INFANCY Infancy: The Basics offers an introduction to the developmental science behind the fascinating world of infant development. This book takes the reader from before birth through the moment infants come into the world seemingly unable to do much but eat, eliminate, and sleep, and across the few short, incredible years, to when infants are walk- ing, talking, thinking humans with clear preferences, wishes, and dreams, having already forged strong long- lasting relationships. Dispelling common myths and misconceptions about how infants’ perception, cognition, language, and personalities develop, this accessible evidence- based book takes a novel w hole- child approach and provides insight into the joint roles of nature (b iology) and nurture ( experience) in infant development, how to care for babies to give them the best start in life, and what it means for infants to become thinking communicating social partners. Topics in this book are covered with an eye frmly fxed on how infants’ frst years set the stage for the rest of their lives. By helping us understand infants, experts Marc H. Bornstein and Martha E. Arterberry give us the opportunity to learn about the resiliency of our species and the many different contexts in which families rear infants. They cover key topics, including how babies are studied scientifcally, prena- tal development and the newborn period, how infants explore and understand the world around them, how infants begin to commu- nicate, how infants develop an emotional life, personality, and tem- perament, how infants build relationships, and how parents succeed in bringing up babies in challenging circumstances. This concise clear guide to the years from before birth to 3 is for students of developmental psychology, pediatric medicine and nursing, education, and social work. It is also for all parents and professionals caring for infants, who want to understand the secret world of infancy. Marc H. Bornstein has professional appointments with the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (B ethesda), the Institute for Fiscal Studies (L ondon), and UNICEF ( NYC). He holds degrees from Columbia College and Yale University as well as Trento and Heidelberg. He edits Parenting: Science and Practice and the Handbook of Parenting. Bornstein has published in experimental, developmental, and cultural science as well as neuroscience, pediatrics, and aesthetics. Martha E. Arterberry is the Clara C. Piper Professor of Psychology at Colby College, Maine. She received her B.A. from Pomona College and her Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota. She is the Editor- in- Chief of Infant Behavior and Development and Editor of the Lifespan Section of Acta Psychologica. Her research focuses on per- ception, cognition, and action in infancy. the basics series The Basics is a highly successful series of accessible guidebooks which provide an overview of the fundamental principles of a subject area in a jargon-f ree and undaunting format. Intended for students approaching a subject for the frst time, the books both introduce the essentials of a subject and provide an ideal springboard for further study. With over 50 titles spanning subjects from artifcial intelligence ( AI) to women’s studies, The Basics is an ideal starting point for students seeking to understand a subject area. Each text comes with recommendations for further study and gradu- ally introduces the complexities and nuances within a subject. WORLD HISTORY PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY ( SECOND EDITION) PETER N. STEARNS JOSEPH HOLDEN WORLD THEATRE WORLD PREHISTORY E. J. WESTLAKE BRIAN M. FAGAN AND NADIA DURRANI WOMEN’S STUDIES ( SECOND EDITION) FRENCH REVOLUTION BONNIE G. SMITH DARIUS VON GÜTTNER SIGMUND FREUD RESEARCH METHODS ( THIRD EDITION) JANET SAYERS NICHOLAS WALLIMAN SUSTAINABILITY ( SECOND EDITION) ARCHAEOLOGY ( FOURTH EDITION) PETER JACQUES BRIAN M. FAGAN AND NADIA DURRANI SPORT HISTORY REAL ESTATE GERALD R. GEMS JAN WILCOX AND JANE FORSYTH ENGLISH GRAMMAR MANAGEMENT ( SECOND EDITION) MICHAEL MCCARTHY MORGEN WITZEL PRAGMATICS SEMIOTICS ( FOURTH EDITION) BILLY CLARK DANIEL CHANDLER COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY: THE BASICS CHOREOGRAPHY SANDIE TAYLOR AND LANCE WORKMAN JENNY ROCHE AND STEPHANIE BURRIDGE SOCIOLOGY ( THIRD EDITION) LANGUAGE ACQUISITION KEN PLUMMER PAUL IBBOTSON MUSIC COGNITION: THE BASICS AIR POLLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE HENKJAN HONING JOHN PEARSON AND RICHARD DERWENT PERFORMANCE STUDIES INFANCY ANDREEA S. MICU MARC H. BORNSTEIN AND MARTHA E. ARTERBERRY AMERICAN STUDIES ANDREW DIX INFANCY THE BASICS Marc H. Bornstein and Martha E. Arterberry Cover image: © Getty Images First published 2023 by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 and by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2023 Marc H. Bornstein and Martha E. Arterberry The right of Marc H. Bornstein and Martha E. Arterberry to be identifed as authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifcation and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Bornstein, Marc H., author. | Arterberry, Martha E., author. Title: Infancy: the basics / Marc H. Bornstein and Martha E. Arterberry. Description: New York, NY: Routledge, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifers: LCCN 2021062681 (print) | LCCN 2021062682 (ebook) | ISBN 9781032001142 (hardback) | ISBN 9781032001159 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003172802 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Infant psychology. | Infants—Development. Classifcation: LCC BF719 .B67 2022 (print) | LCC BF719 (ebook) | DDC 155.42/2—dc23/eng/20220111 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021062681 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021062682 ISBN: 978-1-032-00114-2 ( hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-00115-9 ( pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-17280-2 ( ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9 781003172802 Typeset in Palatino by codeMantra Dedication ( MHB) For Lewis This Basics Book about Infancy advances a “w hole child” perspective on the beginnings of life. Although individual chapters treat infancy in terms of growing, thinking, communicating, feeling, and relating, in reality all these remarkable achievements of the opening years are ineluctably bound together. In evidence, consider one fleeting moment in the life of an 8- m onth-o ld as it attests to the inextricability of perception-a ction-t hought-e motion-r elation. Propped in the crook of a couch, Lewis was being read some baby books. After three or so, next up was a picture book constructed wholly of photos from Lewis’s first 6 months. When the page was turned to this picture of Lewis himself sitting with his parents, Lewis spontaneously and promptly leaned forward and kissed his mother’s face: p erception-a ction-t hought-e motion-r elation. In Memoriam (M EA) For Brooke (2 000–2 019) Whose a ll-t oo-b rief life illuminated the marvels of development and what can be accomplished by human perseverance. CONTENTS List of Illustrations xi Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxi 1 Infancy 1 2 Growing 32 3 Thinking 67 4 Communicating 101 5 Feeling 129 6 Relating 159 7 Coda: Appreciating the Whole Child 198 References 203 Glossary 217 Author Index 225 Subject Index 229