TAREEKH SYLLABUS - CLASS 9 Lesson Topic LESSON 1 - IMAM ALI ZAINUL ABIDEEN (A) LESSON 2 - IMAM MUHAMMAD AL-BAQIR (A) LESSON 3 - IMAM JA'FAR AS-SADIQ (A) LESSON 4 - IMAM MUSA AL-KAZIM (A) LESSON 5 - IMAM ALI AR-RIZA (A) LESSON 6 - IMAM MUHAMMAD AT-TAQI (A) LESSON 7 - IMAM ALI AN-NAQI (A) LESSON 8 - IMAM HASAN AL-ASKARI (A) LESSON 9 - IMAM MUHAMMAD AL-MAHDI (A) - PT 1 LESSON 10 - IMAM MUHAMMAD AL-MAHDI (A) - PT 2 LESSON 11- IMAM MUHAMMAD AL-MAHDI (A) - PT 3 LESSON 12 - IMAM MUHAMMAD AL-MAHDI (A) - PT 4 LESSON 13 - PROPHET MUSA (A) - PART 1 LESSON 14 - PROPHET MUSA (A) - PART 2 LESSON 15 - PROPHET MUSA (A) - PART 3 LESSON 16 - PROPHET ISA (A) - PART 1 LESSON 17 - PROPHET ISA (A) - PART 2 LESSON 18 - PROPHET YA'QUB (A) Tareekh Page 9.1 www.madressa.net LESSON 1: IMAM ALI ZAINUL ABIDEEN (A) Name: Ali Title: Zainul Abideen (The Jewel of Worshippers) Kuniyat: Abu Muhammad Father: Imam Husain (A) Mother: Bibi Shahr Banu (A) Birthdate: 5th Sha’ban 38 A.H. in Madina Imamat: From 61 A.H. to 95 A.H. Martyrdom: 25th Muharram 95 A.H. Buried: Madina, Saudi Arabia. Imam (A) was the eldest son of Imam Husain (A). His mother was the Persian princess Bibi Shahr Banu (A), daughter of King Yazdjard II, the last pre-Islamic ruler of Iran. He spent the first two years of his life under the care of his grandfather Imam Ali (A), and the next twelve years under the guardianship of his uncle Imam Hasan (A). In 61 A.H. he was present in Karbala, where his father, relatives and the companions of his father were mercilessly killed by the forces of Yazid. At the time, he was too ill to fight and was thus preserved by Allah to continue the line of Imamat. Imam (A) lived 34 years after his father and all his life was passed in prayers and Du'as to Allah and in the remembrance of the tragedy of Karbala. His habit of frequent prostration in Sajdah caused him to be popularly known as Sajjad. He was also called 'Abid. In his time, no one could equal the piety and awareness of Allah that he possessed. He was so mindful of Allah that whenever he sat for Wudhu, the colour of his face would change and when he stood for Namaaz his body would be seen trembling. When he was asked why he became like this, he replied, "Do you not know before Whom I stand in prayers, and with Whom I talk?" Imam (A) had a habit of going out at night with bags of money, food and even firewood. When he reached the houses of the poor and needy, he would distribute what he had without revealing his identity. It was only after his death that the people found out that their helper was actually Imam (A) himself. QUESTION BOX How do we feel about giving charity? Would we go out of our way to help those in need? Tareekh Page 9.2 www.madressa.net Imam (A) was part of the caravan of captives that was led from Karbala to Kufa and then to Sham after the martyrdom of Imam Husain (A) and his companions. The cruel army of Yazid chained the hands and legs of Imam (A) and made him wear an iron neckband with spikes facing inwards. The chains used to heat up in the hot desert and burn his flesh to the bone. These wounds continued to give him discomfort for the rest of his life. In Sham, Imam (A) and the ladies and children of the party of Imam Husain (A) were imprisoned in very harsh conditions. Yazid once called Imam (A) and asked him to speak. Imam (A) gave such a powerful lecture that the feelings of the people began to be swayed towards him. Yazid was alarmed at this and ordered that Adhaan be recited so that Imam's (A) words would be cut off. At this, Imam (A) commented that he was the grandson of the same Muhammad (S) whose name they were reciting in Adhaan. Due to the pressure of public opinion, Yazid decided to free his prisoners and let them return to Madina. But after his return, Imam (A) was again chained and sent to Sham on the order of the Bani Umayyah Caliph Abdul Malik. Later he was allowed to return to Madina. After his return to Madina he retired from public life and was only in contact with some of the Shia who learnt from him and taught others. Once when the Bani Umayyah Caliph, Waleed bin Abdul Malik, came for Haj, he could not get near and kiss the Black Stone (Hajare Aswad) because of the crowd of people. While he was sitting waiting for the rush to die down, he saw Imam (A) enter the Haraam and go straight towards the Black Stone. The crowds parted for him and he managed to kiss the blessed stone quite easily. Waleed was annoyed by this and asked who this man was, although he had recognised Imam (A). Tareekh Page 9.3 www.madressa.net A Shia poet, Farazdak, who was standing nearby, heard him and was irritated by the petty remark of Waleed. In reply to Waleed's question he composed a powerful and moving poem in praise of Imam (A). This poem exists today and is considered to be one of the masterpieces of Arabic literature. A part of the poem reads: Farazdak’s Poem.. “This is the one whose footsteps the desert knows. The House of Allah, The sanctuary of Makkah and its outskirts also know him. This is the son of the best servant of Allah, among all servants of Allah. This is the pious, pure, chaste and most renowned man. Should any man from Quraish see him, they would say: Lo! All generosity ends in this generous man. This is the son of Fatima, in case you don’t know him. With his grandfather, the Prophet’s of Allah were sealed.” Imam (A) was prevented by the government to preach openly so he used Du'as to guide the people. His Du'as contained a wealth of teaching and wisdom and many of them exist today. His most famous work is the book of 57 Du'as known as Sahifa-e- Kaamilah or Sahifa- e-Sajjadia. RESEARCH BOX (cid:9) Find out about the 15 whispered prayers in Sahifa-e-Kaamilah. Imam (A) was poisoned by Waleed bin Abdul Malik in 95 A.H. and is buried in Jannatul Baqee in Madina next to Imam Hasan (A). Tareekh Page 9.4 www.madressa.net Now you know… ♦ Other names of our Imam (A) include ‘Abid’ (the worshipper) and ‘Sajjad’ (because of his habit of frequent prostration in Sajdah) ♦ Imam (A) was present in Kerbala in 61 AH, where he was too ill to fight. He was taken as a prisoner with all the women and children through Kufa to Shaam. Later Yazid was pressured to release them, and let them return to Madina. ♦ The cruel army of Yazid chained Imam (A)’s hands and legs, and made him wear an iron neckband with spikes facing inwards. These wounds continued to give him discomfort for the rest of his life. ♦ Imam (A) used to go out at night with bags of money, food and firewood, which he would distribute to the poor and needy without revealing his identity. It was only after his death that the people found out that their helper was actually Imam (A). ♦ The Imam (A) was the most pious man in his time. He was always mindful of Allah that even while doing Wudhu and standing for Namaaz, he would tremble. ♦ Imam (A) was not allowed to preach Islam in public by the government, so he taught and guided the people with his Du’as. His most famous work is the book of 57 Du'as known as Sahifa-e- Kaamilah. ♦ Imam (A) was poisoned by Waleed bin Abdul Malik in 95 A.H. and is buried in Jannatul Baqee in Madina next to his uncle Imam Hasan (A). MORAL BOX (cid:153) We should learn from the generosity and charity of our Imam (A) who shared all that he had, and helped the poor and needy, without them even knowing him. (cid:153) We should understand and follow the footsteps of our Imam (A) especially in his Patience, Piety and awareness of Allah at all times. (cid:153) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Tareekh Page 9.5 www.madressa.net LESSON 2: IMAM MUHAMMAD AL-BAQIR (A) Name: Muhammad Title: al-Baqir (One who Dissects Knowledge) Kuniyat: Abu Ja'far Father: Imam Ali Zainul Abideen (A) Mother: Bibi Fatimah binte Hasan (A) Birthdate: 1st Rajab 57 A.H. in Madina Imamat: From 95 A.H. to 114 A.H. Martyrdom: 7th Zilhaj 114 A.H. Buried: Madina, Saudi Arabia. Imam (A) enjoys the unique position of having both paternal and maternal grandfathers as Imams. His mother, Fatimah, was the daughter of Imam Hasan (A). The Holy Prophet (S) had told his companion, Jabir bin Abdullah Ansari that he would live to see the Fifth Imam (A) whose name would be Muhammad. He asked him to convey his Salaams to this Imam (A), which Jabir managed to do shortly before he died. Imam (A) was brought up for 3 years by his grandfather, Imam Husain (A). He was present in Karbala at the time of martyrdom of Imam Husain (A) and his friends. He also spent a year in the prison of Damascus with his father and the rest of the children and ladies of the martyrs of Karbala. He lived for 20 years in Madina after the death of his father. EXERCISE BOX (cid:190)(cid:190)(cid:190) Draw the family tree of our fifth Imam (A) including both paternal and maternal sides of his family till the Holy Prophet (S). Imam (A) was left in relative peace by the rulers because the Bani Umayyah were busy in trying to control the rebellions and wars that were breaking out all over the Muslim empire. Taking advantage of this opportunity, Imam (A) set up and conducted classes on the teachings of the Holy Prophet (S) and the Ahlul Bayt (A). Under his guidance, his pupils compiled various books on different branches of science and arts. Imam (A) also began to teach new sciences like Mathematics and Chemistry for the first time in Arabia. Tareekh Page 9.6 www.madressa.net QUESTION BOX The Imam (A) gave great importance to academic education as well as Islamic education. How are we implementing this in our lives? Imam (A) gave much importance to holding Majalis where the event of Karbala would be remembered. At the same time, practical instructions about the teachings of Islam would also be given. These meetings were also encouraged by Imam Ja'far Sadiq (A) and Imam Ali Riza (A) in later years. One of the Caliphs at the time of Imam (A) was Waleed bin Abdul Malik. Once, the ruler of Rome wrote to Waleed saying that the Roman coins, which were also used by Muslims, would now carry anti-Islamic phrases. The Caliph decided that a new Dinar coin should be minted. A problem arose as to what phrase should be used on the new coin. When consulted, Imam (A) suggested that the phrase "Laa Ilaha Illallah" be printed on one side, and "Muhammadur Rasulullah" on the other. This advice was accepted, and the first Islamic coin was thus minted. RESEARCH BOX (cid:9) Find examples as to how the Imam of our time (A) is able to help and guide all his followers, even though he is in Ghaibah (hiding). Tareekh Page 9.7 www.madressa.net Imam (A) continued to preach peacefully until 114 A.H. Then, the Caliph of the time, Hisham bin Abdul Malik, turned his attention to him. He had heard of the fame and following of Imam (A) and he was scared and jealous of the influence that Imam (A) had over the Muslims, especially in Madina. He therefore arranged with Zayd bin Hasan to deliver a saddle coated with poison to Imam (A). Zayd brought the saddle with a letter from Hisham. On seeing the saddle, Imam (A) remarked that it was a pity that Zayd was involved in this terrible plan. However, demonstrating his contentment in the Will of Allah, Imam (A) rode on the saddle. The poison took effect immediately. His condition steadily grew worse for three days. QUESTION BOX Even though the Imam (A) knew abo ut the evil plans of the caliph, he still rode on the saddle as it was the will of Allah. When we come across things in our life which we don’t like, do we complain or thankfully accept the will of Allah? Just before his death, he called the people of Madina and told them that his son Ja'far (A) would be the Imam after him, and that he should give him Ghusl and Kafan. Imam (A) breathed his last on 7th Zilhajj 114 A.H. at the age of 57 years and was buried in Jannatul Baqee next to his father. Tareekh Page 9.8 www.madressa.net Now you know… ♦ Imam (A) is the only Imam who has Imams as both his paternal and maternal grandfathers. ♦ Imam (A) was also present in Karbala in 61AH, and was taken with his father and all the women and children, through Kufa to Shaam where they were imprisoned. ♦ Imam (A) had a chance to set up classes in which he taught the teachings of the Ahlul Bayt (A). This was because the Bani Umayyah were busy in trying to control the rebellions and wars that were breaking out all over the Muslim empire. The Imam (A) also taught sciences like chemistry and maths. ♦ The first Islamic coin was minted, with the advice of the Imam (A) to print "Laa Ilaha Illallah" on one side and “Muhammadur Rasulullah on the other. ♦ During 114 A.H. the Caliph of the time, Hisham bin Abdul Malik had heard of the fame and following of Imam (A). He was scared and jealous of the influence that Imam (A) had over the Muslims so he arranged to kill the Imam with a poisonous saddle. ♦ Imam (A) died on 7th Zilhajj 114 A.H. at the age of 57 years and was buried in Jannatul Baqee, Madina, next to his father. MORAL BOX (cid:153) Gaining knowledge is very important. We should work hard, and try our best in both our Madressa Islamic work, and our school work. (cid:153) We should learn to accept the will of Allah thankfully, even if we don’t like it, as Allah knows what is good and bad for us. (cid:153) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ (cid:153) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Tareekh Page 9.9 www.madressa.net LESSON 3: IMAM JA'FAR AS-SADIQ (A) Name: Ja'far Title: as-Sadiq (The Truthful One) Kuniyat: Abu Abdillah Father: Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (A) Mother: Bibi Umme Farwa binte Qasim (A) Birthdate: 17th Rabi-ul-Awwal 83 A.H. in Madina Imamat: From 114 A.H. to 148 A.H. Martyrdom: 25th Shawwal 148 A.H. Buried: Madina, Saudi Arabia. Imam (A) has the same birth date as our Holy Prophet (S). Amongst his titles are al- Faazil (the Successful) and at-Tahir (the Pure). He was brought up in the care of his grandfather, Imam Ali Zainul Abideen (A) for 12 years and then remained under the guidance of his father, Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (A) for another 19 years. During the lifetime of Imam (A), the Bani Abbas took over the reins of political power from the Bani Umayyah. In this period of internal wars and upheavals, he was not disturbed by the rulers. He used this opportunity to advance the work started by his father and he set up a large teaching centre. Many students from foreign countries came to learn from Imam (A). His classes and sessions of instruction produced 4,000 scholars of Hadith and the sciences. Amongst his famous students were Hisham bin Hakam, Jaabir bin Hayyaan and Abu Hanifah. Imam (A) was responsible for organising the Fiqh (laws) of the Shia faith, which is why we are sometimes known as the Ja'fari Shia. Once a man from Iran by the name of Sahl bin Hasan came to Imam (A) and asked him why he did not fight for his right when there were so many Shia in Iran ready to fight with him. In reply Imam (A) took Sahl to the fire place and asked him to sit in the blazing fire. Sahl began to tremble and said that he had a family to return to, and begged to be excused from this test. Meanwhile, Haroon Makki, a close companion of Imam (A), arrived, having just returned from Hajj. Imam (A) asked him to jump in the fire and he did so at once. After a while, Imam (A) asked Sahl to look in the fire place. Sahl saw that Haroon sat there, quite unharmed. Imam (A) asked Sahl how many such followers were there in Iran, to which the man replied, "None, master." Having made his point, Imam (A) asked Haroon to come out of the fire. Tareekh Page 9.10 www.madressa.net