INDIAN NATIONALISM Also by S. Irfan Habib Domesticating Modern Science: A Social History of Science and Culture in Colonial India (with Dhruv Raina) To Make the Deaf Hear: Ideology and Programme of Bhagat Singh and His Comrades Jihad or Ijtihad? Religious Orthodoxy and Modern Science in Contemporary Islam Situating the History of Science: Dialogues with Joseph Needham (edited with Dhruv Raina) ALEPH BOOK COMPANY An independent publishing firm promoted by Rupa Publications India First published in India in 2017 by Aleph Book Company 7/16 Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi 110 002 Anthology Copyright © Aleph Book Company 2017 Introduction Copyright © S. Irfan Habib 2017 Copyright for the individual pieces and translations vests in the respective authors and translators. pp. 276 to 285 (Notes and References) are an extension of the copyright page. While every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and obtain permission, this has not been possible in all cases; any omissions brought to our attention will be remedied in future editions. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, or stored in a retrieval system, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from Aleph Book Company. ISBN: 978-93-86021-05-2 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 CONTENTS A Note on the Book Introduction I. EARLY LIBERAL VIEW OF NATION AND CULTURE Mahadev Govind Ranade Revival or Reform: Imagining a New Nation Surendranath Banerjea We Are All Brothers in Arms II. RELIGION-CENTRIC NATIONALISM Bal Gangadhar Tilak Yearning for a Hindu Nation Revivalism and Nationality Who is an Alien? Lala Lajpat Rai A Study of Hindu Nationalism Communalism and Nationalism Bipin Chandra Pal Hinduism and Indian Nationalism Hinduism Nationalism: What it Stands For Sri Aurobindo Nationalism is ‘Religion’ Maulana Husain Ahmad Madani Composite Nationalism and Islam Allama Iqbal Is Composite Nationalism Possible in Islam? Nationalism is Antithetical to Islam III. COSMOPOLITAN VISION AND NATIONALISM Rabindranath Tagore Nationalism in India IV. INCLUSIVE NATIONALISM AND SYNCRETIC CULTURE Sarojini Naidu The Vision of Patriotism Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb—The Unity of Cultures Syncretism in Indian Culture Prafulla Chandra Ray Composite Culture and Nationality V. EMPATHY AND NATIONALISM Mahatma Gandhi Is Hatred Essential for Nationalism? Nationalism v. Internationalism VI. COMBATING FISSIPAROUS FORCES AND NATION BUILDING Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Unity and Nationalism VI. AN ECLECTIC VIEW OF NATIONALISM AND CULTURE Jawaharlal Nehru Nationalism and Internationalism What is Culture? VII. NATIONALISM DEFINED B. R. Ambedkar Who Constitutes a Nation? Labour and Nationalism VIII. RIGHT LIBERAL VIEW OF CULTURE AND NATIONALISM C. Rajagopalachari Need for a Dynamic Patriotism Indian Culture is Self-restraint Xenophobia and Linguistic Nationalism IX. REVOLUTIONARY VISION OF NATIONALISM Subhas Chandra Bose Communalism is not Nationalism Defeat Fanaticism for Healthy Nationalism Bhagat Singh Vision of Shared Nationalism Nation Sans Discrimination Why I Am an Atheist M. N. Roy On Patriotism Bourgeois Nationalism X. INDIVISIBLE NATIONALISM Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Indivisible Unity Called Indian Nationality Perils of Narrow Nationalism Nationalism and the Muslims Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Nationalism Transcends Religion XI. INTEGRATED NATIONALISM Khwaja Ahmad Abbas Search for an Integrated Indian Nationality Test for Muslims XII. NATION AND NATIONHOOD DEFINED Jayaprakash Narayan Origin of a Nation Aggressive Nationalism: A Danger to the World