N e CONTRIBUTORS v i n s Edited by / W Myron Nevins, dds a n g Hom-Lay Wang, dds, mds, phd A. Ackermann F. Alfonsi L. Aranguren G. Avila-Ortiz L. Canullo D. Cardaropoli H. Chan C. Chen Y. Cho CI lM ni IMPL A NT i J. Chow L. Cooper T. Cracknell M. de Araújo Nobre A. Decker M. Deflorian B. DeGroot M. Del Fabbro D. Ferreira c aP l A L p p A THERA PY S. Froum J. Fu F. Galli J. Ganeles W. Giannobile C. Hämmerle P. Hawker P. Hengjeerajaras R. Herman r o a N c h e T s M. Iwata R. Jung D. Kim G. Liddelow C. Lin K. Liu M. Ludlow S. Maeda P. Maketone a n dT Clinical Approaches and E vH i P. Maló G. Mandelaris J. Martins da Rosa R. Marx T. Matsui C. Misch A. Monje S. Mühlemann K. Nakamura d Evidence of Success e nE c e R o SECOND EDITION M.L. Nevins M. Nevins F. Norkin Y. Ono S. Ono Rubin S. Parel A. Parenti W. Park S. Parma Benfenati f A S u cP c e Y s L. Pereira M. Roncati M. Ronda K. Saburi T. Sasaki R. Scaini D. Schneider C. Shapoff Y. Shi s , S e c o n d E M. Simion M. Stefanini T. Testori C. Tinti I. Urbán L. Velasco S. Wallace C. Wang H. Wang d i t i o n ISBN 978-0-86715-798-7 H. Zadeh S. Zfaz G. Zucchelli 90000 9 780867157987 Nevins/Wang cover spread.indd 1 3/19/19 9:24 AM Implant Therapy: Clinical Approaches and Evidence of Success, Second Edition Nevins/Wang_FM.indd 1 3/4/19 3:43 PM Nevins/Wang_FM.indd 2 3/4/19 3:43 PM IMPLANT THERAPY Clinical Approaches and Evidence of Success SECOND EDITION Edited by Myron Nevins, dds Associate Professor Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity Harvard School of Dental Medicine Boston, Massachusetts Hom-Lay Wang, , , dds msd phd Collegiate Professor of Periodontics Professor and Director of Graduate Periodontics Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry Ann Arbor, Michigan Berlin, Barcelona, Chicago, Istanbul, London, Mexico City, Milan, Moscow, Paris, Prague, São Paulo, Seoul, Tokyo, Warsaw Nevins/Wang_FM.indd 3 3/4/19 3:43 PM Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Nevins, Myron, editor. | Wang, Hom-lay, 1958- editor. Title: Implant therapy : clinical approaches and evidence of success / [edited by] Myron Nevins, Hom-Lay Wang. Description: Second edition. | Batavia, IL : Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, 2019. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2019004076 | ISBN 9780867157987 (hardcover) Subjects: | MESH: Dental Implants | Dental Implantation--methods | Periodontal Diseases--therapy Classification: LCC RK667.I45 | NLM WU 640 | DDC 617.6/93--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019004076 © 2019 Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc 411 N Raddant Road Batavia, IL 60510 www.quintpub.com 5 4 3 2 1 All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Editor: Bryn Grisham Design: Sue Zubek Production: Kaye Clemens Printed in China Nevins/Wang_FM.indd 4 3/4/19 3:43 PM Contents Dedications viii Foreword ix Preface x Contributors xi A Clinical Decision: Save the Tooth or Place an Implant? 1 1 MYRON NEVINS • RICHARD I. HERMAN • YOSHIHIRO ONO From Osseointegration to Predictable Long-Term Implant Stability: 2 Clinicians’ Perspectives 19 2.1 THE DEVELOPMENT AND PREDICTABILITY OF OSSEOINTEGRATED IMPLANTS MYRON NEVINS 2.2 LONG-TERM RESULTS OF IMPLANTS IN NATIVE AND REGENERATED BONE MASSIMO SIMION 2.3 CONNECTIVE TISSUE ATTACHMENT TO A LASER-MICROTEXTURED SURFACE CARY A. SHAPOFF 2.4 LONG-TERM IMPLANT SUCCESS: PART I JEFFREY GANELES • FREDERIC J. NORKIN • LILIANA ARANGUREN • SAMUEL ZFAZ 2.5 LONG-TERM IMPLANT SUCCESS: PART II DAVID M. KIM • WONBAE PARK 2.6 LONG-TERM IMPLANT SUCCESS: PART III TAMSIN J. CRACKNELL • DEON FERREIRA • PETER HAWKER • ANDREW ACKERMANN Introduction to Implant Surgery: Optimal Positioning of the Dental 3 Implant 51 HOM-LAY WANG • JIA-HUI FU Implant Placement for the Mandibular Posterior Quadrant 63 4 HSUN-LIANG CHAN • HOM-LAY WANG • MYRON NEVINS An Introduction to the Success of Short Dental Implants 73 5 CRAIG M. MISCH The Evolution of Imaging and Associated Applications for Implant 6 Surgery 91 GEORGE A. MANDELARIS • BRADLEY S. DEGROOT Nevins/Wang_FM.indd 5 3/4/19 3:43 PM Decision Making for Implant Therapy in the Maxillary Esthetic 7 Zone 115 SVEN MÜHLEMANN • DAVID SCHNEIDER • RONALD E. JUNG • CHRISTOPH H. F. HÄMMERLE  Management of the Extraction Site: Socket Grafting 127 8 GUSTAVO AVILA-ORTIZ • HOMAYOUN H. ZADEH Placement of Dental Implants into Extraction Sockets 149 9 DAVID M. KIM • JERRY CHING-YI LIN • CHIA-YU (JENNIFER) CHEN Seeking the Optimal Esthetic Result in the Maxillary Anterior 161 10 DANIELE CARDAROPOLI Predictable Esthetic Anterior Maxillary Reconstruction with Dental 11 Implants and Maxillary Tuberosity Grafts 175 JOSÉ CARLOS MARTINS DE ROSA • LUÍS ANTÔNIO VIOLIN PEREIRA Immediate Loading of Implants in Edentulous and Partially Dentate 12 Patients 197 TIZIANO TESTORI • FABIO GALLI • RICCARDO SCAINI • MATTEO DEFLORIAN • ANDREA PARENTI • HOM-LAY WANG • MASSIMO DEL FABBRO Sinus Elevation in the Posterior Maxilla via the Lateral Window 13 Approach 223 STEPHEN S. WALLACE • TIZIANO TESTORI Maxillary Transcrestal Sinus Floor Elevation Procedures 263 14 HOM-LAY WANG • ANN DECKER • TIZIANO TESTORI The Use of Zygomatic Implants for Maxillary Edentulous 15 Patients 279 JAMES K. F. CHOW • GLEN LIDDELOW Treatment of the Edentulous Patient Using All-on-Four and the 16 Zygoma Implant 295 STEPHEN M. PAREL • PAULO MALÓ • MIGUEL DE ARAÚJO NOBRE Horizontal Bone Augmentation Procedures: A GBR Approach 311 17 MARCO RONDA • MASSIMO SIMION • FORTUNATO ALFONSI Vertical Bone Augmentation with Advanced Flap Design 327 18 ISTVAN URBAN Nevins/Wang_FM.indd 6 3/4/19 3:43 PM Growth Factors: Clinical Development for Periodontal and Implant 19 Applications 337 MARC L. NEVINS • WILLIAM V. GIANNOBILE • YOUNG-DAN CHO • (JEFF) CHIN-WEI WANG  The Introduction of Tissue Engineering for Bone Regeneration 355 20 ROBERT E. MARX Soft Tissue Management to Augment Implant Success 367 21 GIOVANNI ZUCCHELLI • MARTINA STEFANINI Implant-Abutment Junction: A Crestal Bone and Soft Tissue 22 Determinant 395 LUIGI CANULLO Effective Application of Orthodontics with Implant Therapy for 23 Periodontally Compromised Patients 407 YOSHIHIRO ONO • TAKESHI SASAKI • MITSUHIRO IWATA • SACHIKO MAEDA • TOKOU MATSUI • KIMIO NAKAMURA • KIYONOBU SABURI • SATOKO ONO RUBIN The Interaction Between Implantology and Orthognathic 24 Surgery 419 LEANDRO G. VELASCO Etiology and Management of Post-Loading Complications: Implant 25 Loss or Failure and Peri-implantitis 435 STUART J. FROUM • PARNWARD HENGJEERAJARAS • KUAN-YOU LIU • PANPICHA MAKETONE • YE SHI Regenerative Protocol to Treat Peri-implantitis 455 26 STEFANO PARMA-BENFENATI • CARLO TINTI • MARISA RONCATI The Importance of Dedicated Maintenance Therapy for Long-Term 27 Success 475 MARISA RONCATI Peri-implant Maintenance Therapy for Long-Term Success 491 28 ALBERTO MONJE • HOM-LAY WANG Implant Complications: A Reality Requiring Prevention 501 29 MARK E. LUDLOW • LYNDON F. COOPER Index 514 Nevins/Wang_FM.indd 7 3/4/19 3:43 PM Dedications I dedicate this effort to my wife, Marcy. She has remained the wind beneath my wings, even when I was preoccupied with the editing process. She is my best friend and soulmate and encourages my commitment to education. —Myron Nevins I dedicate this book to my lovely family, my research collaborators, my friends, my former and current students, my chairs, and the University of Michigan for their continued support of my career. Without their sacrifices and support, this journey would be impossible. —Hom-Lay Wang viii Nevins/Wang_FM.indd 8 3/4/19 3:43 PM Foreword Oral implant therapy is recognized as one of the posed by each area. The cases and illustrations wonder- most significant innovations of dentistry in the fully depict the clinical scenarios and treatment protocols 20th century. The reconstruction of edentulous to emphasize the principles so well portrayed in the book. or partially edentulous patients with osseointegrated dental There are valuable chapters on managing the maxillary implants has been revolutionary to improve esthetics, sinus or when insufficient vertical and/or lateral alveolar phonetics, and function for our patients. In this compre- bone is available. Treatment alternatives using sinus floor hensive book, Drs Myron Nevins and Hom-Lay Wang— augmentation, vertical bone augmentation, or the use of leaders in regenerative and reconstructive dentistry—have short dental implants play into these alternatives prepared assembled a text that will be a tremendous benefit to by leaders in the field. The use of cutting edge therapies students, clinical scholars, and practicing clinicians alike. for hard and soft tissue reconstruction using tissue engi- Given the strong adoption of dental implant therapy into neering methodologies (growth factor biologics, novel clinical practice, it has become increasingly important for scaffolding technologies, or bone graft substitutes) have clinicians to have the proper guidance in both the identi- improved the repertoire of regenerative options for reha- fication of suitable patients and the clinical scenarios for bilitation for the partially or fully edentulous patient. the placement of dental implants for oral rehabilitation. Drs Nevins and Wang also bring together critical aspects No longer is it sufficient for a dental implant simply to in interdisciplinary clinical care in highly complex clini- survive: To be successful, implants must be placed opti- cal situations, when tooth preservation is often coupled mally to provide the proper esthetics and function that with implant therapy as well as with orthodontics and/or last predictably over time. Thus, the appropriate training orthognathic surgery. Loading protocols for immediate- or and treatment planning is critical to implant success to delayed-implant placement are presented to consider the avoid biologic and/or technical complications that have most appropriate applications of these treatment guide- increasingly plagued implant therapeutic outcomes over lines. How these reconstructions are planned, delivered, the years. and maintained both provisionally and long-term are In this text, Drs Nevins and Wang have brought presented in fine detail. together chapters from leaders in implant dentistry. First, With the long-term maintenance of dental implants, they work to improve the understanding about clinical a key biologic complication following therapy is the decision making over the dilemma of tooth preservation initiation and progression of peri-implantitis. This versus extraction. However, if extraction of a hopeless difficult-to-manage clinical situation is addressed using tooth is required, how do we appropriately treatment plan? a variety of approaches, ranging from nonsurgical care The plan must be designed for the good of the patient to to resection, regenerative therapy, or implant removal facilitate the coordination of the team of surgeons, restor- and augmentation of the residual bony defect. Finally, ative dentists, and auxiliaries needed to deliver functional specific protocols are presented for appropriate dental implant reconstructions for the lifetime of the patient. The implant maintenance therapy in collaboration with restor- first several chapters of the book focus significantly on ative dentists, surgeons, and dental hygienists to promote treatment planning, including the use of 3D imaging and the long-term preservation, stability, and clinical success patient and implant-site risk assessment to determine the of osseointegrated dental implants. potential for implant installation and clinical success. If In summary, I anticipate that this text will be a valu- there are insufficient soft and hard tissues present, how able asset to the student and clinician who have the high- does a surgeon augment deficient alveolar bone ridges est standards of clinical care. Please enjoy the book and for single or multi-implant placements? The book provides implement the principles presented here for the optimal expert step-by-step guidance on local bone augmenta- rehabilitation of the dental implant patient. tion situations by region (anterior, posterior, mandibular, and maxillary areas) and the unique clinical challenges William V. Giannobile, dds, ms, dmedsc ix Nevins/Wang_FM.indd 9 3/4/19 3:43 PM