InsiAduteo desAkn imat™o r TheC ompleGtuei de Antiom atioonan PC LeahF reiwald LeeM arrs � NewR idePrusb lishThionugs,a nOda ksC,a lifornia InsiAduet odeskA nimator T• The CompleGtuedi et oA nimatoinoa n P C ByL eahF reiwaalndd Le e Marrs Pubilshebdy : New RiderPsu blishing PostO fficeBo x 4846 ThousandO aks, CA 9136U0S A Copyrig©h 1t9 9b0y L eahF reiwaandl d LeeM arrs Firsetd iti1o9n9 0 Printiedn t heU niteSdta tes ofA merica 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Libraryo fC ongressC atalogingn--iPublicatDiaotna Freiwal,d Leah INSIDE AutodeskA nimator1 the completeg uidet o animation on a PC LIe ah Frewiald,L ee Marrs p. cm. Includesi ndex. ISBN0 -934035-76-8: $29.95 1.A utodesk Animator( Computerp rogram ) 2.C omputera nimation I. Marrs, Lee II.T itle TR897.5.F74 1990 741.5'082'855396--dc20 90-6315 CIP Warnianngd D isclaimer Thiboso ki sd esignetdop rovide tuitnoforrimaalt aiboonu tth eA utodesk AnimatocroTm•p utperorg ramE.v erye fforhta sbe en madet om aket his bookas compleatnedas acx:urateas possiblbeu,tn ow arrantyo rfi tness isi mplied. Thei nformatiiospn r ovidoenda n" asi sb"a siTsh.e a uthoarnsd N ew RiderPsu blishsihnaglh la ven eithleira binloirt yr esponstioab niyl ity person ore ntity rwesiptecht t oa nyl osso rd amages arfriosmi tnhge informatcoinotna ineidnt his bookfr oomr t heuse oft hed isks and programst hamta ya ccompaniyt . Trdaemarks AutodesAkn imatiosra t rademaorfAk u todesInkc,. IBM/PC/XT/ATI,B MP S/a2n dP CD OS arer egistterraedde maroksf t he InternatiBounsailesn s Machines Corporation. Thep ublishhaesra ttemptteodi dentoitfyh ekrn ownt rademarokrs servimcea rkbsy p rinttihnegm w itthh ec apitalizaantdpi uonnc tuation usedb yt het rademahrokl ders. RNiedwe Prsu blishaitntge stthasit th as used thesed esignatiwointsh oiuntt etnoti nfrionnget het rademaarnkds tot heb enefiotft het rademahrokl deHrosw.e vetrh,ep ublisher disclaims anyr esponsibifolri stpecyi fyingw hichm arksa reo wnedb y which companioesro rganizations. Aboutt he Authors Leah Freiwald Sincteh eea rly1 980's, Freiwaldbe en writianbogu tc omputers Leah has andh as developed numeborooku-sl engttuht orifoarl pso pulaIrB M, Applea,n dM acintosahp plicatiporonsgr ams.H erco mpany,M anual Dexteristpyec,i aliiznesd esigninign formatiomnaatle riaforl CsA D and computegrra phicsso ftware.A deligihnta nimatiwoasn sparkeadt AutodeskI,n cw.h,e res he was opfat rhteso ftwared evelopmgernuotp workinognA utodeskA nimat.o r Formeral pyr ofessoofr ltieratuMrse.F, reiwaeladr nehde rP h.Da.tt he UniversoiftC ya lifornBiear,k eleSyh.eh asl ong-standing iinnt erests games as educatiotnooallsa nd inc ulturcahla nges aas r esulto f switchifrnogm pritnoet l ectrmoenidci a. Lee Marrs An Emmy award-winninagr td irectLoereM, a rrsh ass pent time as TV aco rporagtrea phdiecs ignenre,w si llustrpaotloirt,cai rctaolo niesdti,t or, paint,ae nrimator/doirra,ecn tdc omibcoo kw ritaerrt/i.Hs etrp rinwto rk hasa ppeared inn inceo untrainesd s her eceivetdh e combioock i ndustry's 198I2n kpotA wardfo r" OutstandinAgch ievemeinntC omiAcr t.s" MarrAsr tworakn,a nimatiaonndd esigsnt ud,i owafosr med i1n9 72 Lee top rovifdiel m, videoa,n dps rliindatesr .,tI nt hel at1e9 70'Mss,.M arrs entetrh eco mputegrra phicsfi eld, became oneo f tfihres anti matorst o dragginmga nyo fh eri nitiraellluyc tcalnite nwtist hhe r. In additionv ideograpphircsod uctioMns,. M arrsh asse rveda s to animaticoonns ultantc omputegrr aphicsm anufacturers. guAe st to lectureorn computegrra phicasn imatiaotn v ariouisn ternational conefrences,M s.M arrss penaty eairn A ustraasl iaan imaticoonn sultant forV idePoa inbtrusCh o.P ty.L td. Marrs teachaest ThCee nteforr Ms. l r and tChoem puteArr tsI nstitauntdeg ,u esltec tureast Eect onicArts theU niversoiftC ya lifornBiear,k eley. Acknowdlgmeents Manyp eopldeesc ribed theexirpe rienwcesi tAhn imatoforrus orp utu s in touwciht ha nimatoWres .w oulldi ke tthoa nJke rJio hnstoKne,i th MetzgerRo,be rt QuinnI,a nSc hmeisser,C apS tocksa,n dL eeT raupel. Specialt hanktsoB obP alioca.a ndD aviNdi lsen KoEfT IVT echonlogies (PortlaOrned.,fo )re xtendcoendv esartionsT.o e veryonweh oc ontributed animatiomnsan,y thanks. We thanakl tlh ep eopalteA utodeskw hoco operatweidt uhs o nn umerous occasions, inp articulPaart riPceipae rGl,o rBiaas tidJaasm,i Cel aya,n d, ofco urse,B obB ennetTtha.n ks toG acy Yosta ndJ ackP owelfolr answerionugrm orea rcaneq uestioanbosu tA nimator. We appreciHaartoel dH edlemaann dt hefo lks atS uit3eD a ndt heC enter for ElectronAirct sfo r providiwnogr kspaacned a congenimaeelt ing ground. Ourt hanktso A ndyV yrrowsh oga ve techniacsasli staantcc er ucial moments. AtB arneyscawne,w isht ot hanLku cy Garriacnkd P aulB uxbaum for informatainodnt echnicalas sistanicen scanningp hotograpahnsd transferfirliensg. FredS hepherodfC omputertime Rafa(eSla,nC alifw.a)s h elpfiunl gettinnge edede quipmenEtv.aKa shkooligr aciously prao vviiddeeod camera. Fore ncouragemenatta ne arlsyt aget,h anyko ut oP auHlo ffmanD,e nise Penrosea,n dA rthur Comings. InsiAduet odeAsnki matowra sw rittednes,i gned andi llustruastiendg Microsoft Worpdr,o vidbedy MicrosoftC orporatiXoenr;o xV entura Publisheprr,o vidbeydX eroCxo rporatiaonnd;P izazPzl usp,r ovidbeyd ApplicaotnTi echniquesI,n c. Thefo llowing compparnoivesi dveadl uabsolftew areo re quipmetnoat id int hed evelopmoefnt th ebo ok:M etheuCso rp( BeavertOorne,.fo )r,t he PremieVrGA videbooa rd;J oviaL>ng icC orp(.F remonCta,l iffo.r)t ,h eir VIN, VIA, and SYLVIA frame grabber and VGAt oN TSC video convertMeragnsi; Systems( BeavertoOnre,. )fo,r theiVrGA Producer VGA toN TSC videoc onvertaenrd speciealffec ts board;M icro-Base Corporati(oDnya tonO,h iofo)r,t heiTra lkmatsyes temH;S C Software (SantMao nicaC,a l.i)ffo,r The GraphiLcsi nkP lus(+T GL+g)r aphics converssoiftownar e;U S Video( StamofrdC,o nn.fo)r, t heiVrG A;NTCS Recordbalaen dG enlockOv erlMaody ules;a ndI MSCI,n c(P.aso Robles, Cal.i)ffo,r t heiMro usePena,m ouse thayto uh olldi kae pe n;an d Vision Technologiaesd ,i visoifoE nve rexS ystemIsn,c . (FreCmaoln.it)ffo,,r t he Visio1n6i mageca pturboea rd antdh eV isiVoGnA videoou tpubtoa rd. Proudction PublishDiinrge ctaonrdE ditor:B .R ustiGnes ner ProductEidoint or:C hristSitneee l TechniEcadli t:o rB.R ustiGesnn er TestingK:e viCno lemaKne,n B illing Layout: MargareBte rson Cover Design:T oddM eislJeir,lC la styD esign Illustrat:i oLenes Marrs, LeahF reiwald IND ISKD evelopment:Le ah FreiwaLeled ,M arrs TabolfCoe n tenvtisi Table ofC ontents Introducti.on WhatI sI nsiAdnei mator? 1-2 HowI nsiAdnei matIosrO rganized 1-4 Read Thi-s It'Ism portant 1-4 Howt oU se InsiAdnei mator 1-4 OurC ontributors I-8 Chapte1r SettiUnpga Studio SettiUnpg A nimator 1-1 StartiAnngi mator 1-3 MainS creeMne nus 1-4 TheH omeP anel 1-7 Frameasn dF lies 1-15 LeaviAnngi mator 1-18 NextS teps 1-21 Chapter2 What'Ms yPr oject? PlanninAgh ead 2-1 DrawinagLa yout 2-4 EdititnhgeLa yout 2-5 TestiMnogv ement 2-9 SettiUnpgF ilefosr a Project 2-15 NexStt eps 2-19 viiiI NSIADNEIA MTOR Chapte3r So Many Too bl,E venM oreI nks TheD rawinTgoo lsP anel 3-1 AligniEnlge menWtsi tha Grid 3-6 PlaciEnlge menWtsi thS tatuLsi nCeo ordinates 3-8 TheT ext Tool 3-13 TheS eparaTtooel 3-18 TheT weeningT ools 3-20 TheI nkTypes Panel 3-28 Emboss Ink 3-32 TheG radienItn ks 3-34 NextS teps 3-36 Chapter 4 NearlyI nnumerablCeo lors Coloorns the HPoamnee l 4-1 Changitnhge CurrCeonlto r 4-2 ChangiKnegy C oloarn dM ini-PalCeotltoers 4-5 SelectCionlgo orsn t heP aletPtaen el 4-6 AdjustiRnGgB andHL S 4-10 Tinting 4-14 SortianngdA rrangiCnlgu sters 4-16 ColoCry cling 4-20 Cuttgia nndP astiCnogl ors 4-23 NextS teps 4-27 Chapter5 Celis forS election KeyC oloarn dt he Cel 5-2 Selectai nCge l 5-7 Movinangd Pastinag C el 5-9 PastianC ge Ble lAonwo thObeejrc t 5-9