THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://www.nap.edu/24818 SHARE Ū ſ Ŷ Þ Improving Motor Carrier Safety Measurement DETAILS 132 pages | 6 x 9 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-46201-3 | DOI: 10.17226/24818 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK Panel on the Review of the Compliance, Safety, and Accountability (CSA) Program of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Committee on National Statistics; Division of Behavioral and Social FIND RELATED TITLES Sciences and Education; Transportation Research Board; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports  – 10% off the price of print titles  – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests  – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Improving Motor Carrier Safety Measurement Prepublication Copy Uncorrected Proofs IMPROVING MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY MEASUREMENT Panel on the Review of the Compliance, Safety, and Accountability (CSA) Program of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Committee on National Statistics Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education Transportation Research Board A Report of Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Improving Motor Carrier Safety Measurement THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 This activity was supported by Award No. DTMC7516C0001 from the United States Department of Transportation’s Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Support of the work of the Committee on National Statistics is provided by a consortium of federal agencies through a grant from the National Science Foundation, a cooperative agreement from the National Agricultural Statistics Service, and several individual contracts. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number-XX: International Standard Book Number-XX: Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/24818 Additional copies of this publication are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2017 by the National Academies of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Suggested citation: The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Improving Motor Carrier Safety Measurement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/24818. Prepublication copy, uncorrected proofs Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Improving Motor Carrier Safety Measurement The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.national- academies.org. Prepublication copy, uncorrected proofs Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Improving Motor Carrier Safety Measurement Reports document the evidence-based consensus of an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and committee deliberations. Reports are peer reviewed and are approved by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Proceedings chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other convening event. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and have not been endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit nationalacademies.org/whatwedo. Prepublication copy, uncorrected proofs Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Improving Motor Carrier Safety Measurement PANEL ON THE REVIEW OF THE COMPLIANCE, SAFETY, AND ACCOUNTABILITY (CSA) PROGRAM OF THE FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY ADMINISTRATION JOEL GREENHOUSE (Cochair), Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University SHARON-LISE NORMAND (Cochair), Department of Biostatistics and Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School MICHAEL BELZER, Department of Economics, Wayne State University DAN BLOWER, University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute LINDA BOYLE, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington MICHAEL DANIELS, Department of Statistics and Data Sciences, University of Texas at Austin DON HEDEKER, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Chicago BRENDA LANTZ, Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University DAN MCCAFFREY, Educational Testing Service BRISA SANCHEZ, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan ROBERT SCOPATZ, VHB, Inc. JUNED SIDDIQUE, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University MICHAEL L. COHEN, Costudy Director ESHA SINHA, Costudy Director RICK PAIN, Consultant JACOB SPERTUS, Consultant ANDREW YARGER, Consultant AGNES GASKIN, Administrative Assistant MICHAEL J. SIRI, Program Coordinator Prepublication copy, uncorrected proofs v Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Improving Motor Carrier Safety Measurement COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL STATISTICS LAWRENCE D. BROWN (Chair), Department of Statistics, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania FRANCINE BLAU, Department of Economics, Cornell University MARY ELLEN BOCK, Department of Statistics, Purdue University MICHAEL E. CHERNEW, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School JANET M. CURRIE, Department of Economics, Princeton University DON A. DILLMAN, Social and Economic Sciences Research Center, Washington State University CONSTANTINE GATSONIS, Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University JAMES S. HOUSE, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan THOMAS L. MESENBOURG, U.S. Census Bureau (retired) SUSAN A. MURPHY, Department of Statistics and Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan SARAH M. NUSSER, Office of the Vice President for Research and Department of Statistics, Iowa State University COLM A. O’MUIRCHEARTAIGH, Harris School of Public Policy, The University of Chicago RUTH D. PETERSON, Criminal Justice Research Center, The Ohio State University ROBERTO RIGOBON, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology EDWARD H. SHORTLIFFE, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University and Arizona State University Prepublication copy, uncorrected proofs vi Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Improving Motor Carrier Safety Measurement TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2017 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE JAMES M. CRITES (Chair), Dallas–Fort Worth International Airport, Texas PAUL TROMBINO III (Vice Chair), Iowa Department of Transportation, Ames NEIL J. PEDERSEN (Executive Director), Transportation Research Board MEMBERS VICTORIA A. ARROYO, Georgetown Climate Center and Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC SCOTT E. BENNETT, Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department, Little Rock JENNIFER COHAN, Delaware Department of Transportation, Dover MALCOLM DOUGHERTY, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento A. STEWART FOTHERINGHAM, School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe JOHN S. HALIKOWSKI, Arizona Department of Transportation, Phoenix MICHAEL W. HANCOCK, Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, Frankfort SUSAN HANSON, Graduate School of Geography (emerita), Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts STEVE HEMINGER, Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Oakland, California CHRIS T. HENDRICKSON, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania JEFFREY D. HOLT, Power, Energy, and Infrastructure Group, BMO Capital Markets Corporation, New York ROGER B. HUFF, HGLC, LLC, Farmington Hills, Michigan GERALDINE KNATZ, Sol Price School of Public Policy, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles YSELA LLORT, Miami, Florida JAMES P. REDEKER, Connecticut Department of Transportation, Newington MARK L. ROSENBERG, The Task Force for Global Health, Inc., Decatur, Georgia KUMARES C. SINHA, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana DANIEL SPERLING, Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, and Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis KIRK T. STEUDLE, Michigan Department of Transportation, Lansing GARY C. THOMAS, Dallas Area Rapid Transit, Dallas, Texas PAT THOMAS, State Government Affairs, UPS, Washington, DC KATHERINE F. TURNBULL, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station DEAN WISE, Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway, Fort Worth, Texas EX OFFICIO THOMAS P. BOSTICK, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC JAMES C. CARD, TRB Marine Board, The Woodlands, Texas ALISON JANE CONWAY, Department of Civil Engineering, City College of New York, New York, and TRB Young Members Council Prepublication copy, uncorrected proofs vii Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Improving Motor Carrier Safety Measurement T. F. SCOTT DARLING III, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation MARIE THERESE DOMINGUEZ, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation SARAH FEINBERG, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation LEROY GISHI, Division of Transportation, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC JOHN T. GRAY II, Policy and Economics, Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC MICHAEL P. HUERTA, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation PAUL N. JAENICHEN, SR., Maritime Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation THERESE W. MCMILLAN, Federal Transit Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation MICHAEL P. MELANIPHY, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, D.C. GREGORY G. NADEAU, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation MARK R. ROSEKIND, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation CRAIG A. RUTLAND, U.S. Air Force Civil Engineer Center, Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida REUBEN SARKAR, U.S. Department of Energy BARRY R. WALLERSTEIN, South Coast Air Quality Management District, Diamond Bar, California GREGORY D. WINFREE, Office of the Secretary, U.S. Department of Transportation FREDERICK G. (BUD) WRIGHT, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC PAUL F. ZUKUNFT, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Department of Homeland Security Prepublication copy, uncorrected proofs viii Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Improving Motor Carrier Safety Measurement Acknowledgments To begin, the panel is grateful to the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) for providing the funds that made this study possible. We are particularly indebted to Joseph DeLorenzo, director, Office of Enforcement and Compliance, FMCSA, who provided three enormously useful presentations to the panel on various aspects of the Compliance, Safety Accountability Safety Management System (CSA/SMS), set up a meeting at FMCSA to learn more about the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) database, and helped identify stakeholders for various aspects of the workings of SMS. It is difficult to imagine how the panel could have functioned as well as it did without his inputs and assistance. Jack Van Steenburg and Scott Valentine of FMCSA also provided the panel with excellent presentations, and FMCSA staff in general, including Martin Walker and Albert Alvarez, provided us with several technical reports and answered a number of questions on various aspects of CSA/SMS. We would also like to call out Olu Ajayi of FMCSA’s Research Division and Dee Williams of the John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, who were very forthcoming in answering many queries related to MCMIS, including during a meeting at FMCSA in December 2016, all of which greatly facilitated our use of the MCMIS database. The panel also wishes to thank the presenters during our three information-gathering meetings. They included: Steve Bryan (Vigillo), Chris Burroughs (Transportation Intermediaries Association), Cary Catapano (National School Transportation Association), Tom DiSalvi (Schneider National), Jacqueline Duley (Engility Corporation), James Edwards (National Association of Small Trucking Companies), Jean Gardner (Central Analysis Bureau), Jay Grimes (Owner Operator Independent Drivers Association), H. Brandon Haller (Government Accountability Office), Julie Heckman (American Pyrotechnic Association), Collin Mooney (Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance), Daniel Murray (American Transportation Research Institute), John Lannen (Truck Safety Coalition), Don Osterberg (retired from Schneider National), Ken Presley (United Motorcoach Association), Andria Sequin (Schneider National), Irwin Shires (Panther Premium), Rudolph Supina (DATTCO), Eric Teoh (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety), Jeff M. Tessin (Government Accountability Office), Pat Thomas (United Parcel Service), William Voss (International Civil Aviation Organization), Tom Weakley (Owner Operator Independent Drivers Association), Ann Williamson (University of New South Wales), and Shuie Yankelewitz (Central Analysis Bureau). All of these individuals spent a great deal of their time preparing these presentations to advance the panel’s work. We would also like to thank Becky Weber (Prime Policy), who helped identify stakeholders for our second panel meeting. The panel also is indebted to staff of the National Academies outside of the Committee on National Statistics. They included staff in the Transportation Research Board, especially Steve Godwin, who provided extremely useful advice on potential panel members. We are also very grateful to Frank Porto of IT services, who was instrumental in hosting and extracting the MCMIS data and making it available to CNSTAT staff and panel members. The panel is very grateful as well to Jacob Spertus and Andrew Yarger for their data analysis that supported the conclusions and findings in the report. We are also greatly in the debt of Rick Pain, who delayed his retirement to provide us with critical information and advice throughout all phases of this study. Prepublication copy, uncorrected proofs ix Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.