Robert J. Stokes Charlotte Gill  Editors Innovations in Community-Based Crime Prevention Case Studies and Lessons Learned Innovations in Community-Based Crime Prevention Robert J. Stokes • Charlotte Gill Editors Innovations in Community-Based Crime Prevention Case Studies and Lessons Learned Editors Robert J. Stokes Charlotte Gill School of Public Service Department of Criminology, DePaul University Law and Society Chicago, IL, USA George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA ISBN 978-3-030-43634-6 ISBN 978-3-030-43635-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43635-3 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Contents 1 In Support of Innovative Partnerships for Crime Prevention: The Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Robert J. Stokes and Charlotte Gill 2 Community-Based Empowerment, Collective Efficacy, and Collaborative Data-Sharing: Key Elements for Crime Reduction Planning in Baltimore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Seema Iyer, Cheryl Knott, and Andrea Cantora 3 A Community-Based Response to the Opioid-Epidemic-Linked Crime in Dayton, Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Brian John, Amanda Arrington, Jan LePore-Jentelson, and Richard Stock 4 Improving Community Governance to Reduce Crime: The Case of the Philadelphia’s Mantua BCJI Program . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Robert J. Stokes 5 Building a “Beautiful Safe Place for Youth”: The Story of an Effective Community-Research-Practice Partnership in Rainier Beach, Seattle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Charlotte Gill and Claudia Gross Shader 6 Cleveland, Ohio: A Community Law Enforcement Partnership for Sustainable Neighborhood Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Daniel J. Flannery, Liuhong Yang, Mark I. Singer, and Michael Walker 7 Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation Grant Program in Providence, Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Sean Varano and Stephanie Manzi v vi Contents 8 “Harmony in the Hills”: Peaks and Valleys in the Berea, KY, Rural BCJI Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Jenna Meglen and Charlotte Gill 9 Unfamiliar Waters: Expectations Versus Reality for a Newly Minted Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation Grant Research Partner in the City of St. Louis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Lee Ann Slocum, Cherrell Green, and Thomas Owen Baker 10 Applying the ACTION Framework to BCJI in Tucson, Arizona . . . . 219 Mary Ellen Brown and Katie Cotter Stalker 11 National Support for Collaborative Approaches to Neighborhood Safety: Developing a Technical Assistance Approach for the Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Matt Perkins Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Contributors Amanda Arrington Dayton Metro Library, Dayton, OH, USA Thomas Owen Baker Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA Mary Ellen Brown Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA Andrea Cantora School of Criminal Justice, University of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA Daniel  J.  Flannery Begun Center for Violence Prevention, Research and Education, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Charlotte Gill Department of Criminology, Law and Society, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA Cherrell Green Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA Seema Iyer Baltimore Neighborhood Indicators Alliance at the Jacob France Institute, University of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA Brian John Dayton Police Department, Dayton, OH, USA Cheryl Knott Baltimore Neighborhood Indicators Alliance at the Jacob France Institute, University of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA Jan LePore-Jentelson East End Community Services of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA Stephanie Manzi School of Justice Studies, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI, USA Jenna Meglen Partners for Education at Berea College, Berea, KY, USA Matt Perkins Local Initiatives Support Corporation, New York, NY, USA vii viii Contributors Claudia Gross Shader City of Seattle Office of City Auditor, Seattle, WA, USA Mark I. Singer Begun Center for Violence Prevention, Research and Education, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Lee Ann Slocum Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA Katie Cotter Stalker Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA Richard Stock University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA Robert J. Stokes School of Public Service, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA Sean Varano School of Justice Studies, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI, USA Michael Walker Partnership for a Safer Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA Liuhong Yang Begun Center for Violence Prevention, Research and Education, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Chapter 1 In Support of Innovative Partnerships for Crime Prevention: The Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation Program Robert J. Stokes and Charlotte Gill Introduction This book presents a series of cases of communities across the United States part- nering with public agencies and civil society organizations to positively impact the safety of their residents. This work has been pursued in some of the most troubled communities in the country: neighborhoods that have long suffered from extreme economic, social, and civic decline. These areas are characterized by high levels of unemployment, property abandonment, disorderly public environments, active ille- gal drug markets, underperforming schools, and violent crime. While the work chronicled here is focused on the activities of the federally funded and administered Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation (BCJI) program, in many sites, community work long predates the more recent efforts of this program. For some sites, organized crime prevention activities have been pursued for decades prior to this program. These recent efforts, pursued under the BCJI program, have occurred during a rather difficult era in the annals of American policing. Stocks of mutual trust between police and the communities where policing services tend to be most active, while historically fraught, have been further depleted over the past decade. A series of nationally publicized police shootings − often accompanied by ubiquitous digital images provided by cell phone, police dashcam, or police body camera footage – has exacerbated historical tensions between the police and com- munities of color. These incidents, in addition to the controversial and drawn-out legal cases that have followed them (serially followed by an endless 24/7 media cycle), have led each side, the police and community advocates, to close ranks and R. J. Stokes (*) School of Public Service, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA e-mail: [email protected] C. Gill Department of Criminology, Law and Society, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 1 R. J. Stokes, C. Gill (eds.), Innovations in Community-Based Crime Prevention, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43635-3_1 2 R. J. Stokes and C. Gill become less inclined to seek common ground. Indeed, those who casually follow the national news in the United States over the last decade would be inclined to believe that the relationship between the police and residents of disadvantaged, minority neighborhoods is fundamentally broken (Sharkey 2018). The cases in this book, utilizing on-the-ground observations from a blend of urban planning, social work, economics, and criminology scholars, in addition to their practitioner partners, suggest an alternative view. Even during these difficult times, police and community advocates have continued to work together to address long-standing issues of crime and violence. While seldom perfectly pursued, as attested in the myriad case details presented in this book, these good faith collabora- tions provide a necessary glimmer of hope in support of community-empowered, legitimate, and effective public safety services. This past decade, while difficult, has not been all bad news. Crime in many cities, including the country’s largest two, New York and Los Angeles, have continued to creep down to levels not seen for more than a half-century. Advances in technology and data systems have led to improvements in policing deployment strategies and electronic surveillance capabilities in both public and private spaces, while also having a democratizing effect of the availability of criminal justice information for citizens, civil society advocates, the media, and researchers. Good news aside, many larger cities like Chicago, Philadelphia, and Baltimore have witnessed tremendous spikes in murders and shootings over the last decade after a sustained period of decline. Crime has also become a growing problem in many smaller cities and, increasingly, suburbs and rural areas across the United States. The economic decline, depopulation, and municipal fiscal stress experienced by many large cities during the 1970–1990s have reached smaller cities and have led to increases in crime and violence in places where they had not been seen before. Smaller cities and rural areas have also endured the terrible ravages of increased levels of opioid addiction, facilitated by the easy access of powerful prescription pain medications and the synthetic opioid, fentanyl. This new set of problems have vexed smaller places, which lack the resources or established set of program provid- ers, be they public or nonprofit, to address them. It is within this context that the Obama Administration pursued an effort to provide federal support for community- based crime reduction and prevention partnerships in distressed communities. The BCJI Program The BCJI program emerged at the end of President Obama’s first term (2012) as part of a suite of three federal programs known as the Neighborhood Revitalization Initiative (NRI). This three-pronged initiative sought to link federal support to improvements in affordable housing through the US Department of Housing and Urban Development’s (HUD) Choice Neighborhoods, the Department of Justice’s (DOJ) BCJI program, along with the Promise Zone program, which sought to decrease poverty through investments in education, training, and targeted incentives