THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES INDUSTRIAL SOCIALISM BY WILLIAM HAYWOOD D. AND FRANK BOHN •i* •£ •£• CHICAGO CHARLES H. KERR & COMPANY CO-OPERATIVE Copyright 1911 By Charles H. Kerr & COMPANY HX CONTENTS. PAGE I. IndustrTihale SMloasvterWy.onderful Thing in the World e (a) (b) The Life of the Worker j> II Industrial Progress. n (a) TThhee PGrriovwatteh oPfrotpheertMyachSuipneerstPirtoicoenss J (b) (1) Cloth Making J Power Machinery (2) The Steamboat and Locomotive (3) J« (4) Farming Machinery ((56)) MIironninagnd Steel Production ,£-. III. Industrial Organization. 24 (a) The Organization of Capital ^ (1) The Capitalist (2) The Corporation ^ The Trust _ (3) (4) The Industrial Empire (5) Industrial Tyranny ^ (b) The Organization of Labor (1) The Class Struggle • (2) CTrhaeftAmUenriiocnainsmFederation of Labor *> (3) (4) Class Unionism ^ (5) Industrial Unionism ^ The General Strike (6) IV. Industrial Freedom. ^ The Growth of Socialism ^ (a) '(b) The Socialist Party (c) Class Unionism and Class Politics ^ (d) The Social Revolution (e) The Industrial Republic... (f) Questions Concerning Socialism V 177*3iw *i FOREWORD Socialism is the future system of industrial society. Toward it America, Europe, Australasia, South Africa and japan are rapidly moving. Under capitalism today the machines and other means of wealth production are privately owned. Under Socialism tomorrow they will be collectively owned. Under capitalism all popular con- stitutional government is merely political. Its main pur- pose is the protection of private property. Industry is at present governed by a few tyrants. Its purpose is to give to the workers as little wealth as possible. Under Socialism industrial government will be more democratic than political government is today. Its purpose will be to manage production and to establish and conduct the great social institutions required by civilized humanity. Political government will then, of course, have ceased to exist. This booklet is primarily an introduction to the study of Socialism. Its title has been chosen advisedly. But the authors have also in mind a second purpose. While there have been published a number of booklets with the contents of which they are in entire agreement, none has yet appeared in English which attempts to cover the whole matter of Socialist principles and tactics from the industrial standpoint. The point of view of industrial unionism is to them the most essential factor in the study of Socialism. Without.that the whole literature of eco- nomics, politics and bjstory_Js--entirely worthless to the working class. With it the Socialist education of the workers begins. The authors are constantly presenting this point of view from the rostrum. This booklet makes it accessible to all those who wish to understand it. I—INDUSTRIAL SLAVERY The Most Wonderful Thing in the World.—The most wonderful thing in the world today is not at all "grand/' "beautiful," or "inspiring." It is the most terrible as well as the most wonderful thing in the world. At first it excites only fear and horror. We do not here mean some frightful earthquake, nor plague of disease, nor war. The most wonderful and terrible fact in the world is the present condition of the working class. In the United States 30,000,000 people work for other people, to whom they yield more than two-thirds of their product for the privilege of working. These working people have usually nothing at all to say as regards the amount they receive, the conditions of their labor and when they shall be at work and when at leisure. They are permitted to live in this country only so long as the few capitalists in it give them work and thus permit them to stay. The working people of the United States produce more wealth in one year than was ever produced in any other nation in the same period in the world's history. —But these workers are becom—ing thinner, shorter, weaker that is, they have less life than the American people of fifty years ago. In the United States 750,000 workers are killed and wounded in the shops and mines and on the railroads every year. The vast majority of the toilers in the United States die premature deaths of diseases caused by —overwork, by underfeeding and diseases caused by dirt dirt in the O INDUSTRIAL SOCIALISM air, dirt in the drinking water, dirt and poison in the workers' food. The idle rich of the United States waste more wealth than any other idle rich class have wasted in the history of the world. One woman spends $127,000 a year for "clothing." Dogs which cost $10,000 or $15,000 are now fashionahle as pets among the rich. The idle rich of the United States import annually nearly $40,000,000 worth of precious stones. Many of them have, beside a great mansion in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, and one or more large country estates here, a town house in Paris or London, and a country estate or two in Eng- land or France. For all this they produce nothing. Their time is occupied spending the millions others have pro- duced. The great wealth of the United States has been created by its toilers alone. It is being wasted by its idlers. The working people are sweating, starving and dying. The most wonderful thing in the world is the fact that tJiis great working class of the United States, 30,000,000 strong, should so peaceably and quietly go on in the same old way. THE LIFE OF THE WORKER The average wage earner of today is born of poor parents who work for a living. These may be "well paid" or "poorly paid." That is, the father may receive $5.00 a day and keep his family in a comfortable cottage.. He may receive only $1.75 per day and be often out of a job. Then the mother and the older children must work in order to get enough for the family to live upon. In either case, sooner or later, the children of the wage worker hunt for jobs of their own. When the worker gets his first job the world about INDUSTRIAL SOCIALISM 7 him takes off its mask. He sees it as it is. Hours are long and most work is monotonous. Any child or young person naturally very much dislikes this first harsh experience of the world of the working class. His games and fun-making are given up. His physical growth is stunted and his mind dwarfed more or less. Long ago nearly all of the young men who went to work for wages began by learning a trade. This trade was very often extremely interesting to them. It educated their minds and developed their bodies. If they were apprenticed at eighteen, then, perhaps at twenty one, they were sure of steady work and good wages. Today very few of the working people learn a trade. They work in some factory, store or office at tasks which they perform as well in a month as they do in ten years. If the young wage earner is vigorous in mind and body he revolts at this labor and makes a desperate struggle to secure an edu- cation or otherwise make it possible for himself to rise out of the working class. The stronger and healthier his body and the keener his mind, the harder does he fight. But he finds, except in very rare instances, that the doors of opportunity are closed to the children of the workers. If the young worker learns one of the trades which still remain in modern industry, he finds after he has learned it that it also is being abolished by the invention of new machinery. He may go to night school and complete a course of study, or take a correspondence course in mechanics or some other form of applied science. If he does he will discover that his knowledge, gotten at such sacrifice of time, savings and effort, will not raise his wages. There are now so many educated poor people that their pay is on the average much less than that of skilled workers in the trades. Another hope of the young workers, men and women, is to save money and start in some small business. Others have risen 8 INDUSTRIAL SOCIALISM and become wealthy. Why not they? So, by giving up all pleasures, by overwork and pitiful economies, does the young worker make his start in business. If he has been fortunate enough not to lose his money through some bank swindle, he at last, after years of effort, tries his luck. The best data we have show that more than nine-tenths of those who engage in small business fail utterly. The small portion who "succeed" do so by working night and day, Sundays and holidays. Even they make but meager livings, no better on the average than the wage-workers. The hearts and minds of nearly all young American working people are full of hope. They cannot conceive that it could be possible for them to toil on throughout their lifetime for small wages and every day find the work getting harder. They do not at first realize what it is to be a wage-worker. They are unmarried and hence often have a little more money than is absolutely necessary to keep them. This the young workers usually spend for good clothes and for an occasional holiday, The daily grind of labor has not yet deadened their minds nor crushed their spirits. Plans for advance^ ment are constantly being formed. Then come marriage and responsibility for a family. Perhaps the care of aged parents adds to the burden. In any case by the time the worker is twenty-five years of age he has lost his grip on his hope for something better. At thirty, with growing burdens, he gets to be quite content to work along day by day without looking for- ward to anything but his Saturday pay envelope. He is likely to be afflicted by some chronic illness due to the nature of his work or the insanitary condition of his factory or home. Perhaps illness in his family, or the birth of a number of children, so increase his burden that his struggle becomes a pitiless daily conflict to live.