<DOCINFOAUTHOR""TITLE"InferenceandAnticipationinSimultaneousInterpreting:Aprobability-predictionmodel"SUBJECT"BenjaminsTranslationLibrary,Volume57"KEYWORDS""SIZEHEIGHT"220"WIDTH"150"VOFFSET"4"> InferenceandAnticipationinSimultaneousInterpreting Benjamins Translation Library TheBenjaminsTranslationLibraryaimstostimulateresearchandtrainingintranslationand interpretingstudies.TheLibraryprovidesaforumforavarietyofapproaches(whichmay sometimesbeconflicting)inasocio-cultural,historical,theoretical,appliedandpedagogical context.TheLibraryincludesscholarlyworks,referenceworks,post-graduatetextbooksand readersintheEnglishlanguage. ESTSubseries TheEuropeanSocietyforTranslationStudies(EST)Subseriesisapublicationchannelwithin the Library to optimize EST’s function as a forum for the translation and interpreting research community. It promotes new trends in research, gives more visibility to young scholars’work,publicizesnewresearchmethods,makesavailabledocumentsfromEST,and reissuesclassicalworksintranslationstudieswhichdonotexistinEnglishorwhicharenow outofprint. Generaleditor Associateeditor GideonToury MiriamShlesinger TelAvivUniversity BarIlanUniversity Advisoryboard MarilynGaddisRose ZuzanaJettmarová JuanC.Sager BinghamtonUniversity CharlesUniversityofPrague UMISTManchester YvesGambier WernerKoller MarySnell-Hornby TurkuUniversity BergenUniversity UniversityofVienna DanielGile AletKruger SonjaTirkkonen-Condit Université Lumière Lyon 2 and UNISA UniversityofJoensuu ISITParis JoséLambert LawrenceVenuti UlrichHeid CatholicUniversityofLeuven TempleUniversity UniversityofStuttgart FranzPöchhacker WolframWilss EvaHung UniversityofVienna UniversityofSaarbrücken ChineseUniversityofHongKong RosaRabadán JudithWoodsworth W.JohnHutchins UniversityofLeón Mt.SaintVincentUniversityHalifax UniversityofEastAnglia RodaRoberts SueEllenWright UniversityofOttawa KentStateUniversity Volume57[ESTSubseries2] InferenceandAnticipationinSimultaneousInterpreting: Aprobability-predictionmodel ByGhellyV.Chernov EditedwithacriticalforewordbyRobinSettonandAdelinaHild Inference and Anticipation in Simultaneous Interpreting A probability-prediction model Ghelly V. Chernov Editedwithacriticalforeword byRobinSettonandAdelinaHild JohnBenjaminsPublishingCompany Amsterdam(cid:1)/(cid:1)Philadelphia TM Thepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirements 8 ofAmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciences–Permanence ofPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterials,ansiz39.48-1984. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData GhellyV.Chernov InferenceandAnticipationinSimultaneousInterpreting:A probability-predictionmodel/ GhellyV.Chernov,Editedwitha criticalforewordbyRobinSettonandAdelinaHild. p. cm.(BenjaminsTranslationLibrary,issn0929–7316;v.57) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindexes. 1.Simultaneousinterpreting.I.Setton,Robin.II.Title.III.Benjamins translationlibrary;v.57.IV.Benjaminstranslationlibrary.ESTsubseries. P306.95.C49 2004 418’.02-dc22 2004059145 isbn9027216630(Eur.)/1588115836(US)(Hb;alk.paper) ©2004–JohnBenjaminsB.V. Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyform,byprint,photoprint,microfilm,or anyothermeans,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher. JohnBenjaminsPublishingCo.·P.O.Box36224·1020meAmsterdam·TheNetherlands JohnBenjaminsNorthAmerica·P.O.Box27519·Philadelphiapa19118-0519·usa JB[v.20020404] Prn:2/12/2004;9:26 F:BTL57CO.tex / p.1(42-96) Table of contents Editors’criticalforeword ix Foreword xxiii Abbreviationsandsymbols xxix Chapter1 ThepsycholinguisticapproachtoSIresearch 1 1. SIandthelinguistictheoryoftranslation 1 2. ThemethodologicalbasisofapsycholinguisticapproachtoSI 3 3. TheobjectofSIpsycholinguisticresearch 6 Chapter2 Speed,memoryandsimultaneity:Speechprocessingunder unusualconstraints 11 4. SimultaneityinSI 11 5. Timeconstraints 15 6. Externallycontrolledpaceofactivity 16 7. Recitedtextsvs.improviseddiscourse 18 Chapter3 Thesemanticandpragmaticstructureofdiscourse 25 8. Wordmeaning 25 9. Polysemyandsynonymyindiscourse 28 10. Componentialanalysisofmeaning 28 11. Semanticagreement:Acombinatorylawofdiscourse 29 12. Semanticredundancyindiscourse 32 13. Semanticredundancyindiscourse:Anexample 36 Chapter4 Semanticstructureandobjectivesemanticredundancy 39 14. Theconceptofsense 39 JB[v.20020404] Prn:2/12/2004;9:26 F:BTL57CO.tex / p.2(96-129)  Tableofcontents 15. Themeofcommunication,objectofanutterance, andforegrounding 42 16. Thesemanticstructureofdiscourseanditsbasiccomponents 46 17. SemanticstructureastheobjectandproductofSI 53 Chapter5 Communicativecontextandsubjectiveredundancy 57 18. Implicitsenseandinference 57 19. Linguisticinference 61 20. Cognitiveinference 65 21. Situationalinference 70 22. Pragmaticinference 71 23. Thecommunicativesituationofsimultaneousinterpretation 72 24. Discourseequivalent 77 25. Interdependenceofsituationandsemanticstructure ininferencing 78 26. Situationalfactorsincomprehension:Anillustration 82 Chapter6 AprobabilityanticipationmodelforSI 91 27. Theprincipleofanticipatoryreflectionofreality 91 28. Messagedevelopmentprobabilityanticipation 92 29. Multilevelredundancyandprobabilityanticipation 93 30. Cumulativedynamicanalysis(CDA)andtherange ofprobabilityanticipation 96 31. TowardstheinternalprogramfortheTLutterance 104 Chapter7 Themeandcompression 107 32. Thethematic(referential)componentofdiscourseinSI 107 33. RedundancyinSpanishpublicspeaking 111 34. TypesofspeechcompressioninSI 113 Chapter8 Rhemeandinformationdensity 121 35. Perceptionbyinformationdensitypeaks 121 36. Lossofinformationduetoamissedrheme 123 37. Strongrheme,weakrheme,chainofreferents 124 JB[v.20020404] Prn:2/12/2004;9:26 F:BTL57CO.tex / p.3(129-179) Tableofcontents  38. Thedominantevaluativerhemeinapoliticaldiscourse 127 39. RenderingtheevaluativecomponentinSI 129 Chapter9 Syntaxandcommunicativewordorder 135 40. TheinternalprogramfortheTLutterance:Wholeorbroken? 135 41. Wordorderandcommunicativesyntax 145 42. Syntacticcomplexity,logicalsequenceandworkingmemory 157 43. Shortandextendedpredicates 159 Chapter10 SIandAnokhin’stheoryofactivity 165 44. SIasafunctionalsystem 165 45. Probabilityanticipationasamultilevelmechanism 169 46. Self-monitoringorfeedback 178 47. TheefficiencyoftheSIcommunicativeactandtheSIinvariant 181 Chapter11 AnticipationandSI:Anexperiment 185 Chapter12 Conclusion 199 Notes 201 References 213 Transcripts AppendixA BuenosAirescorpus–UN,1978,Experiment inRemoteInterpreting 223 AppendixB UnitedNationsGeneralAssemblysessions 241 AppendixC TextswithtwotypesoftestitemsusedasinputinanSIprobability anticipationexperiment(Chernov1978) 247 Nameindex 253 Subjectindex 257 JB[v.20020404] Prn:6/12/2004;15:19 F:BTL57ED.tex / p.1(41-115) Editors’ critical foreword RobinSettonandAdelinaHild Ghelly Vassilievich Chernov (1929–2000) belonged to the first generation of post-war Russian conference interpreters servicing Soviet delegations at the United Nations through the Krushchev era, the height of the cold war, and decolonisation,andwasHeadoftheRussianinterpretationunitattheUNin NewYorkfrom1976to1982.InRussiaaselsewhere,seniorinterpreterstrained thenextgeneration,acalling which fitneatlywith aparallelacademiccareer. Withtwodoctorates(Translationin1955andInterpretationTheoryin1980), Chernovoccupiedsuccessiveposts,firstattheMauriceThorezInstitute(later Moscow State Linguistic University) as Assistant Professor of English Trans- lation and Interpretation, in 1967, then Chair of Interpretation from 1970, and later, from 1991, as President of the Moscow International Interpreting School(MIIS)beforereturningtoMSLUasProfessorofInterpretationTheory, History,andPracticefrom1995untilhisuntimelydeathin2000. Chernov’smaincontributiontointerpretingstudieshastraditionallybeen seen in his highlighting of redundancy as a key factor in SI comprehension and his emphasis on the psychological process of ‘probability’ anticipation (forward inferencing) as the central cognitive process making SI possible. His standing in the discipline and the originality of his work amply justify publication of his seminal contribution in English at this time. His decision to publish this work in English (as explained in the author’s foreword) was motivated partly by a concern to reach a wider readership and partly by a need to express affinities with some recent work in interpreting studies and inpragmatics,specificallythepost-GriceanschoolofRelevancetheory. Like a few other practitioners and trainers in Western Europe in the 1960s, Chernov was intensely curious about simultaneous interpreting, and had as many exciting intuitions and ideas as the next man or woman in the booth or trainer of conference interpreters. He did, however, take the step from speculation to empiricism, and looked for backing for his ideas in