IFIP AICT 501 Yuko Murayama Dimiter Velev Plamena Zlateva Jose J. Gonzalez (Eds.) Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction First IFIP TC 5 DCITDRR International Conference, ITDRR 2016 Sofia, Bulgaria, November 16–18, 2016 Revised Selected Papers 123 IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology 501 Editor-in-Chief Kai Rannenberg, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany Editorial Board TC 1 – Foundations of Computer Science Jacques Sakarovitch, Télécom ParisTech, France TC 2 – Software: Theory and Practice Michael Goedicke, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany TC 3 – Education Arthur Tatnall, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia TC 5 – Information Technology Applications Erich J. Neuhold, University of Vienna, Austria TC 6 – Communication Systems Aiko Pras, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands TC 7 – System Modeling and Optimization Fredi Tröltzsch, TU Berlin, Germany TC 8 – Information Systems Jan Pries-Heje, Roskilde University, Denmark TC 9 – ICT and Society Diane Whitehouse, The Castlegate Consultancy, Malton, UK TC 10 – Computer Systems Technology Ricardo Reis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil TC 11 – Security and Privacy Protection in Information Processing Systems Steven Furnell, Plymouth University, UK TC 12 – Artificial Intelligence Ulrich Furbach, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany TC 13 – Human-Computer Interaction Marco Winckler, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France TC 14 – Entertainment Computing Matthias Rauterberg, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands IFIP – The International Federation for Information Processing IFIP was founded in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, following the first World ComputerCongressheldinParisthepreviousyear.Afederationforsocietiesworking in information processing, IFIP’s aim is two-fold: to support information processing in the countries of its members and to encourage technology transfer to developing na- tions. As its mission statement clearly states: IFIP is the global non-profit federation of societies of ICT professionals that aims at achieving a worldwide professional and socially responsible development and applicationofinformationandcommunicationtechnologies. IFIP is a non-profit-making organization, run almost solely by 2500 volunteers. It operates through a number of technical committees and working groups, which organize events and publications. IFIP’s events range from large international open conferences to working conferences and local seminars. The flagship event is the IFIP World Computer Congress, at which both invited and contributed papers are presented. Contributed papers are rigorously refereed and the rejectionrateishigh. As with the Congress, participation in the open conferences is open to all and papers may be invited or submitted. Again, submitted papers are stringently refereed. The working conferences are structured differently. They are usually run by a work- ing group and attendance is generally smaller and occasionally by invitation only. Their purpose is to create an atmosphere conducive to innovation and development. Referee- ing is also rigorous and papers are subjected to extensive group discussion. Publications arising from IFIP events vary. The papers presented at the IFIP World Computer Congress and at open conferences are published as conference proceedings, while the results of the working conferences are often published as collections of se- lectedandeditedpapers. IFIP distinguishes three types of institutional membership: Country Representative Members, Members at Large, and Associate Members. The type of organization that can apply for membership is a wide variety and includes national or international so- cieties of individual computer scientists/ICT professionals, associations or federations of such societies, government institutions/government related organizations, national or international research institutes or consortia, universities, academies of sciences, com- panies, national or international associations or federations of companies. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6102 Yuko Murayama Dimiter Velev (cid:129) Plamena Zlateva Jose J. Gonzalez (Eds.) (cid:129) Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction First IFIP TC 5 DCITDRR International Conference, ITDRR 2016 Sofia, Bulgaria, November 16–18, 2016 Revised Selected Papers 123 Editors Yuko Murayama PlamenaZlateva Tsuda University BulgarianAcademy of Sciences Tokyo Sofia Japan Bulgaria Dimiter Velev Jose J.Gonzalez University of National andWorld Economy University of Agder Sofia Grimstad Bulgaria Norway ISSN 1868-4238 ISSN 1868-422X (electronic) IFIPAdvances in Information andCommunication Technology ISBN 978-3-319-68485-7 ISBN978-3-319-68486-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68486-4 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017959617 ©IFIPInternationalFederationforInformationProcessing2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynow knownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface The effects of disasters are very serious and it may take a very long time to recover fromthedestructioncaused.Theensuingdamagecanbesevereandofferingreliefmay lead to expenses in the range of billions of euros. The occurrence of natural disasters hasincreasedinthepastfewyearsanditisexpectedthattheirfrequencywillcontinue in the coming years. Owingtothemultidisciplinarynatureofworkinthefieldofdisasterriskreduction, people from various backgrounds are included in this field of research and activity. Their backgrounds are likely to include industry, diverse geographical and global settings, not-for-profit organizations, agriculture, marine life, welfare, risk manage- ment, safety engineering, and social networking services. At present, at global and national levels, a wide range of scientific and applied research activity is conducted in the area of disaster risk reduction concerning indi- vidual types of disasters. Modern information and communication technologies (ICT)canfacilitatesignificantlythedecision-makingprocessesfromthepointofview of disaster risk reduction. Following the increasing number of disasters worldwide and the growing potential ofbothICTandICTexpertise,atitsGeneralAssemblyheldduringOctober8–9,2015 at the Daejeon Convention Center, Daejeon, Korea, the IFIP established the Domain Committee on Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction in order to: (cid:129) Promote disaster risk reduction within the ICT community (cid:129) ProvideanadditionalopportunityforIFIPmemberstoworkwithotherspecialized bodies such as the UN, UNISDR, ICSU, ITU, and ISCRAM (cid:129) Coordinate the efforts of member societies as well as different Technical Com- mittees and Working Groups of IFIP in the disaster-related field The disaster support offered by the Domain Committee is based on the following major pillars: (cid:129) Information acquisition and provision (cid:129) Shelter information management for local governments (cid:129) Disaster information systems (cid:129) State-of-the-art ICT (such as the Internet of Things, mobile computing, big data, and cloud computing). IFIP’s Domain Committee on Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction organized the First IFIP Conference on Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction(ITDRR2016),duringNovember16–18,2016,attheUniversityofNational and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria. ITDRR 2016 provided an international forum for researchers and practitioners to present their latest R&D findings and innovations. The conference was especially focused on various ICT aspects and the challenges of coping with disaster risk VI Preface reduction. The main topics included areas such as big data, cloud computing, the Internet of Things and natural disasters, mobile computing, emergency management, disasterinformationprocessing,disasterriskassessmentandmanagement,anddisaster management simulation. ITDRR 2016 invited experts, researchers, academicians and all others who were interested in disseminating their work to attend the conference. The conference established anacademicenvironmentthatfostered thedialogueandexchange ofideas among different levels of academic, research, business, and public communities. The Program Committee received 52 paper submissions, out of which 20 research papers were finally accepted. We are particularly grateful therefore to the members of the Program Committee, and the many reviewers of papers, for their dedication in helping to produce this volume. August 2017 Yuko Murayama Dimiter Velev Plamena Zlateva Jose J. Gonzalez Organization General Chair Dimiter Velev University of National and World Economy, Bulgaria Co-chairs Yuko Murayama IFIP Vice President, Japan Jose J. Gonzalez University of Agder, Norway Finance Chair Eduard Dundler IFIP Secretary, Austria Publicity Chair Jun Sasaki Iwate Prefectural University, Japan Steering Committee Yuko Murayama IFIP Vice President, Japan Diane Whitehouse IFIP TC9 : ICT and Society Chair, UK Erich Neuhold IFIP TC5 : Information Technology Application Chair, Austria Jose G. Gonzalez University of Agder, Norway A Min Tjoa IFIP Honoray Secretary, Austria Plamena Zlateva Institute of Robotics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria Dimiter Velev University of National and World Economy, Bulgaria Program Committee Andreas Karcher Universität der Bundeswehr, Germany Andreas Prinz University of Agder, Norway Bjørn Erik Munkvold University of Agder, Norway Chrisantha Silva Computer Society of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka Denis Trcek University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Edgar Weipel Secure Business Austria, Austria Eliot Rich University at Albany, USA Elsa Negre Lamsade, Université Paris, Dauphine, France Frederick Benaben École Nationale Supérieure des Mines d’Albi-Carmaux, France VIII Organization Gabriela Marín-Raventós IFIP Councillor, Costa Rica Gansen Zhao South China Normal University, China Gerald Quirchmayr University of Vienna, Austria Hans J. Scholl University of Washington, USA Henrik Eriksson Linköping University, Sweden Hsin-Hung Wu National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan Jaziar Radianti University of Agder, Norway Jian Cao Shanghai Jiaotong University, China Jose J. Gonzalez University of Agder, Norway Josune Hernantes University of Navarra, Spain Julie Dugdale University of Grenoble, France Kai Ranenberg IFIP Vice President, Germany Kaninda Musumbu Université Bordeaux, France Kenny Meesters University of Tilburg, Germany Kim Hee Dong Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Korea Leire Labaka University of Navarra, Spain Mariki Eloff University of South Africa, South Africa Mariyana Nikolova NIGGG, BAS, Bulgaria Michinori Hatayama Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan Mihoko Sakurai University of Agder, Norway Monika Buscher Lancaster University, UK Murali Krishna Penmetsa Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology, India Murray Turoff New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA Norberto Patrignani Politecnico di Torino, Italy Naoto Matsumoto Sakura Internet Research Center, Japan Nariyoshi Yamai Tokyo University ofAgriculture and Technology, Japan Nirit Bernstein Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, Israel Patrick Letouze Universidad Federal do Tocantins, Brazil Rajan Raj Pant Information Technology Security Emergency Response Team, Nepal Saji Baby GEO International Environmental Consultation Co., Kuwait Sergei Kavun University of Banking of the National Bank of Ukraine, Ukraine Sergei Ohrimenco Laboratory of Information Security, AESM, Moldova Shi Yizhe Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, China Shunsuke Fujieda University of Tokyo, Japan Starr Roxanne Hiltz New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA Stewart James Kowalski Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway Tadeusz Czachorski Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, PAS, Poland Organization IX Tao Bo Earthquake Administration of Beijing Municipality, China Tetsuo Noda Shimane University, Japan Tim A. Majchrzak University of Agder, Norway Tina Comes University of Agder, Norway Vassil Roussinov Crisis Management and Disaster Response Centre of Excellence, Bulgaria Victor Amadeo Bañuls Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Spain Silvera Victor de Pous IFIP Legal Counselor, Netherlands Wei-Sen Li National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction, Taiwan Wolfgang Reinhardt Universität der Bundeswehr, Germany Youwei Sun Earthquake Administration of Beijing Municipality, China Yoshitaka Shibata Iwate Prefectural University, Japan Yutaka Kikuchi Kochi University of Technology, Japan Zong Xuejun Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, China