabay.Com Cover design by Russell Richardson Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines Printed in the USA 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Dedication The Editors would like to dedicate this book to their parents, life partners, children, students, scholars, friends, and colleagues. v Contents Preface xv Acknowledgement xxi 1 Techno Agri for New Cities by Smart Irrigation 1 Rohit Rastogi, Sunil Kumar Prajapati, Shiv Kumar and Satyam Verma 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Literature Review 4 1.3 Components Used 6 1.4 Proposed System 8 1.5 Android Mobile Application for Smart Irrigation 11 1.5.1 Main Page 11 1.5.2 Snapshot of Working Model (ICs and Working Model) 13 1.6 Novelty 14 1.7 Future Research Work 14 1.8 Limitations 14 1.9 Conclusions 15 References 15 2 A Case Study of Command-and-Control Center— A DSS Perspective 17 Prakash B.R. and Dattasmita H.V. 2.1 Introduction 18 2.1.1 Smart City 18 2.1.1.1 Characteristics of a Decision Support System 20 2.1.2 The Critical System 20 2.1.2.1 Safety Critical System 20 2.2 Command and Control Center—A Critical System 21 2.3 Conclusion 31 References 32 vii viii Contents 3 Inverse Tree Interleavers in UAV Communications for Interference Mitigation 35 Manish Yadav, Prateek Raj Gautam and Pramod Kumar Singhal 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Background 36 3.3 The Problem 38 3.4 Motivation 39 3.5 Interference Mitigation Using ITI 39 3.6 Interleavers for Interference Mitigation in UAV Communications 40 3.7 Inverse Tree Interleavers in UAV Communications 42 3.8 Decision Support System (DSS) in ITI Allocation 43 3.9 ITI-Based Clustered Interleaving and DSS for Smart City Framework 44 3.10 Conclusion 47 References 47 4 Introduction to DSS System for Smart Cities 53 Kuldeep Singh Kaswan, Ravinder Gautam and Jagjit Singh Dhatterwal 4.1 Introduction 54 4.2 Smart City System Architecture 55 4.2.1 Sensing Plane 55 4.2.2 Communication Plane 55 4.2.3 Data Plane 56 4.2.4 Security Plane 56 4.3 Types of Network Sensors 57 4.3.1 Electronic Sensors 57 4.3.2 Chemical Sensors 57 4.3.3 Biosensors 57 4.3.4 Smart Grid Sensors 58 4.4 Role of Sensors in Smart Cities 58 4.4.1 Safety and Security Management 58 4.4.2 Service Delivery and Optimization 58 4.4.3 Traffic Control and Parking 58 4.4.4 Smart Building 59 4.4.5 Public Transport 59 4.4.6 Environment 59 4.4.7 Ethical Implications 60 4.5 Implications of Smart Sensors 60