RIIODORA, Vol. No. 925, 66-76, 2004 106, pp. NEW ENGLAND NOTE INLAND SANDY ACID PONDSHORES THE LOWER CONNECTICUT RIVER VALLEY, IN HAMPDEN COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS Tad M. Zebryk AL Box Daphne. 36526 P.O. 2191, known The flora and plant communities of coastal plain ponds arc well in Massachusetts, having been the subject of intensive field studies related to rare plant and habitat conservation for this distinctive natural known community However, about inland type. relatively little is Commonwealth pondshore vegetation the (Swain and Kearsley 2000), in possibly due to the requirement for sampling to coincide with suitable conditions a protracted period of drought and resulting water level (i.e., may drawdown; few an interval o( a to several years pass before these conditions optimum). Extended severe drought and low groundwater are summer levels during the of 2002 afforded a unique opportunity to qualitatively survey the and plant communities of drawn-down flora Lower exposed sandy pondshores Connecticut River at 13 sites in the Hampden County, Valley, Massachusetts. known Surveys o( ponds to have, or suspected to have, areas of exposed sandy shores were conducted the towns of Springfield. in Longmeadow, Ludlow, and Wilbraham (Table should be noted 1). It that Lake Lorraine and Five Mile Pond are essentially the same pond, separated into two parts by a railroad embankment. The perimeter of each pond was surveyed on foot in order to identify areas of exposed sandy shores and to qualitatively assess plant species composition and community immediate Access zonation the vicinity of the shore. to in was the larger water bodies facilitated by the use of a canoe. PHYSICAL FHATURHS The ponds were located within a 10-mile radius of Springfield, the largest city in a densely populated physiographic province of west-central known Massachusetts Connecticut River Valley Lowlands (Motts as the The and O'Brien 198 area distinguished by low, broad, north-south a is ). 1 by river valley transected linear basalt ridges with high relative All relief. ponds o\ the visited occurred in areas of deep, acidic, well drained to 66 6 - New England Note 67 2004] Hampden Tabic Location of survey inland sandy acid pondshores, sites, 1. County, Massachusetts. (Latitude/longitude coordinates expressed degrees. in minutes. seconds.) Area No. Town Site Latitude Longitude (acres) Species Pond Five Mile Springfield 42.08.30 72.30.40 36 81 Lake Lorraine Springfield 42.08.44 72.30.50 27 69 MonaLake Springfield 42.08.33 72.31.16 75 11 Loon Pond Springfield 42.08.36 72.29.57 29 62 Bass Pond Springfield 42.06.25 72.30.07 12 45 Dimmock Pond Springfield 42.08.56 72.29.27 10 72 Long Pond Springfield 42.09. 72.30.30 18 71 1 Spectacle Pond Wilbraham 42.08.59 72.26.19 16 68 Longmeadow Longmeadow Pond 42.02.03 72.32.29 6 53 Minechoag Pond Ludlow 42.09.46 72.27.36 21 87 GamachePond Ludlow 42.10.14 72.29.18 15 81 Pond Ludlow Haviland 42.10.21 72.28.29 25 58 Murphy Pond Ludlow 42.10.17 72.29.37 67 8 excessively drained coarse-textured sediments associated glaciofluvial with to gently sloping glacial outwash plains and terraces (Hartshorn flat and Koteff 1967). Several of the ponds occurred kettlehole depressions. in dominated by Hinckley-Windsor-Merrimac Soils in the area are the Swenson association (Mott and 1978). Regional vegetation pre- is dominantly the pitch pine-oak type described by Westveld et al. (1956). much Pond size varied in area from as small as 6 acres to as as 36 acres (Five Mile Pond, Springfield), with most ponds surveyed being around 18 acres size (McCann and Daly 1972). However, the area of in exposed sandy from and shoreline present varied greatly site to site, overall pond size was not necessarily proportional to the amount of sandy pondshore habitat present. The extent of exposed sandy substrate morphometry appeared be largely determined by basin basins to (i.e., with shallow, very gently sloping areas tend to have more sandy littoral substrate exposed following relatively small reductions in water level). The drawdown may frequency, magnitude, and duration of also influence the amount of exposed sandy substrate by hastening the decomposition (oxidation) of organic matter admixed with mineral sediment (Zaremba and Lamont 1993). FLORA AND VEGITATION One hundred twelve species of vascular plants were observed the at ponds during the course of the 2002 field survey (Appendix). Although 68 Rhodora [Vol. 106 shoreline vegetation was not quantitatively sampled at any of the 13 sites, easily discernible generalized vegetation /ones separated on the basis five of gross physiognomy and relative elevation position were present at most of the ponds; these zones correspond to those described for coastal New ponds on Long York (Zaremba and Lamont plain Island, 1993). Brief descriptions of the zones are given below, and are listed in order from upland border pond Nomenclature follows the to the interior. Gleason and Cronquist 1991 Voucher specimens have been deposited ). ( New England Club Eastern Illinois University (eiu), the Botanical at Herbarium and Michigan (nrbc), the University (\ncii). o\' - Zone Wetland shrub and tree thicket the upland border. at 1 Common common Nyssa and Acer trees include sylvatica rubruni: Cephalanthus Vaccinium corymbosum, and shrubs include occidentalism common Alnus serrulata. Other less shrubs include Myrica vale, Rhamnus Clethra alnifolia, frangula, and Lyonia ligustrina. - Zone 2 Tall herbaceous and graminoid species or slightly above at Common mean the approximate elevation o\ high water. elements Lythrum Decodon Polygonum include salicaria, verticillatus, pensyl- vanicum, P. careyi, P. lapathifolium, P. sagittatum, Leersia oryzoides, Panicum dichotomiflorum Echinochloa muricata muricata. Scirpus var. , cyperinus, Epilobium ciliatum var. ciliatum, Verbena hastata, Bidens may much connata, and Eupatorium perfoliatum. Plant height reach as 4-6 as feet in this zone, indicating probable persistence o\ individuals from year to year from surviving perennial rootstocks; stem densities are Most typically quite high. of the species listed for this zone are typical of eutrophic wetland environments, and probably extraneous reflect nitrogen inputs from developed residential areas on adjacent uplands. - Low Zone herbaceous zone on predominantly sandy 3 species sediments exposed during seasonal or intermittent drawdown, typified by a great diversity of low, mostly annual, herbaceous and graminoid among common species. Included the species are Cyperus dentatus, C. erythrorhizos, C. strigosus, C. bipar C. squarrosus, Hemicarpha titus, micrantha, autumnalis, Rhynchospora J uncus Finihristylis capitellata, brevicaudatus acuminatus, canadensis, pelocarpus, tenuis, J. J. ./. ,/. , Panicum rigidulum, Bidens cernua, Erechtites Gnaphalium liieraciifolia, Hypericum Polygonum uliginosum, canadense, mutilum. hydropiper, II . hydropiperoides, punctatum, Lycopus Lindernia dubia P. P. unijlorus, var. dubia, L. dubia var. anagallidea, and Agalinis purpurea var. New England Note 69 2004| purpurea. Density of vegetation in this zone varies from sparse cover to dense carpets of plants with or no unvegetated sandy substrate. little many Species diversity per unit area also typically quite high; as as 15 is Minechoag species were noted within a one square yard area at Pond, Ludlow. However, species composition zone highly variable in this is may Zarcmba Lamont from site to site, and as noted by and (1993), there Due be great variability composition from year to year. to the semi- in Zone permanently flooded hydrologic regime these ponds. 3 species at may not be present every year due to high water levels. - Low Zone 4 herbacous and emergent species on semi-permanent ly Common flooded organic-rich pond bottom sediments. species include Eleocharis ovata, E.flavescens, E. palustris, Scirpus smithii, pungens, S. Dulichium arundinaceum, Juncus pelocarpus, Sagittaria graminea var. graminea, Eriocaulon aquaticum, Ludwigia palustris, Gratiola aurea, Lindernia dubia var. dubia, and Utricularia gibba. Emergent species with floating leaves found stranded on the exposed bottom include Nuphar Nymphaea Potamogeton variegata, odorata, Brasenia schreberi, and Organic sediment accumulations epihydrus, P. bicupulatus. in may exposed pond bottom be deep depending on basin areas quite morphometry. At Gamache Pond, Ludlow, revealed a soil pit 3.5 vertical feet of muck overlying basal mineral sediment in one portion of the pond During of 2002 extended severe drought, dessicating interior. the fall after organic sediments on the exposed bottom of Gamache Pond were deeply many fissured to the basal mineral horizon in areas. - Zone 5 Emergent and aquatic species in permanently flooded Common Zone portions of the pond. emergent or floating species in 5 Nuphar Nymphaea Brasenia include variegata, odorata, schreberi, Potamogeton epihydrus, P. bicupulatus, and Utricularia vulgaris. may Emergent species with floating leaves (particularly N. odorata) much pond locally cover of the surface. AND RARE SPECIES I.ORISTICS I Lower Sandy exposed pondshores Connecticut River the at sites in Valley support a suite of distinctive plant species similar to those that New occur on sandy pondshores on the coastal plain of southern may England and further south. These disjunct distributions be the result of recent chance northward dispersal of propagules by migrant bird may remnants southern species, or represent of a relict flora that 70 Rhodora [Vol. 106 New extended northward into England via the Connecticul River Valley during the postglacial hypsithennal period (see Zebryk 1991). The Rhynchospora species are as follows: Sagittaria teres, scirpoides, R. Carex Panicum verrucosum, Xyris longii, difformis var. /, J Hemicarpha difformis, Fimhristylis autumnalis, micrantha, Fuirena pumila, ./uncus pelocarpus, Eriocaulon aquaticum, Scleria reticularis Mona Andrews (historic occurrence at Lake, Springfield; 1924), Rotala Hypericum ramosior, Rhexia virginica, mutilum. Gratiola aurea, and Viola lanceolata. Several of these species Sagittaria teres, (i.e., Rhynchospora scirpoides, Fuirena pumila, Scleria reticularis, and Commonwealth, Rotala ramosior) are quite rare the particularly so in in western Massachusetts where they are disjunct (Sorrie and Somers and seem be sandy pondshore community 1999), to specific to the type. uncommon Although not considered in this habitat type in the coastal counties of Massachusetts. verrucosum tew sandy P. also disjunct a is at pondshores in western Massachusetts. Andrews (1924) recorded the occurrence of the coastal plain species, Orontium aquaticum in a "pool" Mona approximately one mile southwest of Lake; however, species this was not observed any of the 2002. at sites in Although bearing pondshores floristic similarities to coastal plain Massachusetts, inland pondshores western Massachusetts appear in in have to significant differences terms of composition. This can be in number expressed primarily by the absence of a large of species (mostly rare) that are described as being characteristic of, or specific to, pondshores the coastal counties and on Long For comparison in Island. see Swain and Kearsley (2000) and Zaremba and Lamont (1993). During 2002 the course of the field surveys, a significantly large, unknown previously population of the stale-endangered species Rotala ramosior was discovered cove Minechoau a the northeast corner of in at Pond, Ludlow. Occurring both on exposed sands and organic pond bottom sediments Zones 3 and many thousands of flowering and (i.e., 4), fruiting Rotala individuals were observed in association with typical Zone much and 4 species. This population was both terms of 3 larger in number area and of individuals compared the population Ashley to at Reservoir, Holyoke, which formerly was the only known occurrence o( Rotala in similar habitat in western Massachusetts (Zebryk 1998). Also Minechoag Pond was present at a large population of Ludwigia polycarpa comprising tens of thousands of individuals distributed over most of the shoreline in Zones 2 and 3. Primarily a midwestern species, L. polycarpa New eastern range western England, and considered is at its limit in is threatened Massachusetts. Other species of found Minechoag in interest at New England Note 71 2004] Pond Panicum include philadelphicum, P. verrucosum, Xyris difformis Polygonum Eriocaulon aquaticum, and Proserpi- var. difformis, careyi, na ca palustris. A remarkably large population of Rhynchospora scirpoides consisting Gam of thousands of individuals was observed Zones 3 and 4 ache in at among Pond, Ludlow, where occurred dense, lawn-like assemblage a it of graminoid and herbaceous species. Notable associates included Panicum R. macrostachya, R. capitellata, R. alba, Fuirena pumila, philadelphicum, Xyris difformis var. difformis, Eriocaulon aquaticum, Gamache Pond and Drosera intermedia. During the early of 2002, fall was the only site visited that had drawn down to the extent that no ponded was water present in the basin. suspected that the hydrological It is regime at this site has changed over the years, as there has been woody encroachment (Decodon Ceph- considerable plant verticillatus, many alanthus occidentalis) into portions of the basin interior. Collections of Carex (Lake Lorraine, T.M. Zebryk 7839, mich) longii and Gnaphalium purpureum purpureum (Five Mile Pond, T.M. var. Hampden Zebryk 7784, mich) are apparent County records, and known represent disjunct populations of species previously only from Somers Ray coastal counties in Massachusetts (Sorrie and 1999; Angelo, nebc, pers. comm.). Gnaphalium exceedingly rare throughout is New England (Brumback and Mehrhoff 1996). et al. member showy Callistephus chinensis, a annual of the Asteraceae native to East Asia, was documented for the the time in Massachusetts first Growing Bass Pond, Springfield (T.M. Zebryk 7981 nebc). without at , cultivation and evidently originating from seed, a single depauperate plant was observed with other low native and introduced annual herbaceous species on a portion of sandy exposed pondshore. This taxon has been New Mount Maine recorded only once before England, Desert Island, in at (Ray Angelo, nebc). acknowledgments. thank A. A. Reznicek determination con- for I firmations and for the identification of Panicum meridionale and Carex also thank Ray Angelo and David Boufford (nebc) for providing longii. I plant distribution information, and for the determination of Callistephus chinensis. Finally, extend special thanks to Marjorie C. Zebryk. I CUED LITERATURE Andrews, L. 1924. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of Springfield Museum MA. Massachusetts. No. Natural History, Springfield, Bull. 3, 72 Rhodora 106 [Vol. Brumback, W. and New E. L. Mhiiriioff, et al. 1996. Flora Conservanckr. J. New England. The England Conservation Program (NEPCoP) Plant lisl oi~ plants need of conservation. Rhodora 98: 233-361. in Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern New United States and Adjacent Canada. 2nd ed. The York Botanical Garden, NY. Bronx. Hartshorn, H. and C. Kotefk 1967. Geologic map the Springfield South J. oi' Hampden Map quadrangle, County, Massachusetts. GQ-678, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, DC. McCann, A. and L. M. Daly. 1972. An inventory the ponds, lakes and J. o\' - Hampden reservoirs of Massachusetts and Hampshire Counties. Publ. No. 10- MA. Water Resources Research Center, Univ. Massachusetts. Amherst, 4, Mott, and Swenson. Hampden J. R. E. 1978. Soil survey of County. Central Part. I. .S.I). A. Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with Massachusetts Agric. I MA. Exp. Univ. Massachusetts, Amherst, Sta., Motts, W. and A. O'Brien. 1981. Geology and hydrology of wetlands S. L. in Massachusetts. Publ. No. 123. Water Resources Research Center, Univ. MA. Massachusetts, Amherst. A Sorrie, B. A. and P. Somi:rs. 1999. The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: County Checklist. Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, Massachusetts MA. Div. Fish. Wildl., Westborough, Swain, P. C. and B. Kearsley. 2000. Classification of the Natural Communities of J. Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program. (draft). MA. Massachusetts Div. Fish. Wildl., Westborouah. Whstvhld, M. New 1956. Natural forest vegetation /ones of England. Forest. 54: J. 332-338. Zaremba, and Lamont. The R. E. E. E. 1993. status of the coastal plain pondshore New community York. Torrcy Club 180-187. Bull. Bot. 120: in New Zebryk. T. M. 1991. Holocene paleoecology of a forested peatland Central in USA. MA. England, M.F.S. Harvard Cambridge, thesis. Univ., 1998. Biological surveys of East Mountain Wildlife Management Area . Hampden and vicinity, Co.. Massachusetts. Unpubl. Report. Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, Massachusetts Div. Fish. Wildl.. Westborough, MA. APPENDIX FLORISTIC COMPARISON, INLAND SANDY ACID PONDSHORES, HAMPDEN COUNTY. MASSACHUSETTS Site name abbreviations: Five Mile Pond (FIVE): Lake Lorraine (LORR); Mona Lake (MONA); Loon Pond (LOON); Bass Pond (BASS); Dimmock Pond (DIMM); Long Pond (LONG); Spectacle Pond (SPEC); Longmeadow Pond (LOME); Minechoag Pond (MINE); Gamache Pond (GAMA); Haviland Pond (HA VI); = Murphy Pond (MURP). HIST historic occurrence. Voucher specimens on deposit numbers at NF.nr, Mini, i-.iu; the author's collection are in italics. LILIOPSIDA (Monocots) - LORR, MONA, DIMM, alismataceae. engelmanniana FIVE, Sagittaria SPEC, LOME, MINE, GAMA, MURP; 7801, 7939. Sagittaria graminea var. New England Note 73 2()()4| MONA, graminea - FIVE. LORR, LOON, BASS, DIMM, LONG. SPEC, MINE. GAMA. MURP: -FIVE, LORR. SPEC: 7799. 7912. Sagittaria teres 7800, 7X41. - cyperaceae. Carex longii—LOKR; 7839. Cyperus FIVE, LORR, bipartitus MONA, LOON, DIMM, LONG, SPEC. MINE. GAMA, HAVI, MURP; 7768, 7843. MONA, Cyperus dentatus - FIVE, LORR, LOON. BASS, DIMM, LONG, SPEC, LOME, GAMA, MINE, HAVI, MURP: - 7790. 7804, 7821, 7852. Cyperus diandrus MONA, DIMM. GAMA; FIVE, MINE, - 7786, 7950. Cyperus erythrorhizos FIVE. MONA, LORR, LOON, BASS. DIMM, LONG, SPEC, LOME, MINE, GAMA, HAVI, MURP; - LORR, MONA, 7769. 7908. 7937. Cyperus squarrosus FIVE, LOON. DIMM, GAME. SPEC. MINE. HAVI; - Cyperus FIVE, 7897. strigosus MONA. LORR, LOON. BASS. DIMM. LONG. SPEC, LOME, MINE, GAMA. HAVI, MURP; - MONA. 7819. 7865. 7941. Dulichium arundinaceum FIVE, LOON, DIMM, LONG. SPEC, MINE. GAMA. MURP: 7850, 7956. Eleocharis MONA. - FIVE. LORR. LOON, BASS. DIMM. LONG. SPEC. LOME. acicularis GAMA, MURP: MINE. HAVI, - LORR, 7781. Eleocharis FIVE, flavescens MONA, LOON. DIMM. LONG, SPEC, MINE, GAMA. HAVI. MURP: 7785, 7810. MONA, - LORR. LOON, DIMM, LONG. Eleocharis ovata FIVE, BASS, SPEC, LOME, MINE, GAMA, HAVI, MURP; - 7924. 7931. 7940. Eleocharis palustris LORR, MONA, LOON, DIMM. LONG, GAMA, FIVE, SPEC, MINE, HAVI. MURP; MONA, - LORR, LOON, 7914. Fimhristylis autumnalis FIVE, BASS, DIMM. LONG, LOME, GAMA, MURP; SPEC, MINE, HAVI, 7772. 7818. 7906. - MONA. GAMA; Fuirena pumila FIVE. SPEC, MINE, 7823, 7863, 7902. Hcmicarpha mierantha - FIVE. LORR. MONA. LOON, SPEC, MINE, GAMA. GAMA; HAVI; - 7788, 7842; 7895. Rhynchospora alba 7959. Rhynchospora MONA, - FIVE. LORR. LOON. BASS. DIMM. LONG, SPEC, LOME, capitellata GAMA, MINE, HAVI, MURP; - 7771, 7846. 7898. Rhynchospora macrostachya MONA GAMA: - GAMA: SPEC. 7862; 7957. Rhynchospora scirpoides (HIST), MONA. 7943. Scirpus cyperinus - LOON, DIMM. LONG. SPEC. MINE. GAMA. MURP. - LORR, MONA. LOON, DIMM. Scirpus pungens FIVE, SPEC, GAMA, HAVI. MURP. - FIVE, LORR, MONA, LOON, BASS. Scirpus smithii DIMM, LONG, SPEC, LOME, MINE. GAMA. HAVI. MURP; 7809. 7905. 7933. MONA - SPEC; - 7948. Scirpus validus 7859. Scleria reticularis (HIST). MONA, - LORR, LOON, LONG, ERIOCAULACEAE. Eriocaulon aquaticum FIVE, GAMA, SPEC, MINE, HAVI; 7778, 7899. juncaceae. ./uncus acuminatus - FIVE, LORR. MONA, LOON. BASS, DIMM. LONG, SPEC, LOME, MINE. GAMA. HAVI, MURP. - ./uncus brevicaudalus LORR, MONA, DIMM, LONG, LOME, GAMA: FIVE, SPEC, MINE. 7767. 7952. - LORR, MONA, LOON. DIMM, LONG. ./uncus canadensis FIVE, BASS. SPEC, LOME. GAMA. MURP; MINE. HAVI. - 7811, 7953. ./uncus marginatus FIVE. LORR, LOON, LONG. GAMA. - SPEC. MINE. LORR. ./uncus pelocarpus FIVE. MONA, LOON, BASS. DIMM. LONG. SPEC. LOME. MINE, GAMA, HAVI. MURP; 7793. 7860. 7904. ./uncus tenuis - FIVE. LORR. LOON. BASS. DIMM. ' 7 7 7 LONG, SPEC, MINE. HAVI; 7766, 7783. MONA, LOME, - MINE; POACEAE. FIVE, Digitaria 7829. 7916. filiform is MONA, - LORR, LOON, Echinochloa muricata muricata FIVE, BASS, var. Rhodora 74 [Vol. 106 DIMM, LONG, SPEC, LOMH. MINE, GAMA. HAVE MURP; 7854. Eleusine HAVE MONA, indica - FIVE, LORR. 7795. Leersia oryzoides - FIVE. LORR. LOON, BASS, DIMM. LONG. SPEC. LOME. MINE. GAMA. HAVI. MURP; - LORR. MONA. LOON. BASS. DIMM. Panicum FIVE. 7949. dichotomiflorum LONG. SPEC. LOME, MINE. GAMA. HAVI. MURP: Panicum 7808, 7810, 7893. - LORR. MONA. LOME. MINE: lanuginosum fasciculatum 7807, 7838. var. - DIMM; - LORR, Panicum meridionale 7851 Panicum philadelphicum FIVE, . MONA, DIMM, SPEC, LOME, MINE, GAMA: 7820, 7822. 7911. 7960. Panicum - LORR. MONA. LOON. DIMM. LONG. SPEC. LOME, MINE, rigidulum FIVE. GAMA. MONA. DIMM - MINE: Poa Panicum verrucosum (HIST). 7871, 7903. GAMA: - LONG. > 780 7773. palustris MONA, - LORR, LOON, potamogetonaceae. Potamogeton hicupulatus FIVE, - DIMM. LONG. SPEC, MINE, HAVI, MURP; 7776. Potamogeton epihydrus FIVE. LORR, MONA, LOON, BASS, DIMM, LONG, SPEC, LOME. MINE, GAMA, HAVI, MURP. - MONA. LONG. MINE. SPARGANIACEAE. Sparganium amcricanum SPEC. GAMA. MURP: 7858. GAMA; - LOME. MINE. xyridaceae. FIVE. 7896. Xyris difformis var. difformis 7934. MAGNOLIOPSIDA (Dicots) MONA, ACERACEAE. Acer rubrum - FIVE, LORR, LOON, BASS, DIMM, LONG, GAMA, LOME, MURP. SPEC, MINE, HAVI, ASTERACEAE. Bidens ccrnua - FIVE, LORR, MONA, LOON, BASS, DIMM. LONG. SPEC, LOME. MINE, GAMA. HAVI. MURP: - 7917. 7951. Bidens connata FIVE. LORR, MONA. LOON. BASS. DIMM. LONG. SPEC. LOME. MINE. GAMA. HAVI. MURP; - BASS; 7954. Callistephus chinensis 7981. Erechtites -FIVE, LORR. MONA. LOON. BASS, DIMM. LONG. SPEC. LOME. hieraciifolia GAMA, MINE, HAVI, MURP; - LORR, 7923. Eupatorium perfoliatum FIVE, MONA, LOON, BASS, DIMM. LONG. SPEC, LOME, MINE, GAMA, HAVI, MURP: - BASS; purpweum 7855. (inapludium obtusifolium 7982. Gnaphaliwn purpureum - FIVE: 7784. Gnaphalium uliginosum - FIVE. LORR. MONA. var. LOON. DIMM. LONG. LOME. GAMA. MURP: BASS. SPEC. MINE. HAVI. 7794. 7915. betulaceae. Abuts - FIVE. LORR. MONA, LOON, BASS, DIMM, serrulate! GAMA, LONG, SPEC, LOME, MINE, HAVI, MURP. - LONG: Cardamine brassicaceae. pensylvanica 776(7. Rorippa palustris var. - LONG: fernaldiana 7763. - LORR. MONA, LOON, DIMM. cabombaceae. Brasenia schreberi FIVE, LONG. SPEC, MINE, HAVI. MURP. New 2004] England Note 75 CLETHRACEAE. - FIVE. LOON. DIMM, LONG. LOME, MINE, Clellira aliiifolia GAMA. MONA, - LORR, LOON, CLUSIACEAE. Hypericum canadense FIVE, BASS. DIMM. LONG. LOME. GAMA. MURP; SPEC. MINE. HAVI. 7757, 7817, 77<S'9, MONA, 7909. Hypericum mutilum - FIVE. LORR. LOON, BASS, DIMM, LONG, SPEC, LOME, MINE, GAMA. HAVI. MURP; - LONG; 7946. Triadenum fraseri 7759. Triadenum virginicum - FIVE. MONA. DIMM, LONG. MINE. GAMA. MURP: 7847. GAMA: - DKOSERACEAE. Drosera intermedia 7935. - LORR, LOON. DIMM, LONG, ERICACEAE. Lyonia FIVE. SPEC, ligustrina LOME. MINE. GAMA. - LORR, MONA. LOON, Yaccinium corymhosum FIVE. BASS, DIMM. LONG. SPEC. LOME. MINE. GAMA, HAVI, MURP. EUPHORBlACEAK. Euphorbia maculata - FIVE. LORR, LOON, BASS, DIMM, LONG, HAVI: 7827. HALORAGACEAE. Myriophyllum - FIVE, LORR, DIMM, MINE, GAMA, lutmile MURP; GAMA: - MINE. 7894. Proserpinaca palustris 7901. 7958. lamiaceae. Lycopus - MINE: Lycopus - FIVE, americaiitis 792<S'. uniflorus LORR, MONA, LOON. DIMM. LONG. LOME, GAMA, SPEC. MINE, HAVI, MURP. Mentha - LONG. MINE: arvensis 7918. - LORR. MONA, LOON. DIMM. leyi IBULARIACEAE. Ulricularia gibba FIVE. LONG, SPEC, LOME. MINE, GAMA, HAVI. MURP; 7765. 7932. Utricularia MONA - MINE; - purpurea 7926. Ulricularia resupinata (HIST). Utricularia MONA. - LORR. LONG. MURP. FIVE. SPEC. MINE. HAVI, vulgaris MONA. LVTHRACEAE. Decodon - FIVE. LORR. LOON, BASS, verticillatus DIMM, LONG, SPEC, LOME, MINE. GAMA, HAVI, MURP; 7955. Lythrum - LORR. MONA, LOON, DIMM, LONG, LOME. FIVE, BASS, SPEC, saiicaria GAMA. MINE. HAVI. MURP: - MINE; 7826. Rotala ramosior 7922. GAMA; MELASTOMATaceak. Rhe.xia virginica - FIVE, LOME, 7849. myricaceae. Myrica - FIVE. LORR. LOON. DIMM, LONG, LOME. MINE. gale GAMA, MURP. HAVI, nymphaeaceae. Nuphar - FIVE, LORR, MONA, LOON, BASS, variegata DIMM. LONG. SPEC. MINE. GAMA. HAVI. MURP: Nymphaea - 7947. odorata MONA. GAMA. FIVE. LORR, LOON, BASS. DIMM. LONG. SPEC. MINE. MURP. HAVI, nyssaceae. Nyssa sylvadca - FIVE. LORR, MONA, LOON, BASS, DIMM. LONG. LOME. GAMA. MURP: SPEC. MINE. HAVI, 7857.