ISSN CD ROM 2241-6870 ISSN ON LINE 2241-6862 Proceedings of the st 1 International Conference on Applied Innovation: «PROBLEMS and PERSPECTIVES of INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP in GREECE within the INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT». Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit Technological Educational Institute of Epirus http://innovation-conference-epirus.blogspot.gr/ Editor – Chair of the Scientific Committee Sotiropoulos Ioannis Associate Professor Institutional Coordinator of the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus Arta, Greece. 2013 st Proceedings: 1 International Conference on Applied Innovation. 13-14/09/2013. Arta, Greece. ISSN CD ROM 2241-6870, ISSN ON LINE 2241-6862 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit. T. E. I. of Epirus Proceedings of the st 1 International Conference on Applied Innovation: «PROBLEMS and PERSPECTIVES of INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP in GREECE within the INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT». Scientific Committee Sotiropoulos Ioannis. Associate Professor (Institutional Coordinator of the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit, TEI of Epirus) Ganas Ioannis. Associate Professor (Department of Accounting, TEI of Epirus) Skoufos Ioannis. Professor (Department of Animal Production, TEI of Epirus) Tsirogiannis Ioannis. Lecturer (Department of Floriculture and Landscape, TEI of Epirus) Malisiovas Nikolaos. Professor (Department of Crop Production, TEI of Epirus) Vrionis George. Professor (Department of Early Childhood and Care, TEI of Epirus) Ziavra Nafsika. Associate Professor (Department of Speech & Language Therapy, TEI of Epirus) Gouva Mary. Assistant Professor (Department of Nursing, TEI of Epirus) Mantakas Marios. Assistant Professor (Department of Informatics Technology & Telecommunications, TEI of Epirus) Beza Paraskevi. Lecturer (Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, TEI of Epirus) Tsakiris Dimitrios. Professor (Department of Applied Foreign Languages in Management and Commerce, TEI of Epirus) Kokkonis George. Lecturer (Department of Traditional Music, TEI of Epirus) Naxakis Charis. Professor (Department of Finance and Auditing, TEI of Epirus) Kyritsis Konstantinos. Assistant Professor (Innovation Office, MOKE TEI of Epirus) Doumenis Grigorios. Assistant Professor (TEI of Epirus) Georgakopoulos Georgios. Assistant professor (University of Amsterdam) Vrontis Demetrios. Professor (University of Nicosia) Lassithiotakis Konstantin. Professor (VIA University College, Denmark) Psimarni -Boulgari Foteini. Professor (TEI of Crete) Karafolas Symeon. Professor (TEI of W.Macedonia) Rafailidis Apostolos. Assistant Professor (TEI of Patras) Gikas Grigorios. Professor (TEI of Epirus) Frangos Christos. Professor (TEI of Athens) Organizing Committee: Sotiropoulos Ioannis, Kyritsis Konstantinos, Kokkineli Emilia, Pafylias Stamatis Organizing Secretariat: Kokkineli Emilia, Pafylias Stamatis, and the students: Tsolaridis Konstantinos, Tsiaousis Christos, Chaski Christina, Drougas Nikolaos, Bakos Theodoros, Tsimpourakis Dimitrios, Stavrakis Stathis, Vasilaki Rafaela, Kappos Alexios, Koutonia Efstathia, Podias Konstantinos, Yiannou Evangelia, Pasho Martha. Arta, 13 & 14 September 2013 2 st Proceedings: 1 International Conference on Applied Innovation. 13-14/09/2013. Arta, Greece. ISSN CD ROM 2241-6870, ISSN ON LINE 2241-6862 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit. T. E. I. of Epirus Preface On 13 and 14 September 2013 was held in Arta, at the headquarters of TEI of Epirus, in the hall of the central library, the First International Conference on Applied Innovation entitled «problems and perspectives of innovative entrepreneurship in Greece within the international environment». The conference was organized by the «Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit» and the «Innovation Office» of the Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, with the main objective of linking education with production through innovative entrepreneurship. This overall objective specializes in sub-objectives (e.g. health, tourism, etc.) and has long term effects. Among them is organizing the second International Conference of applied innovation after two years (16 and 17 October 2015), building on the results of this first Conference. The general orientation of the Conference was the applied innovation. The contributions brought experiences from the international arena, and made references to the private and public sectors, the main sections focused on entrepreneurship, finance, management, tourism, health, technology, and invested theoretically on empirical knowledge. The character of the papers was interdisciplinary, detailed on problems, combined the empirical and scientific knowledge by the means of the solutions proposed by combining science and production. It remains to determine the duration and effectiveness over time. This depends on the value of the work of this Conference but also on the work that will show in the future the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit of TEI of Epirus and similar institutions. This conference, finally, was not held simply to add to the long list of conferences, but in order to try to change status quo, namely to innovate substantially and effectively. The first form of innovation, in addition on the procedure, which offered was in the pattern of being conducted. It was performed with the assistance of the program «anymeeting» on line, where 1/3 of the participants presented their contributions from various parts of Greece and abroad. In this manner, it will be held the 2nd International Conference, in which there will be greater involvement of business, utilizing the basic experience of the conference just ended. The business innovation is a key driver of economic growth and can only be achieved with the cooperation of the business with the scientific world in an international environment and rapidly changeable competitive (economic, technological, and social) conditions. 3 st Proceedings: 1 International Conference on Applied Innovation. 13-14/09/2013. Arta, Greece. ISSN CD ROM 2241-6870, ISSN ON LINE 2241-6862 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit. T. E. I. of Epirus Table of Contents PART A Entrepreneurship 6 Entrepreneurship Environments as living systems: an autopoietic approach Kougias Ioannis E., Seremeti Lambrini I. and Dimitris H. Kalogeras 7 Performance and Managerial Skills on a Global Scale in Albania: “The Public Vs the Private Sector- Who Wins?” Alba Robert Dumi 16 Exploring the entrepreneurial intentions and attitudes of business students Vasileiou Konstantinos Z., Sotiropoulos Ioannis, Kyritsis Konstantinos and Alina Barbara Hyz 32 The Knowledge stock of Greek R&D active manufacturing firms: Based on published financial accounts for the period 2001-2010 Gkypali A., Rafailidis A. and K. Tsekouras 50 PART B Innovation 66 Can lifelong learning promote innovation within the SMEs environment? Giossi Stella 67 Sustainable Product Design of Domestic Products Efkolidis Nikolaos, Manavis Athanasios, Sirganis Konstantinos and Panagiotis Kyratsis 77 The Marine Aquaculture Development in Greece as an Innovative Successful Story: Problems & Constrains Theodorou Ioannis A. and Nick G. Filippopoulos 86 Low cost business planning techniques for innovative consumer products Xatzileonida Androniki, Zioga Antonia, Dimaki Athina and Gregory Doumenis 96 What are the necessary conceptual changes in physics for discovering the energy of the future 104 Kyritsis Konstantinos PART C Management 112 The benefits of improving e-government services in Greece for openess and communication Georgopoulos Lambros, Reklitis Panagiotis, Anastasiou Sofia and Nathanailides Cosmas 113 The innovation management within companies: which evolution, during 50 years, in Tunisian sustainable industrial companies? Khadija Ben Jbara and Slim Khalbous 121 Description of Business Model for Innovative Agroforestry Consulting Co Vrahnakis Michael and Stamatia Nasiakou 158 Analysis of Changes in Employment of Occupational Categories in the region of Epirus in the period 2000-2012 Xanthos George, Ladias Christos and Christos Genitsaropoulos 175 PART D Tourism 187 Agro-tourism entrepreneurship in mountain areas and Community Initiative LEADER Pitoska Electra and Romanos – Vasileios Araviadis 188 New e-Tourism Services Development: The Case of Greek Winter Tourism E- Business Innovation Darousis Eleftherios and Fotis Kitsios 203 4 st Proceedings: 1 International Conference on Applied Innovation. 13-14/09/2013. Arta, Greece. ISSN CD ROM 2241-6870, ISSN ON LINE 2241-6862 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit. T. E. I. of Epirus Innovative entrepreneurship in Greek SMEs and the Use of English as an International language Besas Georgios and Dimitrios Tsakiris 214 “Avatour”: An intelligent avatar based virtual touristic guide Katsis Christos D., Dogoriti Eleftheria and Martha Paschou 228 PART E Health 242 Parents Infant Massage Classes as a Function of Adult Education Charissi Athina, Mantziou Stratoula and Mariliza Pontikou 243 Professionals in Health, Early Care & Education in Applying Infant Massage Oikonomou Vasiliki, Mantziou Stratoula, Axnoula Georgia and Xristrina Siolou 255 Educational Settings and the application of psycho-motric activities Zioga Εugenia, Kotsis Theofanis and Vasiliki Karavida 262 The Structure and the Functional Characteristics of the Developmental Center of Infant Massage in ΤΕΙ of Epirus Mantziou Stratoula, Achnoula Georgia, Tallarou Maria-Christina and Vasiliki Karavida 269 Globalization and flexible working arrangements: telework and disabled individuals Aroni Elpis and Eirini Vamvakari 279 Special theoretical appendix I Honorary exceptional participation: Steve Asikin 308 Finance. Risk and Management Perspective in Comprehensive Interactive. Interdisciplinary Micro-Macro Economic International Accounting Architecture of High Uncertainty Complex Fiscal Structure and Monetary Factor Relations : Y=[C+S]=[C+I]=R=PQ=[1/K]{[G-T]+[O-F][1+E]^N}=[1/Z]([X-M]+L- [A/V]{[1+V]^U-1}) 309 Special appendix II Business innovative applications: Sterling D. Allan 432 Top 5 Exotic Free Energy Technologies Closest to Market 433 Epilogue 440 5 st Proceedings: 1 International Conference on Applied Innovation. 13-14/09/2013. Arta, Greece. ISSN CD ROM 2241-6870, ISSN ON LINE 2241-6862 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit. T. E. I. of Epirus PART A Entrepreneurship 6 st Proceedings: 1 International Conference on Applied Innovation. 13-14/09/2013. Arta, Greece. ISSN CD ROM 2241-6870, ISSN ON LINE 2241-6862 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit. T. E. I. of Epirus Entrepreneurship Environments as living systems: an autopoietic approach Ioannis E. Kougias Automation Department, Technological Educational Institute of Messolonghi, Messolonghi, Greece E-mail: st Proceedings: 1 International Conference on Applied Innovation. 13-14/09/2013. Arta, Greece. ISSN CD ROM 2241-6870, ISSN ON LINE 2241-6862 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit. T. E. I. of Epirus 1. Introduction In the emerging market economies the sustained economic growth based on the use of innovation has come forward as the major objective of government policy. A major obstacle to innovation seems to be the insufficient communication and collaboration between the scientific community and industry. The absence of closer links between science and industry is a significant shortcoming since, in modern economies, the linear model of innovation has become ineffective and interaction between innovation stakeholders is a key to success. Fostering technology transfer from universities to companies would facilitate the collaboration between the scientific community and business operators (e.g. Vasilyev, 2012). In that sense, we conjecture that significant improvements can be obtained by defining entrepreneurship environments using a theoretical framework able to address the complexity of such dynamic contexts. Entrepreneurship environments are human (producers, vendors, customers) activity spaces populated with multiple computer systems and networks of different types, which are able to store, manage and exchange data. Each entrepreneurship environment constitutes a significant driving force of economic growth, job creation and productivity enhancement. These environments are studied in terms of their processes of innovation, interaction and competitiveness, and thus, plethora of mechanisms has been developed in order to adjust them to factors, such as agglomeration, division of labor and specialization. These environments are often characterized by transformation and unpredictability and in order to be innovative, strict distinctions must be drawn between being “disruptive” or “continuous”, “radical” or “incremental”, “adaptable” to various contexts or “impervious” to external perturbations. The overriding idea is that autopoietic theory has the potential to clarify those distinctions and provide a coherent framework for the study of entrepreneurship environments. It refers to the idea that some systems arise through a circular process in which they self-produce their own components. In this paper, we argue that viewing Entrepreneurship Environments (EEs) as living systems and autopoiesis as a metaphor for planning management strategies in EEs, 8 st Proceedings: 1 International Conference on Applied Innovation. 13-14/09/2013. Arta, Greece. ISSN CD ROM 2241-6870, ISSN ON LINE 2241-6862 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit. T. E. I. of Epirus offers a viable perspective for addressing the complexity of changes occurring in such dynamic contexts. In this perspective, in section 2, the key dimensions that characterize the EEs are briefly presented. In section 3, gives an overview of the concept of autopoiesis, while in section 4, the analogy between autopoietic systems and EEs is presented. Finally, section 5 concludes the paper. 2. Entrepreneurship Environments (EEs) as living systems Sustainable EEs are complex dynamic systems bound together by links comprised of personal networks, economic relationships, and implicit and explicit knowledge exchanges. As such, they appear to be on the borderline of living systems, whose systemic characteristics include a trend to return to equilibrium and to be resistant to evolutionary change. To facilitate the creation of new EEs’ ventures and to activate entrepreneurship, whose first step is creating entrepreneurial environments in which prospective entrepreneurs raise their vision of new venture creation and make a decision to realize this vision (e.g. Lee, 2010), one must take into account the following key dimensions in order to offer optimum Entrepreneurship Environments (EEs) (e.g. Gibb, 2002; Martin and Sunley, 2003; Nousala, 2006; Hall and Nousala, 2007).  To survive in competitive environments, EEs must assemble, deploy, preserve and replicate knowledge to environmental demands.  To be sustainable, EEs must align certain kinds of dynamic interactions among those facilitated by geographic proximity.  To be effective, EEs must identify the factors that may contribute significantly to their total success, such as access to new ideas, to specialized services and to highly skilled and specialized staff.  There is also required a remarkable integration of the various layers both at the regulatory and the structural level of EEs, that is, to identify the components that are connected by functional links. 9 st Proceedings: 1 International Conference on Applied Innovation. 13-14/09/2013. Arta, Greece. ISSN CD ROM 2241-6870, ISSN ON LINE 2241-6862 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit. T. E. I. of Epirus  Being autonomous, as another prerequisite, in the context of EEs, does not mean independent or isolated but that their resources (tangible or intangible) must be sufficient to reproduce themselves, as far as possible .  To be self-identifiable, EEs must recognize the endogenous and exogenous barriers to be addressed, such as entrepreneurship personality dimensions on one hand and global crisis on the other, in order to properly and on time correspond with possible solutions.  To be innovative, EEs must abrogate the linear fashion of planning their activities and adopting the cyclic paths of nature, that is, establish unbroken network of connected components with no start or stop, in order to be adaptable to continuously changing contexts.  To be diagnostic, EEs must interact synergistically with homogeneous dynamic entities able to sustain themselves as economic dynamos, by consciously design or direct the right processes.  To be recuperable, EEs must appropriately manage their implicit knowledge, represented in, for example, undocumented routines, jargons and tacit relationships among human resources.  To be controllable, EEs must recursively conduct feedback mechanisms maintaining the stability of information flow between the observer (the market) and their existence as a unity, in order to avoid disintegration .  To be updated, EEs must observe changes in the behavior of competitors’ reactions and act properly by formatting a hypothesis or plan of action .  To be statutory, EEs must obey to government policies and procedures and to institutional ecology, in order to be able to measure and evaluate the predefined indexes of their success. Thus, living with, dealing with and manipulating uncertainty and complexity of EEs requires a need to move away from the conventional focus of traditional EEs’ creation and maintenance to a broader concept based upon an understanding of EEs as wholes which can be self-organized and in total harmony with different contexts. 3. Biological theory of EEs 10