India’s fastest growing Institute for CAPF / CDS / NDA / AFCAT / EKT & Defence Exams India’s fastest growing Institute for CAPF / CDS / NDA / AFCAT / EKT & Defence Exams 501 CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQ’S COMPILATIONS FOR CDS-I 2018 BY ER.KUNAL SINGH, (UPSC CIVIL SERVICES EXAM QUALIFIED EXPERT) IMPORTANT CURRENT AFFAIRS FOR UPSC CDS- I 2018 EXAM NATIONAL: Union Cabinet. Nirmala Sitharaman assumes M. Venkaiah Naidu is elected the 15th Vice- charge as the nation’s (cid:144)rst full-time woman President of India. Defence Minister. Economist Dr. Rajiv Kumar is ap- Sept. 14: Prime Minister Narendra Modi and pointed NITI Aayog Vice-Chairman. his Japanese counterpart Shinzo Abe lay the Aug. 9: The Lok Sabha holds a special setting foundation stone in Ahmedabad for the to mark the 75th anniversary of the Quit country’s (cid:144)1st (cid:141)1,10,000 crore, 508 km high- India movement. speed rail project between Mumbai and Ahmedabad. Aug. 12: The U.P. government in- Sept. 17: Prime Minister Naren- itiates probe into the death of 60 dra Modi dedicates to the nation the children since August 7 in the neo- Sardar Sarovar Dam at Kevadiya in natal ICU and the encephalitis ward Narmada district, Gujarat, at a func- at the BRD Medical College Hospital tion at Dabhoi, 55 km from the dam in Gorakhpur. site, in Vadodara. Aug. 22: Instant triple talaq is Oct. 11: The Supreme Court holds that “manifestly arbitrary”, declares a sexual intercourse by a man with his wife, historic 3:2 majority judgment by a who is below 18 years of age, with or without multi-faith Constitution Bench of her consent is rape. the Supreme Court. Aug. 24: Privacy is an inherent Oct. 22: Prime Minister Naren- part of fundamental rights en- dra Modi, inaugurates the (cid:144)1st shrined in the statute, declares a phase of the ‘roll-on-roll-o(cid:129)’ (Ro-Ro) nine-judge Constitution Bench of ferry service between Ghogha in the Supreme Court in a unanimous Bhavnagar district, Saurashtra, and verdict. However, it is not an abso- Dahej, near Bharuch in south Guja- lute right. Overrules Emergency-era rat, at a rally in Ghogha. habeas corpus verdict. Aug. 27: India and China agree to Oct. 23: The Centre appoints former IB chief disengage from the 73-day stando(cid:129) Dineshwar Sharma as a “special on the Doklam plateau, disputed representative” to hold talks on J&K. between China and Bhutan. Justice Dipak Misra takes oath as Nov. 3:Hindi litterateur Krishna Sobti is the 45th Chief Justice of India at the chosen for the 2017 Jnanpith Award. Rashtrapati Bhavan. Nov. 9:The Kolkata-Khulna Bandhan Ex- Aug. 31: ISRO’s PSLV-C39 mis- press is (cid:141)agged o(cid:143) at the Kolkata sta- sion carrying the replacement navi- tion by Prime Minister Narendra gation satellite IRNSS-1H fails, after Modi, his Bangladeshi counterpart launch from the Satish Dhawan Sheikh Hasina and West Bengal Space Centre at Sriharikota. Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee through video-conferencing. Rajiv Mehrishi is appointed the Nov. 18: Former Prime Minister CAG. Manmohan Singh is chosen for the . 2017 Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Sept. 3: Nirmala Sitharaman be- Disarmament and Development. comes the (cid:144)1st woman in India to hold charge of the Defence portfolio Nov. 22: In a (cid:129)1st, India success- full time in a massive reshu(cid:157)e of the India’s fastest growing Institute for CAPF / CDS / NDA / AFCAT / EKT & Defence Exams fully test-(cid:129)res the air-launched version of the Sept. 3: North Korea tests a hydrogen bomb at Brahmos supersonic air-to-surface cruise its Punggye-ri Nuclear Weapons Institute missile from an IAF SU-30MKI aircraft. generating a 6.8 magnitude tremor felt in South Korea and China. NASA astronaut Peggy The Union Cabinet gives nod for Whitson returns to Earth aboard a Soyuz the setting up of the 15th Finance capsule and lands in Kazakhstan after Commission. spending 665 days in space, setting a record for Nov. 28: Prime Minister Narendra Modi calls the longest time in orbit by any woman. upon entrepreneurs from across the globe to “come, make in India, invest in India, for India Sept. 4: The ninth BRICS sumit and for the world”, inaugurating the Global in Xiamen, China, declares Pakis- Entrepreneurship Summit in Hyderabad. tan-based Jaish-e-Mohammad and LeT as terror organisations. Morocco-born French director Robin Campillo’s drama 120 BPM Sept. 7: At least 21 persons are wins the Golden Peacock Award at killed as Hurricane Irma, the lon- the 48th IFFI in Panaji, Goa. gest-lasting superstorm on record, Nov. 30: Cyclone Ockhi wreaks roars through the Caribbean. havoc in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Infosys names Capgemini veteran After 20 years in space, NASA’s Salil Parekh as CEO and MD. Cassini spacecraft makes its death plunge Dec. 4: The Madhya Pradesh As- into Saturn. sembly passes a Bill awarding death to those found guilty of raping girls Sept. 24: German Chancellor Angela Merkel aged 12 and below. wins a fourth term in OFFICE. Her conservative Dec. 6: India’s global initiative, bloc’s support slumps to its lowest since 1949. the International Solar Alliance, comes into existence. Catalans cast votes in indepen- Dec. 14: Prime Minister Naren- dence referendum. dra Modi commissions INS Kalvari, the (cid:129)rst of six Scorpene submarines Oct. 2: Americans Je(cid:141)rey C. Hall, into the Navy in Mumbai. Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Tamil poet and dramatist Inqui- Young are awarded the Nobel Prize lab is selected posthumously for the in Physiology or Medicine. Sahitya Akademi Award for 2017. But his family declines it. Oct. 3: U.S. astrophysicists Rain- Dec. 26: Vijay Rupani is sworn in er Weiss, Barry Barish and Kip as Gujarat’s 16th Chief Minister. Thorne are awarded the Nobel Phys- ics Prize. Dec. 27: Jairam Thakur is sworn Oct. 4: A trio of Swiss, American in Himachal Pradesh Chief Minister. and British scientists — Jacques Du- Dec. 28: The Lok Sabha passes bochet, Joachim Frank and Richard The Muslim Women (Protection of Henderson — is awarded the Nobel Rights on Marriage) Bill, 2017 that Chemistry Prize. makes instant talaq a criminal of- fence, with a jail term up to three Oct. 5: British author Kazuo Ishi- years. guro is named winner of the Nobel INTERNATIONAL Literature Prize. Aug 1: Shahid Khaqan Abbasi is sworn in as Pakistan’s Prime Minis- Oct. 6: Nuclear disarmament ter. campaign group, the International Aug. 3: Iranian President Hus- Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Wea- sain Rouhani is sworn into o(cid:143)ce for pons (ICAN), wins the Nobel Peace the second term Prize. Aug. 8: ASEAN turns 50. Oct. 9: U.S. economist Richard H. Thaler wins the Nobel Prize for India’s fastest growing Institute for CAPF / CDS / NDA / AFCAT / EKT & Defence Exams Economics. India’s Dalveer Bhandari is re- elected a judge of the ICJ at The Oct. 12: The U.S. and Israel an- Hague. nounce withdrawal from the UNESCO. Nov. 22: ‘Butcher of Bosnia’ Rat- ko Mladic is found guilty of genocide Oct. 13: U.S. President Donald and war crimes in the 1992-1995 Bal- Trump announces his decision to kan con(cid:143)icts and sentenced to life disavow the Iran nuclear deal. imprisonment by U.N. judges at the International Criminal Tribunal for Oct. 17: U.S. author George Saun- the former Yugoslavia at The Hague. ders wins Britain’s Man Booker Prize for 2017 for his (cid:129)1st full-length Emmerson Mnangagwa is sworn novel Lincoln in the Bardo. in Zimbabwe President at a ceremo- ny in the capital Harare. Oct. 18: The FDA gives nod for a second gene therapy for blood can- Nov. 26: Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters cer using the CAR-T technology, in is crowned Miss Universe 2017 at the which T cells from patient’s blood 66th Miss Universe competition in are reprogrammed to ghtlymphoma. Las Vegas, U.S. Oct. 22: Japanese Prime Minister Dec. 6: U.S. President Donald Shinzo Abe sweeps to a resounding Trump recognises Jerusalem as the victory in snap elections. capital of Israel. Nov. 15: Zimbabwe’s military Dec. 8: Britain and the EU reach seizes power and con(cid:129)nes President a historic deal on Brexit divorce Robert Mugabe to his home in the terms after talks in Brussels. capital Harare. The plenary meeting of the Was- senaar Arrangement in Vienna, Aus- Nov. 16: Puerto Rican singer Luis tria decides to admit India as the Fonsi’s viral dance hit Despacito 42nd member of the elite club. bags four major awards at the Latin Grammys at the MGM Grand Garden Dec. 9: Sri Lanka formally hands Arena in Las Vegas, U.S. over Hambantota port to China on a \ 99-year lease. Nov. 18: India’s Manushi Chhillar is crowned Miss World 2017 in Sanya Dec. 10: Beatrice Fihn, leader of on the Chinese island of Hainan. the ICAN is presented the Nobel Peace Prize won by the coalition at a Sri Lankan writer Anuk Arudpra- function in Oslo. gasam wins the 2017 DSC Prize for South Asian Literature for his debut Dec. 11: Saudi Arabia lifts a de- novel, The Story of a Brief Marriage cades-long ban on cinemas. at the Dhaka Lit Fest. The 11th ministerial meeting of Nov. 19: The Central Committee the WTO in Argentina ends in of ZANU-PF sacks President Robert discord. Mugabe as the party leader and re- places him with former Vice-Presi- Dec. 17: Sebastian Pinera wins dent Emmerson Mnangagwa. Chile’s presidency in the runo(cid:144) vote. Nov. 20: U.S. President Donald Trump declares North Korea a state French sailor Francois Gabart sponsor of terrorism at the start of a completes the fastest non-stop solo White House Cabinet meeting. navigation of the world in 42 days and 16 hours. India’s fastest growing Institute for CAPF / CDS / NDA / AFCAT / EKT & Defence Exams The U.S. vetoes the UN Security 22: K. Srikanth beats Korean Lee Council call for the Trump declaraion on Hyun II to win the Denmark Open Jerusalem to be withdrawn, Super Series title. even as 14 members vote in favour of the Egypt-drafted resolution. 28: England beats Spain 5-2 in the (cid:129)nal to win the FIFA u-17 World Cup Austria’s far-Right is sworn in part in Kolkata. of the new government under Chan- cellor Sebastian Kurz. 29: K. Srikanth bags the French Open Super Series. Dec. 21: The U.N. General Assembly adopts a motion rejecting U.S. President Donald NOVEMBER Trump’s declaration of Jerusalem as Israel 5: The Indian women’s hockey team capital. regains the Asia Cup after 13 years. OBTIUARY: 8: Mary Kom clinches gold in the AUGUST Asian women’s boxing championship. Aug. 1: P.M. Bhargava, 89, vete- ran molecular biologist , in DECEMBER Hyderabad. 3: Virat Kohli hits his sixth double Oct. 24: Girija Devi, 88, classical hundred, surpasses Brian Lara for singer, in Kolkata. most double tons by a Test captain. Dec. 4: Shashi Kapoor, 79, vete- ran actor, at the Kokilaben Dhirub- 7: Cristiano Ronaldo wins (cid:129)fIFth hai Ambani Hospital in Mumbai. Ballon d’Or, pulling level with Lionel Messi. Dec. 10: Lalji Singh, 70, ‘father of Indian DNA (cid:141)FIngerprinting,’ in 8: The visually-impaired swim- Varanasi. mer, Kanchanmala Pande, wins gold in the 200m medley event in SPORTS: the S-11 category at the World para championship, the (cid:129)rst Indian to AUGUST achieve the feat. 6: Justin Gatlin pips Usain Bolt in the World athletics championship in 13: Rohit Sharma scores his third London. ODI double century in the second match against Sri Lanka in Mohali, 26: Saurav Ghosal and Joshna Chinappa bag becomes the (cid:129)1st batsman to do so. the men’s and women’s National squash titles. 17: P.V. Sindhu wins silver in the September BWF World Super Series (cid:129)nal, los- 9: American Sloane Stephens beats Venus ing to Japan’s Akane Yamaguchi in Williams in the U.S. Open IN FInal to win the title clash in Dubai. her 1st Grand Slam. 10: Rafael Nadal beats Kevin An- 28: Viswanathan Anand wins the derson in straight sets to win his World rapid chess championship tit- third U.S. Open title, and 16th Grand le in Riyadh. Slam. SUMMITS: 16: P.V. Sindhu defeats Nozomi BRICS SUMMIT 2018 Okuhara of Japan to win the Korea Core Brics Members (5) - Brazil, Russia, India, China and Open Super Series. South Africa Recently Held/Future BRICS Summits and Venues OCTOBER o 9th BRICS Summit 2017 -- xiamen, china 22: India beats Malaysia 2-1 in the o 10th BRICS Summit 2018 --- johnnesberg, south africa (cid:129)nal in Dhaka to clinch its third Asia Cup hockey title. G-20 Summit 2018 India’s fastest growing Institute for CAPF / CDS / NDA / AFCAT / EKT & Defence Exams Headquarters - Cancún, Mexico Total Countries – 10 (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Establishment - 20 August 2003 Laos, Malaysia, Burma (Myanmar), Philippines, Singapore, Chairperson - Mauricio Macri Thailand, Vietnam Total Members – 20 (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Recently held ASEAN Summits Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, o 30th ASEAN Summit 2017 (April) - Philippines,Metro Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Manila Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom United States, European o 31st ASEAN Summit 2017 (November) – Philippine, Union) Clark, Freeport Zone Recently held G-20 Summits and Venues o 32nd ASEAN Summit 2018 (April) - Singapore o 12th G 20 Meeting 2017 – Germany o 33rd ASEAN Summit 2018 (November) - Singapore o 13th G 20 Meeting 2018 – Argentina, Buenos Aires SCIENCE: ALL THAT HAPPENED IN 2017 G-7 Summit 2018 Seven Earth-Sized Planets Found in Aquarius: called as G7. Establishment - 1975 Astronomers discovered seven Earth-sized Group of Seven Countries – France, Germany, Italy, exoplanets orbiting an ultracool star - TRAPPIST- Japan, United Kingdom, United States of America, Canada. I. The star is about the size of Jupiter and much Recently Held G7 Summits cooler than Sun, about 40 light-years from Earth in o 43rd G7 Summit 2017 – Italy the constellation Aquarius.. Follow-up observations o 44th G7 Summit 2018 – Canada with ground based telescopes and the Spitzer Space telescope now reveal that the third planet is actually NATO Summit four additional Earth-sized ones, three of which could NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization be habitable. If those planets have Earth-like Head Office : Brussels, Belgium atmospheres, they may even have liquid water oceans Members : 28 on their surfaces. Recent NATO Summits : o NATO Summit 2017 : Belgium (25th May) Cassini-Huygens - End of a Mission : o NATO Summit 2018 : Belgium (11th-12th july) The Cassini spacecraft orbited Saturn and ended its life on 15 September 2017 with a plunge into the BIMSTEC Summit ringed planet's atmosphere after a mission that lasted BIMSTEC – Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multisectoral 19 years and 11 months. It was a joint project of Technical and Economic cooperation NASA, ESA (European space Agency) and ASI – India – Myanmar – Sri (Italian Space Agency) to study the planet Saturn and Lanka – Thailand – Bhutan – Nepal its systems including its rings and natural satellites. The mission is known for discoveries such as finding jets of water erupting from Enceladus, and tracking SAARC Summits down a few new moons for Saturn. SAARC - South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Supercluster of Galaxies - Saraswati A team of e approximately every eighteen months. Indian astronomers from Inter-University Center for Headquarters – Kathmandu, Nepal Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), Pune, Indian Formation - 16 January, 1987 Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Countries (8) - Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pune, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Jamshedpur and Newman College (Thodapuzha) Recently Held SAARC Summits identified a massive supermega river of galaxies. The o 19th SAARC Summit 2016 – Islamabad, Pakistan new discovery has been named, Saraswati - which in (cancelled) Sanskrit literally means 'ever-flowing stream with many pools'. The supercluster is about 4 billion light ASEAN Summits (Important as it completed 50 yrs) years away. ASEAN - Association of South East Asian Nation Headquarters - Jakarta, Indonesia India Launched 104 Satellites in One Go : Establishment - 8 August 1967 ISRO created history around the world with the successful launch of 104 satellites in a single mission India’s fastest growing Institute for CAPF / CDS / NDA / AFCAT / EKT & Defence Exams on 15 February 2017. These satellites were launched NASA's Moon Mineralogy Mapper' wtricn new on board the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV- aboard India's Chandrayaan-l spacecraft' The study C37 on its 39'h mission from Satish Dhawan Space published in the journal Science Advances, builds on Centre, Sriharikota' It broke the earlier record of the initial iir"ou"ry in 2009 of water and a related taunching 37 satellites by Russia on 19 June 2014' Of molecule - hydroxyl - which consists of one atom the total 104 satellites, only three were Indian and each of hydrogen and oxygen in the lunar soil. The 101 were international. India's three satellites amount of water on Moon increases towards the included Cartosat-2 (main payload) and poles but gradually decreases towards the equator' It nanosatellites, INS-IA and INS-IB' . reaches a rnur,i*urn uuerage of around 500-750 parts per million in the higher latitudes. The researchers GSAT-9 is India's Gift to Neighbouring Countries said that the way the water is diitributed across the : Moon gives clues about its source' Also dubbed as the 'South Asia' satellite, GSAT-g with the kilowatts and an operational life of 12 years, Optical Polarisation Phenomenon of Fast GSATJ will be objective to provide various Spinning Star: communication applications in Ku-band with Scientists for the flrst time have detected polarized coverage over South Asian countries' was launched light from fast spinning star Regulus, one of the by the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle brightest stars about 79 light years away in the (GSLV-F09) on 5 May 2017. It will be used for constellation Leo. The discovery conflrmed the telecommunications, disaster management and Indian astrophysicist and Nobel Laureate weather forecasting to benef,t neighbouring countries Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar's theory of Afghanistan' nangtaaesi, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal emission ofpolarised light from the edges of stars and Sri Lanka' This 2195 Kilo"grams satellite is about 70 years ago. positioned at 480 east in the geostationary orbitl Costing uround Rs. 235 crore, the satellite will also Ligo Detects Collision of Neutron Stars for the contribute tolnhancing IT connectivity and First Time : Gravitational waves from a neutron facilitating teleeducation and telemedicine. star collision in the galaxy NGC 4993 were detected for the flrst time on 17 August 2017. The galaxy is India Launched its Heaviest'Rocket : located about 130 million light years away from the The Indian space progralnme notched up yet another Earth in the constellation Hydra. The collision known milestone success as the country's most powerful as 'kilonova' led to a rumble of gravitational wave rocket - GSLV Mk-III - soared into space piaclng the dubbed GWl70817 as detected by LIGO. communication satellite GSAT 19 (heaviest to be A$tronomers have believed that such explosions Ifted by an Indian rocket till date) on 5 June 2017. produced many of the heavier elements in the GSLV Mark III, also nicknamed 'Fat Boy" universe including precious metals like gold, silver weighed 640 tonnes and carried a 3136 kg GSAT-l9 and uranium. The kilonova associated with communication satellite to an altitude of around 179 GW170817 was observed by NASA's Hubble Space km above the Earth. The GSLV MkIII is capable of Telescope and Chandra X-ray Observatory. carrying payloads of up to 4000 kg into the Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) or about Israel Launched its First Environmental Research 10000 kg to the Low Earth Orbit (LEO), which is Satellite Venus: about twice the capability of GSLV MK-n. (Vegetation and Environment Monitoring New CurrentlY, India dePends on the European SPace Micro Satellite) is the flrst environmental research AgencY (ESA) for heavy launch of INSAT-class satellite launched by Israel to monitor the effects of satellites of 3.5 ton, which incurrs a cost of Rs 800 climate change on vegetation. It is a joint venture crore for each launch. GSLV MkIII makes it possible between the Israel Space Agency (ISA) and the for India to launch its heavier satellites at one-third French CNES space agency (Centre National the cost or at about Rs 350 crore. d'Etudes Spatiales). The satellite weighs 265 kilograms. Venus will monitor the Earth's vegetation First Global MaP of Water on Moon : using a camera capable of recording 12 narrow Scientists from Brown University have created the spectral bands. It will also test the operation of an first map of water trapped in the uppermost layer of innovative electric propulsion system based on the the Moon's soil' The study used data taken from Israeli designed Hall Effect Thrusters (HET). India’s fastest growing Institute for CAPF / CDS / NDA / AFCAT / EKT & Defence Exams short-arc lamps used for cinema projectors, utilized World's Lightest Satellite Designed by an Indian her.e to simulate sunlight. Scientists are hoping to Student : explore new ways of making hydrogen and exploring Weighing just 64 grams, NASA launched the world's cleaner energy sources using this technology. lightest satellite designed and built by lS-year-old Rifath Sharool and his team from India. The tiny SOHUM: Indigenously Developed Low-cost satellite has been named as 'KalamSat' after the Hearing Device for Newborns : former president and scientist Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam. SOHUM is an innovative medical device developed The satellite was launched into the space on a by the School oflnternational Biodesign (SIB) startup sounding rocket from NASA's facility in Wallops Sohum Innovation Labs India Pvt Ltd. It is a battery- Island. This 3.8 cm cube-structured satellite is a 3- operated device, hence it does not require babies to D printed satellite. Equipped with nano Geiger be sedated. Globally 8,00,000 babies are born Muller counter for measuring the radiation in space, hearing-impaired every year, and almost 1,00,000 of the satellite is built with reinforced carbon fibre them are born in India. This device uses brain-stem polymer. The satellite was operated for 12 minutes in auditory evoked response technology. It measures a micro-gravity environment of space after its flight. auditory brain waves with the help of three electrodes The purpose behind the launch of Kalamsat was to to that are placed on the baby,s head. When activated, demonstrate the performance of 3D-printed carbon the electrodes detect electrical responses generated flbre. by the brain's auditory system. If the device gets no response, it indicates that the child cannot hear. Russia Launches Mammoth Icebreaker Ship : Russia launched the world's biggest and most Fungus That Can Feed on Plastic : powerful icebreaker ship. Named 'Sibir', the ship is A fungus (Aspergillus tubingensis) has been powered by two nuclear reactors and can break three- discovered by scientists of the Chinese Academy of meter thick ice f,elds' The mammoth vessel weighs Sciences (CAS). The fungus was found in Pakistan 33,500 tons and stretches 173 metres in length. But and usually lives in soil, but can also grow on the Russia plans to build another enormous icebreaker surface of plastics. The plastic-eating fungus secretes ship called 'The Leader'. enzymes onto the surface of the plastic breaking the chemical bonds between the plastic molecules, or World's Biggest and Powerful X-ray Laser Gun polymers. Unveiled : Scientists in Germany have recently started operating the world,s most powerful X-ray laser. Known as the X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL), the European machine can capture images of individual atoms, in a few millionths of a billionth of a second! Its beam is 100 times more intense than if all the sunlight hitting the earth's surface was focused onjust a thumbnail. The machine will be used to help recreate conditions deep inside the sun, to make antibiotics as well as synthesise a new form of diamond. The facility is siruated near Hamburg, Germany and houses a series of tunnels which make up a mile long superconducting linear accelerator. Scientists Turn-on the World's Largest Artificial Sun in Germany: At the German Aerospace Center, in Juelich, scientists have used film projector lights to produce a glare that is almost 10,000 times the intensity of natural sunlight on Earth. The structure known as 'Synlight' is made up of a honeycomb of 149 spotlights. Each of these lights is a kind of xenon India’s fastest growing Institute for CAPF / CDS / NDA / AFCAT / EKT & Defence Exams SCEINCE AWARDS IN NEWS 2017: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017 has awarded jointly to Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young for their discoveries on how plants, animals and humans adapt their biological rhythm so that it is synchronised with the Earth’s revolutions. For many years, we have known that living organisms, including humans, have an internal clock that helps them adapt to the rotation of earth. But how does this clock actually work? It is explained through 2017 Nobel laureates discoveries. Using fruit flies as a model organism, they isolated a gene that controls the daily biological rhythm. They showed that this gene encodes a protein that accumulates in the cell during the night, and is then degraded during the day. The trio will share the prize sum of nine million Swedish kronor (about 1.1 million US Dollars) by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017 was awarded to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution. It’s a method of simplifying and improving the imaging of biomolecules. The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics has been jointly awarded to three US scientists – Rainer Weiss, Kip S. Thorne and Barry C. Barish – for the detection of gravitational waves. The ripples were predicted by Albert Einstein and are a fundamental consequence of his General Theory of Relativity. The winners are members of the Ligo-Virgo observatories, which were responsible for the MOHALI – SCO 111, 2nd Floor & 106, 1st Floor 9 Phase 10 | +91-7933685185, 8264357356 India’s fastest growing Institute for CAPF / CDS / NDA / AFCAT / EKT & Defence Exams breakthrough. The winners join a prestigious list of 204 other Physics laureates recognised since 1901. The trio will share the prize sum of nine million kronor prize. Prof Weiss gets half of the prize money, while Barish and Thorne will share the other half. Gravitational waves describe the stretching and squeezing of space-time that occurs when massive objects accelerate. British writer Kazuo Ishiguro has won the 2017 Nobel Prize for Literature. The novelist was praised by the Swedish Academy as a writer “who, in novels of great emotional force, has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world”.The prize of 9 million Swedish kronor will be awarded to him. The literature prize is given for a lifetime of writing rather than for a single work. Ishiguro has written eight books, which have been translated into over 40 languages. His most famous novels “The Remains of the Day” and “Never Let Me Go” were adapted into highly acclaimed films. He won the Booker Prize in 1989 for The Remains of the Day and made an Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1995. The 2017 Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear wea pons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons. The ICAN is a coalition of non-governmental organisations from over 100 countries around the globe. The headquarters of ICAN is located in Geneva, Switzerland. The purpose of the ICAN is to promote adherence to and full implementation of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. The Nobel Peace Prize, worth 9 million Swedish crowns ($1.10 million), will be presented in Oslo on December 10, 2017. The 2017 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences has been awarded to Richard H. Thaler for his contributions to behavioural economics. Thaler is an US economist and the Ralph and Dorothy Keller Distinguished Service Professor of Behavioral Science and Economics at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. The Nobel Prize for Economics, worth 9 million kronor, will be presented in Oslo on December 10, 2017. MOHALI – SCO 111, 2nd Floor & 106, 1st Floor 10 Phase 10 | +91-7933685185, 8264357356