Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5636 CommencedPublicationin1973 FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors: GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen EditorialBoard DavidHutchison LancasterUniversity,UK TakeoKanade CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA JosefKittler UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK JonM.Kleinberg CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA AlfredKobsa UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA FriedemannMattern ETHZurich,Switzerland JohnC.Mitchell StanfordUniversity,CA,USA MoniNaor WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel OscarNierstrasz UniversityofBern,Switzerland C.PanduRangan IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India BernhardSteffen UniversityofDortmund,Germany MadhuSudan MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,MA,USA DemetriTerzopoulos UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA DougTygar UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA GerhardWeikum Max-PlanckInstituteofComputerScience,Saarbruecken,Germany Jerry L. Prince Dzung L. Pham Kyle J. Myers (Eds.) Information Processing in Medical Imaging 21st International Conference, IPMI 2009 Williamsburg, VA, USA, July 5-10, 2009 Proceedings 1 3 VolumeEditors JerryL.Prince JohnsHopkinsUniversity,DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering 3400NorthCharlesStreet,Baltimore,MD21218,USA E-mail:[email protected] DzungL.Pham JohnsHopkinsUniversity RussellH.MorganDepartmentofRadiologyandRadiologicalScience 600NorthWolfeStreet,Baltimore,MD21287,USA E-mail:[email protected] KyleJ.Myers DivisionofImagingandAppliedMathematics,OSEL CenterforDevicesandRadiologicalHealth,FDA 10903NewHampshireAvenue,SilverSpring,MD20993,USA E-mail:[email protected] LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009929031 CRSubjectClassification(1998):I.4,I.5,I.2.5-6,J.1,J.3,I.3 LNCSSublibrary:SL6–ImageProcessing,ComputerVision,PatternRecognition, andGraphics ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN-10 3-642-02497-1SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork ISBN-13 978-3-642-02497-9SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliable toprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. springer.com ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2009 PrintedinGermany Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SPIN:12700561 06/3180 543210 Preface The21stInternationalConferenceonInformationProcessinginMedicalImaging(IPMI) washeldJuly5–10,2009attheCollegeofWilliamandMaryinWilliamsburg,Virginia, USA.Theconferencewasthelatestinaseriesofbiennialscientificmeetings,thelast beingheld in July of 2007 in the southof The Netherlands,duringwhich new devel- opmentsintheacquisition,analysis,anduseofmedicalimageswerepresented.IPMI is oneofthe longestrunningconferencesdevotedtothese topicsin medicalimaging. ThefirstIPMIconferencewasheldin1969,whenagroupofyoungscientistsworking in nuclearmedicinegatheredto discussthe currentproblemsin their field. Since that time the conference has expandedinto other medical imaging acquisition modalities, includingultrasound,optics,magneticresonance,andx-rayimagingtechniques.IPMI isnowwidelyrecognizedasoneofthemostexcitingandinfluentialmeetingsinmed- ical imaging,with a unique emphasison active participationfrom all attendees and a strongcommitmenttovigorousdiscussionandopendebate. AwidevarietyoftopicsarecoveredatIPMImeetings,allwithinasingle-trackfor- mat.Thisyear150full-lengthmanuscriptsweresubmittedtotheconference.Ofthese, 26paperswereselectedfororalpresentationand33wereacceptedasposters.Submis- sionswerecarefullyreviewedbyatleastthreemembersoftheScientificReviewCom- mittee,whoevaluatedthenovelty,methodologicaldevelopment,andscientificrigorof each manuscript. A Paper Selection Committee, comprising the conferenceco-chairs andthreeseniorinvestigators,tookonthedifficulttaskofcreatingameetingprogram. Using the rankings and detailed comments of the reviewers of each manuscript, and addingtothattheirownjudgmentofthemeritsofeachmanuscript,theydesignedthe meetingprogramrepresentedinthisvolume.Themanyhigh-qualitymanuscriptssub- mitted forconsiderationmadethe selectionprocessextremelydifficult,andmanyex- cellentpapersdidnotmakeitintothefinalprogram.Thisisanunfortunateinevitability ofthehighselectivityforwhichIPMIisknown. A key goal of IPMI is to encourage active participation of the most talented and promisingyounginvestigatorsinthefield,inanenvironmentthatalsofostersin-depth interactions with senior researchers. To achieve this goal, all IPMI participants were involvedin small study groupswhere they preparedfor the conferencepresentations. After reading their assigned papers, graduate students, post-docs, and young faculty membersdiscussedtheirunderstandingofrelatedworkinthefieldwithseniorinvesti- gatorsandtogetherformulatedbothclarifyingandprobingquestionsfortheoralpre- senters. The study groupsthus led off the discussion of each paper, ensuring a lively and vigorous dialogue. Further emphasis on the young researcher was made through the competitionfor the prestigiousErbsmannaward.The FrancoisErbsmannPrize is awardedforthebestcontributionbyayoungscientistwhoisthefirstauthorofapaper andafirst-timeIPMIoralpresenter.Thisyear21ofthe26oralpresenterswereeligible fortheErbsmannPrize. IPMI 2009 featured a keynote lecture by Jonathan S. Lewin, an internationally renownedexpertininterventionalandintra-operativemagneticresonanceimagingwho VI Preface currentlyservesastheMartinW.DonnerProfessoranddirectoroftheRussellH.Mor- ganDepartmentof Radiologyand RadiologicalScience at JohnsHopkinsUniversity. Dr.Lewinspokeon“Information-IntensiveMinimallyInvasiveIntervention:Concepts and Applications”. Dr. Lewin has developed minimally invasive procedures for the treatment of cancer, vascular disease, and other disorders. His lecture gave the IPMI audienceauniqueopportunitytoheartheperspectiveofanactiveclinician-researcher in this importantapplicationareathatrelies so heavily oninformationextractedfrom medicalimages. The IPMI 2009 conference featured the traditions that past IPMI attendees have cometoexpectaspartoftheuniquecharacterofthemeeting.Mostimportantly,each oral presentation was allowed unlimited time for discussion to give the audience the opportunitytoresolveallquestionsregardingthemethodsandresults.IPMIdiscussions cangoonforhours,involvingvirtuallyeveryattendeeintheroom!SessionChairsplay akeyroleatIPMIastheystrivetoensurethattheseextendeddiscussionsareproductive and continuing to add to the group’s understanding of the nature and significance of eachpresentation’soriginalcontribution. IPMI is traditionally held in a small and sometimes remote location. This year’s venue, the campusof the College of William and Mary, is located in the heart of the historicaltownofWilliamsburg,Virginia,USA.Charteredin1693,thecollegeclaims manyhonors;it is the secondoldestcollegein Americaandcountsamongits alumni presidentsThomasJefferson,JamesMonroe,andJohnMarshall.Attendeestothemeet- ingwerehousedinthecollege’sdormrooms,enjoyedcommunalmealsinacollegedin- inghall,andenjoyedlate-nightconversationsatthenearbytavernsreminisicentof18th centuryAmerica.OnWednesdayafternoon,participantswereabletoexploreadjacent ColonialWilliamsburg,alivingmuseumdedicatedtopreservingthememoryoflifeat thetimeoftheAmericanRevolution,visittheJamestownSettlement,ridetheColonial Parkwayonbike,orbrowsetheshopsoftheWilliamsburgPotteryFactory.Laterthat evening,aconferencebanquetwasheldintheCollegeofWilliamandMary’sAlumni House.OnThursdayafternoon,thetraditionalIMPIsoccermatchwasheld,pittingthe Americanteamagainst“therestoftheworld.”Atthetimeofthiswritingtheoutcome ofthelatestmatchinthislong-standingrivalryisuncertain.Whatisknown,however, isthatthe refereeingwillbe a majorfactorindecidingthe outcomeandtherewillbe deeplyheldopinionsonallsidesregardingthefairnessofthisaspectofthegame! TheseproceedingscontaintheIPMI2009papersintheordertheywerepresentedat themeeting.Wehopethatthisvolumeservesasavaluablesourceofinformationforthe participants,aswellasareminderofthegreatconferenceexperiencethatwehad.For thosewhowerenotabletoattendtheconference,wehopethattheseproceedingspro- videyouwithanexcellentsummaryofthelatestresearchcontributionstothemedical imagingfield.WelookforwardtothenextIPMIconference,whichiscurrentlyplanned for2011inGermany.Moreinformationwillbepostedonwww.ipmi-conference.com asitbecomesavailable. April2009 JerryL.Prince DzungL.Pham KyleJ.Myers Acknowledgements Theorganizationofthe21stIPMIconferencewasonlypossiblethroughtheeffortsand contributionsofseveralorganizationsandmanyindividuals.Firstofall,theIPMI2009 Co-chairs would like to thank the members of the Scientific Review Committee for providingso many high-qualityreviewswithin a very limited time frame;because of thesereviews,wewereabletomakeafairselectionofthebestpapersforthefinalpro- gram.WealsoexpressourgratitudetothePaperSelectionCommitteemembers—Nico Karssemeijer,RichardLeahy,andGuidoGerig—whoeachreadmanypapersandtheir reviewsandtraveledto Baltimoreforamarathonorganizationalmeetingthatresulted inanoutstandingfinalprogram.WewouldalsoliketothankpreviousIPMIorganizers, particularly Chris Taylor, Gary Christensen, and Nico Karssemeijer, for sharing their experiencesandinsightswithus. We are very grateful to Laura Libertini at Johns Hopkins University for her ex- pert handling of countless administrativetasks including gatheringmuch information fortheoriginalconferenceproposal,preparingtheconferencebudget,coordinatingall meetings,handlingtheconferenceregistrations,supervisingstudentandstaffhelp,and many other administrative tasks too numerousto count. For experthelp in managing mailing lists and our IPMI website, we are grateful to Jonathan Boswell at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Thanks as well to Simon Jackson for his assistance withtheWeb-basedCAWSconferencemanagementsystem. We are grateful to the College of William and Mary for hosting the IPMI 2009 conferenceand particularly to Lois Parker for enthusiastically supportingour confer- enceproposalandtobothLoisandElizabethKeiwietforexpertlymanagingallofour requestsforservicesbeforeandduringtheconference.Wethankourstudentsforvol- unteeringtospenda weekduringthehot2009summerworkingatthe numerousodd jobsthatareessentialtomaintainingasmoothandeffectiveprogram. Finally, we are gratefulto the followingorganizationsfor their generousfinancial support: NationalInstituteofBiomedicalImagingandBioengineering(NIBIB) NationalCancerInstitute(NCI) NationalInstituteofNeurologicalDisordersandStroke(NINDS) NationalInstituteonAging(NIA) JohnsHopkinsUniversity Francois Erbsmann Prizewinners 1987(Utrecht,TheNetherlands):JohnM.Gauch,UniversityofNorthCarolina,Chapel Hill,NC,USA. J.M. Gauch, W.R. Oliver, S.M. Pizer: Multiresolution shape descriptions and their applicationsinmedicalimaging. 1989 (Berkeley, CA, USA): Arthur F. Gmitro, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. A.F. Gmitro, V. Tresp, V. Chen, Y. Snell, G.R. Gindi: Video-rate reconstruction of CT andMRimages. 1991(Wye,Kent,UK):H.IsilBozma,YaleUniversity,NewHaven,CT,USA. H.I.Bozma,J.S.Duncan:Model-basedrecognitionofmultipledeformableobjectsus- ingagame-theoreticframework. 1993 (Flagstaff, AZ, USA): Jeffrey A. Fessler, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,USA. J.A. Fessler: Tomographic reconstruction using information-weighted spline smoothing. 1995 (Brest, France): Maurits K. Konings, University Hospital, Utrecht, TheNetherlands. M.K.Konings,W.P.T.M.Mali,M.A.Viergever:Designofarobuststrategytomeasure intravascularelectricalimpedance. 1997(Poultney,VT,USA):DavidAtkinson,GuysHospital,London,UK. D.Atkinson,D.L.G.Hill,P.N.R.Stoyle,P.E.Summers,S.F.Keevil:Anautofocusalgo- rithmfortheautomaticcorrectionofmotionartifactsinMRimages. 1999(Visegrad, Hungary):Liana M. Lorigo, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,MA,USA. L.M. Lorigo, O. Faugeras, W.E.L. Grimson, R. Keriven, R. Kikinis, C.-F. Westin: Co- dimension2geodesicactivecontoursforMRAsegmentation. 2001(Davis,CA,USA):ViktorK.Jirsa,FloridaAtlanticUniversity,FL,USA. V.K.Jirsa,K.J.Jantzen,A.Fuchs,J.A.ScottKelso:Neuralfielddynamicsonthefolded three-dimensionalcorticalsheetanditsforwardEEGandMEG. X Prizewinners 2003(Ambleside,UK):GuillaumeMarrelec,INSERM,France. G. Marrelec, P. Ciuciu, M. Pelegrini-Issac,H. Benali:Estimation of the hemodyamic response function in event-relatedfunctionalMRI: directed acyclic graphsfor a gen- eralBayesianinferenceframework. 2005 (GlenwoodSprings, Colorado, USA) Duygu Tosun, Johns HopkinsUniversity, Baltimore,USA. D.Tosun,J.L.Prince:Corticalsurfacealignmentusinggeometry-drivenmultispectral opticalflow. 2007 (Kerkrade, The Netherlands) Ben Glocker, Technische Universita¨t Mu¨nchen, Garching,Germany. B. Glocker, N. Komodakis, N. Paragios, G. Tziritas, and N. Navab: Inter-and intra- modaldeformableregistration: continuousdeformationsmeet efficientoptimallinear programming. Conference Committees Chairs JerryL.Prince JohnsHopkinsUniversity,USA DzungL.Pham JohnsHopkinsUniversity,USA KyleJ.Myers U.S.FoodandDrugAdministration,USA PaperSelection Committee GuidoGerig UniversityofUtah,USA NicoKarssemeijer RadboudUniversityNijmeganMedicalCenter, TheNetherlands RichardLeahy UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,USA Scientific Committee CraigK.Abbey UniversityofCalifornia,Davis,USA AmirA.Amini UniversityofLouisville,USA StephenRAylward KITWAREInc.,USA ChristianBarillot IRISA/CNRS,France Pierre-LouisBazin JohnsHopkinsUniversity,USA DjamalBoukerroui Universite´deTechnologiedeCompie`gne,France MikeBrady UniversityofOxford,UK AaronB.Brill VanderbiltUniversity,USA ElizabethBullitt UniversityofNorthCarolina,USA GaryE.Christensen UniversityofIowa,USA ElaClaridge UniversityofBirmingham,UK EricClarkson UniversityofArizona,USA AlanColchester UniversityofKent,UK TimothyF.Cootes UniversityofManchester,UK ChristosDavatzikos UniversityofPennsylvania,USA MarleendeBruijne UniversityofCopenhagen,Denmark HerveDelingette INRIA,France JamesS.Duncan YaleUniversity,USA AlejandroF.Frangi UniversitatPompeuFabra,Spain JamesC.Gee UniversityofPennsylvania,USA MaryellenGiger UniversityofChicago,USA PolinaGolland MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,USA MichaelL.Goris StanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine,USA KennethR.Hoffmann StateUniversityofNewYorkatBuffalo,USA MichaelInsana UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign,USA SarangC.Joshi UniversityofUtah,USA XII Organization RonKikinis BrighamandWomen’sHospital,Boston,USA MichaelKing UniversityofMassachusettsatWorcester,USA FrithjofKruggel UniversityofCaliforniaatDavis,USA JanKybic CzechTechnicalUniversity,CzechRepublic BoudewijnP.Lelieveldt LeidenUniversityMedicalCenter,TheNetherlands GabrieleLohmann MaxPlanckInstituteforHumanCognitiveandBrainSci- ences,Germany FrederikMaes KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven,Belgium Jean-FrancoisMangin CEA,France PauloMendonca GEGlobalResearch,USA CharlesMeyer UniversityofMichigan,USA WiroNiessen ErasmusMedicalCenterRotterdam, TheNetherlands J.AlisonNoble UniversityofOxford,UK XenophonPapademetris YaleUniversity,USA XavierPennec INRIA,France KillianPohl IBM,USA JinyiQi UniversityofCaliforniaatDavis,USA AnandRangarajan UniversityofFlorida,USA JosephM.Reinhardt UniversityofIowa,USA TorstenRohlfing SRIInternational,USA DanielRueckert ImperialCollegeLondon,UK PengchengShi HongKongUniversityofScienceTechnology, HongKong MartinA.Styner UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,USA GaborSzekely SwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyZurich, Switzerland ChrisTaylor UniversityofManchester,UK AndrewTodd-Pokropek UniversityCollegeLondon,UK CaroleJTwining UniversityofManchester,UK BabaC.Vemuri UniversityofFloridaUSA WilliamWells HarvardMedicalSchoolandBrighamandWomen’s Hospital,USA IPMI2009Board HarrisonH.Barrett NicoKarssemeijer ChristianBarillot RichardM.Leahy AaronB.Brill StephenM.Pizer GaryE.Christensen JerryL.Prince AlanC.F.Colchester ChrisTaylor JamesS.Duncan AndrewTodd-Pokropek MichaelL.Goris MaxA.Viergever