Industrial Power Distribution and Illuminating Systems ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND ELECTRONICS A Series of Reference Books and Textbooks EXECUTIVE EDITORS Marlin O. Thurston William Middendorf Department of Department of Electrical Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State University University of Cincinnati Columbus, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio EDITORIAL BOARD Maurice Bellanger Lionel M. Levinson Telecommunications, Radioelectriques, et General Electric Company Telephoniques (TRT) Schenectady, New York Le Plessis-Robinson, France V. Rajagopalan J. Lewis Blackburn Department of Engineering Bothell, Washington Universite du Quebec a Trois-Rivieres Sing T. Bow Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada Department of Electrical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University Earl Swartzlander University Park, Pennsylvania TRW Defense Systems Group Redondo Beach, California Norman B. Fuqua Reliability Analysis Center Spyros G. Tzafestas Griffiss Air Force Base, New York Department of Electrical Engineering National Technical University Charles A. Harper of Athens Westinghouse Electric Corporation Athens, Greece and Technology Seminars, Inc. Timonium, Maryland Sakae Yamamura Central Research Institute of Nairn Α. Κ heir the Electric Power Industry Department of Electrical and Tokyo, Japan Systems Engineering Oakland University Rochester, Michigan 1. Rational Fault Analysis, edited by Richard Saeks and S. R. Liberty 2. Nonparametric Methods in Communications, edited by P. Papantoni- Kazakos and Dimitri Kazakos 3. Interactive Pattern Recognition, Yi-tzuu Chien 4. Solid-State Electronics, Lawrence E. Murr 5. Electronic, Magnetic, and Thermal Properties of Solid Materials, Klaus Schroder 6. Magnetic-Bubble Memory Technology,//sw Chang 7. Transformer and Inductor Design Handbook, Colonel Wm. T. McLyman 8. Electromagnetics: Classical and Modern Theory and Applications, Samuel Seely and Alexander D. Poularikas 9. One-Dimensional Digital Signal Processing, Chi-Tsong Chen 10. Interconnected Dynamical Systems, Raymond A. DeCarlo and Richard Saeks 11. Modern Digital Control Systems .Raymond G. Jacquot 12. Hybrid Circuit Design and ManufactureRoydn D. Jones y 13. Magnetic Core Selection for Transformers and Inductors: A User's Guide to Practice and Specification, Colonel Wm. T. McLyman 14. Static and Rotating Electromagnetic Devices, RichardH. Engelmann 15. Energy-Efficient Electric Motors: Selection and Application, John C. Andreas 16. Electromagnetic Compossibility,/fewz M. Schlicke 17. Electronics: Models, Analysis, and Systems, James G. Gottling 18. Digital Filter Design Handbook, Fred J. Taylor 19. Multivariable Control: An Introduction, P. K. Sinha 20. Flexible Circuits: Design and Applications, Steve Gurley, with contribu- tions by Carl A. Edstrom, Jr., Ray D. Greenway, and William P. Kelly 21. Circuit Interruption: Theory and Techniques, ThomasE. Browne, Jr. 22. Switch Mode Power Conversion: Basic Theory and Design, K. Kit Sum 23. Pattern Recognition: Applications to Large Data-Set Problems, Sing-Tze Bow 24. Custom-Specific Integrated Circuits: Design and Fabrication, Stanley L. Hurst 25. Digital Circuits: Logic and Design .Ronald C. Emery 26. Large-Scale Control Systems: Theories and Techniques, Magdi S. Mahmoud, Mohamed F. Hassan, and Mohamed G. Darwish 27. Microprocessor Software Project Management, Eli T. Fathi and Cedric V. W. Armstrong {Sponsored by Ontario Centre for Microelectronics) 28. Low Frequency Electromagnetic Design .Michael P. Perry 29. Multidimensional Systems: Techniques and Applications, edited by Spyros G. Tzafestas 30. AC Motors for High-Performance Applications: Analysis and Control, Sakae Yamamura 31. Ceramic Materials for Electronics: Processing, Properties, and Applications, edited by Relva C. Buchanan 32. Microcomputer Bus Structures and Bus Interface Design, ArthurL. Dexter 33. End User's Guide to Innovative Flexible Circuit Packaging,/ay/. Miniet 34. Reliability Engineering for Electronic Design,Norman B. Fuqua 35. Design Fundamentals for Low-Voltage Distribution and Control, Frank W. Kussy and Jack L. Warren 36. Encapsulation of Electronic Devices and Components, Edward R. Salmon 37. Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications,/. Lewis Blackburn 38. Testing Active and Passive Electronic Components, Richard F. Powell 39. Adaptive Control Systems: Techniques and Applications, V. V. Chalam 40. Computer-Aided Analysis of Power Electronic Systems, Venkatachari Rajagopalan 41. Integrated Circuit Quality and Reliability, Eugene R. Hnatek 42. Systolic Signal Processing Systems, edited by Earl E. Swartzlander, Jr. 43. Adaptive Digital Filters and Signal Analysis, Maurice G. Bellanger 44. Electronic Ceramics: Properties, Configuration, and Applications, edited by LionelM. Levinson 45. Computer Systems Engineering Management, Robert S. Alford 46. Systems Modeling and Computer Simulation, edited by Nairn A. Kheir 47. Rigid-Flex Printed Wiring Design for Production Readiness, Walter S. Rigling 48. Analog Methods for Computer-Aided Circuit Analysis and Diagnosis, edited by Takao Ozawa 49. Transformer and Inductor Design Handbook, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Colonel Wm. T. McLyman 50. Power System Grounding and Transients: An Introduction, A. P. Sakis Meliopoulos 51. Signal Processing Handbook, edited by C. H. Chen 52. Electronic Product Design for Automated Manufacturing, H. Richard Stillwell 53. Dynamic Models and Discrete Event Simulation, William Delaney and Erminia Vaccari 54. FET Technology and Application: An Introduction, Edwin S. Oxner 55. Digital Speech Processing, Synthesis, and Recognition, Sadaoki Furui 56. VLSI RISC Architecture and Organization, Stephen B. Furber 57. Surface Mount and Related Technologies, Gerald Ginsberg 58. Uninterruptible Power Supplies: Power Conditioners for Critical Equipment, David C. Griffith 59. Polyphase Induction Motors: Analysis, Design, and Application, PaulL. Cochran 60. Battery Technology Handbook, edited by H. A. Kiehne 61. Network Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis, edited by Ricardo F. Garzia and Mario R. Garzia 62. Linear Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing: Advanced Theory and Applications, edited by Nobuo Nagai 63. High-Voltage Engineering: Theory and Practice, edited by M. Khalifa 64. Large-Scale Systems Control and Decision Making, edited by Hiroyuki Tamura and Tsuneo Yoshikawa 65. Industrial Power Distribution and Illuminating Systems, Kao Chen 66. Distributed Computer Control for industrial Automation, edited by D. Popovic and Vijay P. Bhatkar Additional Volumes in Preparation Computer-Aided Analysis of Active Circuits, Adrian Ioinovici Electrical Engineering-Electronics Software 1. Transformer and Inductor Design Software for the IBM PC, Colonel Wm. T. McLyman 2. Transformer and Inductor Design Software for the Macintosh, Colonel Wm. T. McLyman 3. Digital Filter Design Software for the IBM PC, Fred J. Taylor and Thanos Stouraitis Industrial Power Distribution and Illuminating Systems Kao Chen Carl-sons Consulting Engineers San Diego, California MARCEL DEKKER, INC. New York and Basel Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Chen, Kao Industrial power distribution and illuminating systems / Kao Chen. p. cm. -- (Electrical engineering and electronics ; 65) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8247-8237-2 (alk. paper) 1. Electric engineering. 2. Industrial buildings--Lighting. I. Title. II. Series. TK146.C347 1990 621.319f24--dc20 89-71511 CIP This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 1990 by MARCEL DEKKER, INC. All Rights Reserved Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo- copying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. MARCEL DEKKER, INC. 270 Madison Avenue, New York, New. York 10016 Current printing (last digit): 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Preface The past three decades have witnessed a technological explosion in the fields of solid-state electronics, microprocessors, lasers, fiber optics, exotic signal processing, and space science, fields that have come to dominate the technical interests of college faculty and students. Today, power engineering courses are almost excluded from the cur- riculum of most engineering colleges and universities. As a result, the shortage of electrical engineers with adequate knowledge of indus- trial power distribution or illuminating theory and practice has now reached a critical point. This decline in the supply of power engineers is causing great concern to industry. Many industrial firms are forced to hire gradu- ate electronics or mechanical engineers for positions responsible for power distribution and illumination design work. Normally, a college graduate with basic knowledge in physics and engineering principles should be able to master such subjects as industrial power distribu- tion, application of protective relaying, principles of grounding and shielding, and fundamentals of illumination design within two to three semesters, given that academic institutions offer these subjects in a continuing or evening education program. Unfortunately, this avail- ability is not the case. Industry needs a continuing supply of qualified power engineers because there are many problem areas that require sophisticated engi- neering analysis. A near-term and perhaps effective way to overcome this shortage might begin with continuing education programs to be offered at local colleges and universities. This book provides a use- ful reference for practicing engineers and designers. It can also serve as an excellent text for a continuing education program in the field of industrial power distribution and illuminating engineering. iii