Cheri J. Shapiro · Charlyn Harper Browne Editors Innovative Approaches to Supporting Families of Young Children Innovative Approaches to Supporting Families of Young Children Cheri J. Shapiro Charlyn Harper Browne (cid:129) Editors Innovative Approaches to Supporting Families of Young Children 123 Editors CheriJ.Shapiro CharlynHarper Browne Institute for Families in Society Centerfor the Studyof Social Policy University of SouthCarolina Washington, DC Columbia, SC USA USA ISBN978-3-319-39057-4 ISBN978-3-319-39059-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-39059-8 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016943873 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor foranyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerland Preface Inthisvolume,weadoptasystems-contextualviewofsupportingfamiliesofyoung children. Raising happy, healthy, competent, and confident young people requires environmentsatmanylevelsthatsupportpositivedevelopment.Thismeansparents and caregivers who understand how to help children grow and thrive, accessible and effective supports for parents and caregivers in need, early care and education settingsthatarelovingandinteresting,healthcareprovidersthattakeakeeninterest in promoting overall child well-being, neighborhoods that are safe, nurturing, and supportive, and public policies that enable and support caregivers to focus on the bestfortheirchildren.Together,wewillexplorethesemanyfacetstopromoteand strengthen outcomes for families of young children. Chapters in this volume are organized to reflect multiple levels of the social ecology for children. We begin with the most proximal environments, including parents and early care and education providers. We then move to more distal but nonetheless critical environments, including primary healthcare settings and neighborhoods. We then turn to the fabric within which all environments are embedded—thepolicyenvironment.Lastly,werespondwithasummaryandcallto action, helping us to pave the way for building and promoting strong supports for families of young children well into the future. Throughoutthisvolume,wewillstandontheshouldersofgiants,remembering that we can imagine and hope while simultaneously acting in a way to change the world for families of young children for the better. Use this volume well. Columbia, USA Cheri J. Shapiro Washington, USA Charlyn Harper Browne v Contents The Strengthening Families Approach and Protective Factors Framework™: A Pathway to Healthy Development and Well-Being . . . 1 Charlyn Harper Browne Parent- and Community-focused Approaches to Supporting Parents of Young Children: The Family Networks Project . . . . . . . . . . 25 Cheri J. Shapiro Honoring Parenting Values, Expectations, and Approaches Across Cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Charlyn Harper Browne, Chrissie Castro and Panu Lucier Strong Start for Families: An Innovative Use of High Fidelity Wraparound with Mothers in Early Recovery from Substance Use Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 M. Kay Teel Building Young Children’s Social–Emotional Competence at Home and in Early Care and Education Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Charlyn Harper Browne and Cheri J. Shapiro Promoting Early Childhood Development in the Pediatric Medical Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 John C. Duby Neighborhood Approaches to Supporting Families of Young Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Joyce Elizabeth Dean, James T. Seymour and Steven Rider vii viii Contents Public Policy Strategies to Promote the Well-Being of Families with Young Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Megan C. Martin From Thought to Action: Bridging the Gap in Early Childhood for Our Most Vulnerable Children and Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Melissa Lim Brodowski and Shannon Rudisill Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Contributors MelissaLimBrodowski OfficeofEarlyChildhoodDevelopment,Administration for Children and Families, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA Chrissie Castro Los Angeles/City County Native American Indian Commission, Los Angeles, CA, USA Joyce Elizabeth Dean Dean/Ross Associates, Eugene, OR, USA John C. Duby Department of Pediatrics, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton Children’s Hospital, Dayton, OH, USA CharlynHarperBrowne CenterfortheStudyofSocialPolicy,Washington,DC, USA Panu Lucier Crane Song Consulting, Anchorage, AK, USA Megan C. Martin Center for the Study of Social Policy, Washington, DC, USA Steven Rider Pacific Research and Evaluation, Portland, OR, USA Shannon Rudisill Administration for Children and Families, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA James T. Seymour Catholic Community Services of the Mid-Willamette Valley and Central Coast, Salem, OR, USA Cheri J. Shapiro Institute for Families in Society, College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA M. Kay Teel University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA ix The Strengthening Families Approach ™ and Protective Factors Framework : A Pathway to Healthy Development and Well-Being Charlyn Harper Browne The Strengthening Families Approach and Protective Factors Framework™ was introduced bythe Center for theStudy ofSocial Policyin2003 asan initiative for preventingchildabuseandneglectinfamiliesofchildrenbirth—5 yearsold.Since its introduction, the Strengthening Families Approach and Protective Factors Frameworkhasbeenimplementedinstatesinoneormorekeyareas,inadditionto child abuse and neglect prevention, specifically early care and education, home visiting, and child welfare. At the core of the Strengthening Families approach are five protective factors which research suggests mitigate the effect of exposure to risk factors and promote healthy family and child development and well-being. Although the Strengthening Families approach is most often implemented in con- texts that serve children and families whose circumstances increase the likelihood of poor outcomes, the five protective factors are regarded as essential to help keep all families strong. The protective factors of focus in the Strengthening Families approach are: parental resilience, social connections, knowledge of parenting and child development, social and emotional competence of children, and concrete supportintimesofneed.Thischapterwilldescribetheresearchatthefoundationof thisapproachandthefiveprotectivefactorsandrecommendationsforapplicationin child- and parent-serving programs. Background Research in the fields of neuroscience, pediatrics, and developmental psychology has provided extensive evidence that the nature and quality of young children’s earliest environments, relationships, and experiences influence whether the devel- C.HarperBrowne(&) CenterfortheStudyofSocialPolicy,Washington,DC,USA e-mail:[email protected] ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 1 C.J.ShapiroandC.HarperBrowne(eds.),InnovativeApproachestoSupporting FamiliesofYoungChildren,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-39059-8_1 2 C.HarperBrowne oping brain will have a strong or weak foundation for later cognitive, social, and emotional development (Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University 2010; National Scientific Council on the Developing Child 2007, 2010; Shonkoff et al. 2012). Studies show that early growth-promoting environments (e.g., ade- quatenutrition,regularlyscheduledperiodsofsleep,andopportunitiesforphysical activity), coupled with consistently nurturing and responsive care, prepare the developingbraintofunctionoptimally.Conversely,inadequateearlyenvironments, relationships, and experiences—such as child abuse and neglect—can be detri- mental to the developing brain (National Scientific Council on the Developing Child 2007). Early childhood is the period in which children are at greatest risk of experi- encing abuse or neglect (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families,Children’sBureau2015)andaremostvulnerabletotheeffectsofabuseor neglect (Shonkoff et al. 2012). Studies have found a relationship between child maltreatment and a broad range of developmental problems that can have both an immediate and enduring impact on learning, logical reasoning, socialization, emotional expression, and executive functions, if not properly addressed (Pynoos etal. 2007; Shonkoffet al.2012; Ziegler2011). Early childhood isalso theperiod of greatest opportunity for preventing or mitigating adverse experiences and re-setting the developmental trajectoryof traumatized youngchildrentowardmore adaptive outcomes via interventions that shift the balance between risk factors and protective factors (Brazelton and Greenspan 2000; National Scientific Council on the Developing Child 2010; National Research Council and Institute of Medicine 2000). Strengthening Families: A Primary Prevention and Promotion Approach The Strengthening Families Approach and Protective Factors Framework™ (Strengthening Families) was introduced by the Center for the Study of Social Policy in 2003 as a research-informed initiative for preventing child abuse and neglect in families of children birth—5 years old. While the focus of traditional prevention efforts is on risk factors and the goal is to reduce the likelihood of the recurrence of child maltreatment once it has already happened in a family, the Strengthening Families approach is consistent with numerous researchers’ recom- mended shift in the field of child maltreatment to a primary prevention and pro- motion approach (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury PreventionandControl,Division ofViolencePrevention2014;Stagner and Lansing2009).Thatis,theStrengtheningFamilies approachfocusesonincreasing familyprotectivefactors,andnotsingularlyondecreasingriskfactors,asapathway toreducethelikelihoodofchildmaltreatmentbeforeitoccurs,andtostrengthenthe