HP 9000 Networking Installing and Administering LAN/9000 Software FliOW HEWLETT a:~ PACKARD Edition 3 E0792 98194-60530 Printed in U.S.A. 07/92 Preface This manual provides information for installing and administering the LAN/9000 product. The LAN/9000 product allows HP 9000 computers to connect to an IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet Local Area Network. The information in this manual is intended for network managers or operators who install and administer LAN/9000. It is assumed the reader is experienced with HP-UX and is familiar with the basics of local and wide area networking. The manual is organized as follows: Chapter 1 "Installing LAN/9000" describes how to install LAN/9000 software. Chapter 2 "Configuring LAN/9000 Using SAM" describes the steps to configure LAN/9000 software automatically using the System Administration Manager (SAM). Chapter 3 "Troubleshooting LAN/9000" provides flowcharts to help diagnose LAN/9000 software and hardware problems. Chapter 4 "Manually Installing and Configuring LAN/9000" describes the steps to build the kernel, create device files, and manually configure LAN/9000 using the vi editor. Chapter 5 "Configuration Commands" provides description of the eisa _config(lM), ifconfig(lM), lanconfig(lM) and route(lM) commands. Chapter 6 "Network Diagnostic Commands" provides descriptions of useful diagnostic utilities. Use these command descriptions as reference information when you are following the troubleshooting procedures in chapter 3. Chapter 7 "Logging and Tracing Commands" describes the commands that activate the comr,non logging and tracing tool, nettl. 3 Chapter 8 "Product Description" describes product structure and relates software components to the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Reference Model. Chapter 9 "Network Addressing" defines networking terms and explains network interface name and unit, network addresses, and names and subnets. Chapter 10 "LAN Device and Interface Terminology" defines terms used by the I/O system to identify LAN adapters and device files. Appendix A "Installation Error Messages" lists error messages related to loading and configuring LAN/9000 software. AppendixB "Diagnostic Error Messages" lists error messages returned by diagnostic utilities. Appendix C "Network Event Logging Messages" lists network event logging messages returned by LAN/9000. AppendixD "LAN Interface Adapter Statistics" describes LAN adapter status values and statistics returned by landiag(lM). AppendixE "LAN Interface Adapter Self-test Codes" lists error codes returned by a "failed" landiag(lM) interface test. AppendixF "LAN Filesets" describes the contents of each LAN fileset and the S800 include statements and S300/S700 keywords required for generating a new kernel. Appendix G "Network Daemons and Library Routines" provides a quick reference list of the daemons and library routines provided and used by the LAN/9000 product. AppendixH "Reconfiguring the S700 Kernel (Standalone)" provides a complete list of the steps required to reconfigure the S700 kernel ( standalone). Appendix I "Reconfiguring the S300/S400 Kernel (Standalone)" provides a complete list of the steps required to reconfigure the S300/400 kernel ( standalone). 4 AppendixJ "Reconfiguring the S800 Kernel (Standalone)" provides a complete list of the steps required to reconfigure the S800 kernel (standalone). AppendixK "Logging and Tracing Subsystems" lists the LAN/9000 logging and tracing subsystems used with the nettl utility. AppendixL "Sample netlinkrc File" provides an example letclnetlinkrc file. AppendixM "Related Manuals, Protocols, and Standards" provides lists of related networking and system documentation along with lists of the protocols and standards on which the LAN/ARPA products are based. 5 Contents Chapter 1 Installing LAN/9000 Overview of LAN Installation ........................ 1-2 Step 1: Checking LAN Installation Prerequisites ............. 1-3 Step 2: Loading LAN Software ....................... 1-4 Step 3: Setting the EISA Card Configuration ............... 1-6 Step 4: Installing LAN Hardware ...................... 1-8 Chapter 2 Configuring LAN/9000 Using SAM Overview of Configuration Using SAM ................... 2-2 Step 1: Configuring the LAN Link ..................... 2-3 Step 2: Configuring Network Connectivity ............... 2-11 Step 3: Verifying the Installation ..................... 2-17 Running the LAN Verification Script ................. 2-17 Chapter 3 Troubleshooting LAN/9000 Troubleshooting Overview .......................... 3-2 Addressing Do's and Don'ts ......................... 3-3 Troubleshooting Q & A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 Diagnostic Flowcharts ............................ 3-10 Flowchart 1: Configuration Test ................... 3-14 Flowchart 1 Procedures ........................ 3-15 Flowchart 2: Configuration Test - cont. ............... 3-16 Flowchart 2 Procedures ........................ 3-17 Flowchart 3: Configuration Test - cont. ............... 3-20 Flowchart 3 Procedures ........................ 3-21 Flowchart 4: Network Level Loopback Test ............. 3-22 Flowchart 4 Procedures ........................ 3-23 Flowchart 5: Network Level Loopback Test - cont. ........ 3-26 Flowchart 5 Procedures ........................ 3-27 Flowchart 6: Transport Level Loopback Test (using rib) ...... 3-30 Flowchart 6 Procedures ........................ 3-31 7 Flowchart 7: Transport Level Loophack Test (using ARPA) ...... . 3-34 Flowchart 7 Procedures ........................... . 3-35 Flowchart 8: Link Level Loopback Test ................... . 3-36 Flowchart 8 Procedures ........................... . 3-37 Flowchart 9: LAN Card Test (Series 300/400 only) ............ . 3-38 Flowchart 9 Procedures ........................... . 3-39 Flowchart 10: LAN Card Test (Series 300/400 only) - cont. ...... . 3-42 Flowchart 10 Procedures .......................... . 3-43 Flowchart 11: LAN Card Test (Series 600/800 and Series 700 only) ... . 3-44 Flowchart 11 Procedures .......................... . 3-45 Flowchart 12: LAN Connections Test .................... . 3-46 Flowchart 12 Procedures .......................... . 3-47 Flowchart 13: Gateway Remote Loopback Test .............. . 3-48 Flowchart 13 Procedures .......................... . 3-49 Flowchart 14: Gateway Remote Loopback Test - cont. ......... . 3-50 Flowchart 14 Procedures .......................... . 3-51 Flowchart 15: Probe Proxy Server Test ................... . 3-52 Flowchart 15 Procedures .......................... . 3-53 Flowchart 16: Subnet Test .......................... . 3-54 Flowchart 16 Procedures 3-55 Contacting Your HP Representative ...................... . 3-57 Chapter 4 Manually Configuring LAN/9000 Overview of Manual Configuration ......................... 4-2 Creating a New Kernel for the Series 700 or Series 300/400 ........... 4-3 Creating a New Kernel for the Series 600/800 ................... 4-6 Verifying LAN Device Files ............................. 4-8 Series 300/400 Device Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 Creating the /etclhosts File ............................. 4-11 Network and System Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4-12 /etclhosts .................................... 4-13 /etclhosts Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 /etclhosts Permissions ............................. 4-14 /etclhosts Example ............................... 4-14 Editing and Executing the /etc/netlinkrc File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 Editing fetc/netlinkrc ............................... 4-17 Executing fetc/netlinkrc ............................. 4-20 Activating Optional Network Features .................... 4-21 Creating the /etc/networks File ....................... 4-21 8 Modifying the /etc/services File ....................... 4-24 Modifying the /etc/protocols File ...................... 4-26 Installing for Real-Time Use ............................ 4-28 Chapter 5 Configuration Commands Overview of LAN Configuration Commands .................... 5-2 eisa_config(1M) .................................... 5-3 ifconfig(1M) ...................................... 5-6 lanconfig (1M) ..................................... 5-9 route(1M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5-10 subnetconfig(1M) .................................. 5-12 Chapter 6 Network Diagnostic Commands Overview of Network Diagnostics .......................... 6-2 landiag(1M) ....................................... 6-3 landiag( 1M) Command Modes ........................ 6-4 Test Selection Mode .............................. 6-5 LAN Interface Test Mode ........................... 6-6 lanscan( 1M) ..................................... 6-12 linkloop(1M) ..................................... 6-17 netstat(1) ....................................... 6-20 ping(1M) ....................................... 6-35 rlb(1M) ........................................ 6-38 rlb(1M) Command Modes .......................... 6-39 Redirection of Output ............................ 6-40 Executing rlb(1M) ............................... 6-40 Entering Commands .............................. 6-41 Terminating rlb(1M) ............................. 6-42 Test Selection Mode ............................. 6-43 Remote Communications Mode ...................... 6-44 Remote Message Exchange Sequence ................... 6-53 Test Message Format ............................. 6-56 Security .................................... 6-56 LANDAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6-57 Chapter 7 Logging and Tracing Commands Overview of Logging and Tracing .......................... 7-2 Using the nettl Logging Facility ........................... 7-3 9 To Start Logging .................................. 7-3 Log Files and Logging Operations ........................ 7-3 To View the Formatted Log Data ........................ 7-5 Using the nett! Tracing Facility ........................... 7-6 To Start Tracing .................................. 7-6 Trace Files and Tracing Operations ....................... 7-7 To View the Formatted Trace Data ....................... 7-8 nettl( 1M) ........................................ 7-9 netfmt( 1M) ..................................... 7-15 The Formatting Filter Configuration File ................... 7-17 Global Filtering ................................ 7-17 Subsystem Filtering .............................. 7-18 Examples of nett! and netfmt Operation ..................... 7-19 Filter Command Lines ............................... 7-22 Chapter 8 Product Description Product Structure ................................... 8-2 Hardware Components .............................. 8-2 LAN" Card .................................... 8-2 MAU ....................................... 8-4 AUI ........................................ 8-4 Stub Cable .................................... 8-4 Software Components ............................... 8-5 Programmatic Interfaces ............................ 8-5 Protocol Modules ................................ 8-5 Maintenance and Troubleshooting Tools ................ . . . 8-6 Product Protocols and the OSI Model ....................... 8-7 Session Layer (OSI Layer 5) ........................... 8-8 NetlPC ...................................... 8-8 Berkeley Sockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8 Transport Layer (OSI Layer 4) .......................... 8-8 TCP ........................................ 8-9 PXP ........................................ 8-9 UDP ........................................ 8-9 Network Layer (OSI Layer 3) .......................... 8-10 Physical and Data Link Layers (OSI Layers 1-2) ............... 8-10 IEEE 802.3 Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8-10 Ethernet Driver ................................ 8-10 Link Level Access ............................... 8-11 10