INNOVATIONS IN SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS AND SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS IN SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS AND SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY The Industry Implications of DVB-S2X, High Throughput Satellites, Ultra HD, M2M, and IP DANIELMINOLI SecureEnterpriseSystemsInc.NewYork,USA Copyright©2015byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformor byanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptas permittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withouteithertheprior writtenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriateper-copyfeeto theCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,(978)750-8400,fax (978)750-4470,oronthewebatwww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshould beaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ 07030,(201)748-6011,fax(201)748-6008,oronlineathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permission. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsin preparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyor completenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesof merchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysales representativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitable foryoursituation.Youshouldconsultwithaprofessionalwhereappropriate.Neitherthepublishernor authorshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyothercommercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedto special,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages. Forgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicesorfortechnicalsupport,pleasecontactour CustomerCareDepartmentwithintheUnitedStatesat(800)762-2974,outsidetheUnitedStatesat (317)572-3993orfax(317)572-4002. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmay notbeavailableinelectronicformats.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts,visitourwebsiteat www.wiley.com. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData: Minoli,Daniel,1952- Innovationsinsatellitecommunicationandsatellitetechnology:theindustryimplications ofDVB-S2X,highthroughputsatellites,UltraHD,M2M,andIP/DanielMinoli. pagescm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-118-98405-5(cloth) 1. Artificialsatellitesintelecommunication.I.Title. TK5104.M5392015 621.382′5–dc23 2014043912 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10987654321 Typesetin10/12ptTimesLTStdbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India 1 2015 ForAnna. AndformyparentsGinoandAngela. CONTENTS Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii AbouttheAuthor xv 1 Overview 1 1.1 Background, 2 1.2 IndustryIssuesandOpportunities:EvolvingTrends, 6 1.2.1 IssuesandOpportunities, 6 1.2.2 EvolvingTrends, 9 1.3 BasicSatellitePrimer, 15 1.3.1 SatelliteOrbits, 15 1.3.2 SatelliteTransmissionBands, 22 1.3.3 SatelliteSignalRegeneration, 32 1.3.4 SatelliteCommunicationTransmissionChain, 34 1.4 SatelliteApplications, 38 1.5 SatelliteMarketView, 42 1.6 WhereisFiberOpticTechnologyGoing? 45 1.7 InnovationNeeded, 47 References, 48 2 DVB-S2ModulationExtensionsandOtherAdvances 51 2.1 Part1:AReviewofModulationandFECPrinciples, 52 2.1.1 E /N Concepts, 52 b o viii CONTENTS 2.1.2 FECBasics, 56 2.1.3 FiltersandRoll-OffFactors, 63 2.2 Part2:DVB-S2andDVB-S2Extensions, 71 2.2.1 DVB-S2Modulation, 71 2.2.2 DVB-S2Extensions, 77 2.3 Part3:OtherGround-SideAdvances, 84 2.3.1 CarrierID, 84 2.3.2 IntelligentInverseMultiplexing, 87 2.3.3 ImplicationsofH.265Coding, 91 References, 93 3 HighThroughputSatellites(HTS)andKA/KUSpotBeam Technologies 95 3.1 Overview, 98 3.2 MultipleAccessSchemesandFrequencyReuse, 101 3.3 SpotBeamApproach, 105 3.4 FrequencyColors, 109 3.5 FrequencyBandsofOperation, 114 3.6 LossesandRainConsiderations, 122 3.7 HTSApplications, 124 3.8 ComparisonBetweenApproaches, 128 3.9 AViewofKU-BasedHTSSystems, 131 3.10HTSDesignConsiderations, 134 3.11SpotBeamAntennaDesignBasics(SatelliteAntenna), 135 3.11.1SingleFeedperBeamAntennas, 138 3.11.2MultipleFeedsperBeamAntennas, 140 3.12ExamplesofHTS, 142 3.12.1ViaSat-1and-2, 143 3.12.2EchoStar, 145 3.12.3EutelsatKA-SAT, 147 3.12.4IntelsatEPIC, 149 3.12.5GlobalXpress, 151 3.12.6OtherTraditionalHTS, 151 3.12.7O3b, 153 3.12.8WidebandGlobalSatcom(WGS), 156 References, 157 4 AeronauticalMobilityServices 161 4.1 OverviewoftheMobilityEnvironment, 162 4.2 AeronauticalSystems, 166 4.2.1 MarketOpportunities, 166 4.2.2 TechnologyApproachestoAeronauticalConnectivity, 168 4.2.3 AeronauticalAntennaTechnologyandRegulatoryMatters, 175