Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Jan 29, 2023 Impact of advanced wind power ancillary services on power system Hansen, Anca Daniela; Altin, Müfit Publication date: 2015 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Hansen, A. D., & Altin, M. (2015). Impact of advanced wind power ancillary services on power system. DTU Wind Energy. 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Hansen and Müfit Altin DTU Wind Energy E-0081 January 2015 Forfatter(e): Anca D. Hansen, Müfit Altin Titel: Impact of advanced wind power ancillary services on power system 2015 Institut: DTU Wind Energy Resume (mask. 2000 char.): ISBN 978-87-93278-26-4 The objective of this report is to illustrate and analyse, by means of simulation test cases, the impact of wind power advanced ancillary services, like inertial response (IR), power oscillation damping (POD) and synchronising power (SP) on the power system. Generic models for wind turbine, wind power plant and power system are used in the investigation. Kontrakt nr.: [Tekst] Projektnr.: [Tekst] Sponsorship: PSO Forside: [Tekst] Danmarks Tekniske Universitet DTU Vindenergi Nils Koppels Allé Bygning 403 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Telefon www.vindenergi.dtu.dk Table of Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Scope of the document ........................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Reading guidelines ................................................................................................................. 4 1.3 References ............................................................................................................................ 4 2 Enhanced ancillary services from wind power .......................................................................... 5 3 Test cases .............................................................................................................................. 9 4 Inertial Response (IR) .......................................................................................................... 10 4.1 Simulation test cases for IR................................................................................................... 12 4.2 Success Criteria ................................................................................................................... 12 4.3 Inertial response simulations – partial load case (0.86 pu wind speed) ...................................... 13 4.4 Inertial response simulations – full load case (1.2 pu wind speed) ............................................ 17 5 Power oscillation Damping (POD) ........................................................................................ 23 5.1 POD controller .................................................................................................................... 23 5.2 Definition of simulation test cases for POD ............................................................................ 24 5.3 Parameters of the POD controller .......................................................................................... 24 5.4 Success criteria .................................................................................................................... 25 5.5 POD test cases – simulations with remote measurement .......................................................... 25 5.5.1 20% wind penetration - POD Simulations with remote PoM on Line 6-1 ...................... 25 5.5.2 50% wind penetration - POD Simulations with remote PoM on Line 6-1 ...................... 28 5.5.2.1 POD only activated in WPP1 .................................................................................... 29 5.5.2.2 POD only activated in WPP2 .................................................................................... 30 5.5.2.3 POD only activated in WPP3 .................................................................................... 30 5.5.2.4 POD activated simultaneously in WPP1, WPP2 and WPP3 ......................................... 31 5.6 POD test cases – simulations with local measurements ............................................................ 33 5.6.1 20% wind penetration - POD Simulations with local measurement .............................. 33 5.6.2 50% wind penetration - POD Simulations with local measurement .............................. 36 5.6.2.1 POD only activated in WPP1 .................................................................................... 36 5.6.2.2 POD only activated in WPP2 .................................................................................... 38 5.6.2.3 POD only activated in WPP3 .................................................................................... 40 5.6.2.4 POD activated simultaneously in WPP1, WPP2 and WPP3 ......................................... 41 6 Synchronizing Power (SP) .................................................................................................... 48 6.1 SP controller and parameters ................................................................................................. 48 6.2 Definition of simulation test cases for SP ............................................................................... 48 6.3 Success criteria .................................................................................................................... 49 6.4 Simulation results of the SP test cases .................................................................................... 50 7 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 55 2 Appendix A – POD remote measurements ........................................................................................57 50% wind power penetration ............................................................................................................57 A1 – POD only in WPP1 .................................................................................................................57 A2- POD only in WPP2...................................................................................................................58 A3 - POD only in WPP3 ..................................................................................................................59 A4 – POD activated in WPP1, WPP2 and WPP3 ...............................................................................60 Appendix B – POD local measurements ...........................................................................................61 B1 - 20% wind power penetration ...................................................................................................61 B2 – 50% wind power penetration ....................................................................................................62 B2.1 – POD only in WPP1...............................................................................................................62 B2.2 – POD only in WPP2...............................................................................................................63 B2.3 – POD only in WPP3...............................................................................................................64 Abbreviations CPP conventional power plants IR inertial response PCC point of common coupling POD power oscillation damping PoM point of measurement pu per-unit ROC rate-of-change SP synchronizing power WPP wind power plant WPPC wind power plant controller WTG wind turbine 3 Preface This report is elaborated as part of the work done in the project titled “Enhance ancillary services from wind power” (EaseWind). The project was funded by the Danish TSO as PSO project 2011 no. 10653, and it was carried out in collaboration between Vestas Wind System A/S, DTU Wind Energy, DTU Compute and Aalborg University IET. Vestas Wind System A/S has been the manager of the project. The report has been internally reviewed and approved by Vestas and Aalborg University IET. 1 Introduction 1.1 Scope of the document The scope of this document is to illustrate and analyse, by means of simulation test cases, the impact of wind power advanced ancillary services, like inertial response (IR), power oscillation damping (POD) and synchronising power (SP) on the power system. The simulation test cases are designed for reproducing the respective ancillary service and a realistic behaviour and operation of medium/large power systems with high wind power penetration. In this investigation, as a limitation of the scope, an independent actuation of the new ancillary services is considered, namely no multiple ancillary service algorithms are running in parallel. The impact of each individual ancillary service on the power system is presented for different wind power penetration levels. The technical capability of the wind power plants to deliver the new advanced ancillary services is illustrated and discussed through simulations. Details for the developed wind turbine and wind power plant models are in [1-3]. The verification of the models is out of scope of the document. The present report is not targeting to show the tuning methodology of the controller parameters, as these parameters are tuned in the work done in WP1 of the project. Furthermore, the communication delays are not included in the implementation of the controllers, as they are assumed compensated based on the information delivered in the work done in WP1. 1.2 Reading guidelines The reader is assumed to be familiar with the modelling and control capabilities of modern WPP, as well as with stability mechanisms and controls in power systems. 1.3 References [1] A. Hansen and M. Altin, “Modelling of wind power plant controller, wind speed time series, aggregation and sample results”, DTU Wind Energy E-0064, 2015 [2] P. Mahat,”Power system Model for New ancillary services”, Report Aalborg University, 2013 [3] Müfit A., “Dynamic Frequency Response of Wind Power Plants”, PhD Thesis, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, 2012. [4] Adamczyk, A., “Damping of Low Frequency Power System Oscillations with Wind 4 Power Plants”, PhD Thesis, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, 2012. 2 Enhanced ancillary services from wind power In order to assess the impact of wind power advanced ancillary services, like inertial response (IR), power oscillation damping (POD) and synchronising power (SP) on the power system, the generic power system described in [2] with different wind power penetration scenarios, and the aggregated WPP model, described in [1], are utilised. Figure 1 depicts a typical configuration and control architecture of a WPP. It consists of a WPP, composed of several wind turbines connected to the grid at the PCC through a main transformer, a wind power plant controller WPPC, communication system and measurement devices for voltage, current, grid frequency and power at the PCC. The WPPC is getting power settings from TSO via SCADA system. Besides a dispatch block, ancillary services block and services allocation block, the WPPC also contains a grid condition and monitoring block, which delivers the grid frequency and frequency gradient estimation, active and reactive power calculation based on voltage and currents measurements. 5 DSO / TSO Wind Power Plant Controller (WPPC) Grid Dispatch A monitoring D A Power forecast C S Ancillary Services services allocation Feedback signals Communication Setpoints Measurements Power system PoM PCC Main Transformer Measurement devices Wind Power Plant (WPP) Figure 1: Wind power plant configuration. The overall structure for the Wind Power Plant Controller (PPC), described in details in [1] is given in Figure 2. It consists of an ancillary services (control functionalities) block, services allocation block and a dispatching block. 6 Wind power plant (WPP) Ancillaryservices Basic PmPeCaCs QmPeCaCs Wind turbine Balance control Delta control PsWetPpoPint WPP Controller PrWefP_Pbasic Σ PrWefPP PrWefT,i Power ramprate control QWPP v QWPP QWPP Disvpatch QWT v setpoint ref_basic Σ ref ref,i WTs Reactivepower control Power factor control Wind measurements Frequencycontrol Voltagecontrol PWT TSO ref,i activation Estimvated PWTs available Enhanced available power ∆P ∆P Inertialresponse i k Services’ Power System Damping ∆Qi allocvation ∆Qk Synchronizingpower References operation mode Measurements Figure 2: Wind power plant control architecture [1]. The new control functionalities, targeted in EASE Wind project, are: • inertial response (IR), • synchronising power (SP) • power oscillation damping (POD) on the power system to the power system with large wind power penetration. Figure 3 depicts the typical in/out waveforms for the new control functionalities implemented in the WPP level together with the default WPPC controls [1]. The test cases, presented in this report, will consider one activated control functionality per time at the related power system events. As described in [1], an aggregated wind power plant model is used to represent the generic behaviour of the wind power plant with the stability phenomena needed amount of detail. Accordingly, the wind power plant is assumed as a single unit, thus the dispatch block distributing references for individual wind turbines inside WPP is omitted in this study. 7 1pu Grid Frequency ∆f ∆P IR time df/dt IR controller ∆P WPP Power Output time Load Angle ∆δ ∆P Time SP ∆θ SP controller WPP power output Time Active Power or Current Magnitude I ∆Q time POD P POD controller ∆P WPP Active or Reactive Power output POD time Figure 3: Typical in/out waveforms overview of the new control functionalities [1]. The aggregated WPP model is integrated in the 12-bus power system model [2] in order to perform and analyse different simulation test cases. The generic power system model, shown in Figure 4, has been developed with the wind power scenarios which vary from 0% to 50% penetration levels. It reproduces the necessary grid characteristics for actuation and impact assessment of the new enhanced ancillary services, like inertial response (IR), power oscillation damping (POD) and synchronising power (SP) on the power system. A complete description of it can be Bus 6 13.8-15 kV TG4 Bus 12 L6 230 kV G4 345 kV Bus 1 150 MW 500 MVA @0.95 Area 2 Bus 4 Line 1-6 Line 4-6 Bus 9 300 km 300 km (Slack) TG1 C4 Bus 5 L4 G1 L5 C5 Bus 2 Bus 10 300 MW 200 MVAR 768 MVA L2 TG2 100 MW 40 MVAR @0.85 G2 @0.9 Line 4-5 250 MW @0.9 640 MVA 150 km Area 4 L1 Line 1-2 Line 2-5 Line 3-4 Area 3 (double) 100 km 400 km 300 MW 100 km @0.85 Area 1 Bus 3 AT1 Bus 7 Bus 8 AT2 Line 7-8 600 km TG3Bus 11 L3 L7 G3 350 MW 400 MVA @0.95 -100 MVAR 8 Figure 4: Structure for Generic 12-bus System for Wind Integration Studies [2].