Danail Stoyanov · Zeike Taylor Bernhard Kainz · Gabriel Maicas Reinhard R. Beichel et al. (Eds.) Image Analysis 0 4 0 1 for Moving Organ, Breast, 1 S C and Thoracic Images N L Third International Workshop, RAMBO 2018 Fourth International Workshop, BIA 2018 and First International Workshop, TIA 2018 Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2018 Granada, Spain, September 16 and 20, 2018, Proceedings 123 Lecture Notes in Computer Science 11040 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors: Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen Editorial Board David Hutchison Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK Takeo Kanade Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Friedemann Mattern ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Gerhard Weikum Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7412 Danail Stoyanov Zeike Taylor (cid:129) Bernhard Kainz Gabriel Maicas (cid:129) Reinhard R. Beichel et al. (Eds.) Image Analysis for Moving Organ, Breast, and Thoracic Images Third International Workshop, RAMBO 2018 Fourth International Workshop, BIA 2018 and First International Workshop, TIA 2018 Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2018 Granada, Spain, September 16 and 20, 2018 Proceedings 123 Editors DanailStoyanov GabrielMaicas University CollegeLondon University of Adelaide London,UK Adelaide, SA,Australia ZeikeTaylor Reinhard R.Beichel University of Leeds University of Iowa Leeds,UK Iowa City,IA, USA Bernhard Kainz Imperial CollegeLondon London,UK Additional WorkshopEditors seenext page ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic) Lecture Notesin Computer Science ISBN 978-3-030-00945-8 ISBN978-3-030-00946-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00946-5 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018955275 LNCSSublibrary:SL6–ImageProcessing,ComputerVision,PatternRecognition,andGraphics ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynow knownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookare believedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsin publishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Additional Workshop Editors Tutorial and Educational Chair Anne Martel University of Toronto Toronto, ON Canada Workshop and Challenge Co-chair Lena Maier-Hein German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Third International Workshop on Reconstruction and Analysis of Moving Body Organs, RAMBO 2018 Kanwal K. Bhatia Ozan Oktay Visulytix Limited Imperial College London London London UK UK Tom Vercauteren King’s College London London UK Fourth International Workshop on Breast Image Analysis, BIA 2018 Gustavo Carneiro Jacinto C. Nascimento University of Adelaide Instituto Superior Técnico Adelaide, SA Lisboa Australia Portugal Andrew P. Bradley Hang Min Queensland University of Technology University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD Brisbane, QLD Australia Australia VI Additional Workshop Editors First International Workshop on Thoracic Image Analysis, TIA 2018 Matthew S. Brown Jens Petersen David Geffen School of Medicine University of Copenhagen at UCLA Copenhagen Los Angeles, CA Denmark USA Raúl San José Estépar Colin Jacobs Harvard Medical School Radboud University Medical Center Boston, MA Nijmegen USA The Netherlands Alexander Schmidt-Richberg Bianca Lassen-Schmidt Philips Research Laboratories Fraunhofer Institute for Medical Image Hamburg Computing (MEVIS) Germany Bremen Catarina Veiga Germany University College London Kensaku Mori London Nagoya University UK Nagoya Japan RAMBO 2018 Preface Physiological motion is an important factor in several medical imaging applications. The speed of motion may inhibit the acquisition of high-resolution images needed for effectivevisualizationandanalysis,forexample,incardiacorrespiratoryimagingorin functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and perfusion applications. Addition- ally,incardiacandfetalimaging,thevariationintheframeofreferencemayconfound automatedanalysispipelines.Theunderlyingmotionmayalsoneedtobecharacterized either to enhance images or for clinical assessment. Techniques are therefore needed for faster or more accurate reconstruction or for analysis of time-dependent images. Despite the related concerns, few meetings have focused on the issues caused by motion in medical imaging, without restriction on the clinical application area or methodology used. After a very successful international workshop on Reconstruction and Analysis of Moving Body Organs (RAMBO) at MICCAI 2016 in Athens, Greece, and MICCAI 2017inQuebec,Canada,weareproudtohaveorganizedthismeetingforthethirdtime in conjunction with MICCAI 2018 in Granada, Spain. RAMBOwassetuptoprovideadiscussionforumforresearchersforwhommotion and its effects on image analysis or visualization is a key aspect of their work. By invitingcontributionsacrossallapplicationareas,theworkshopaimedtobringtogether ideas from different areas of specialization, without being confined to a particular methodology. In particular, the recent trend to move from model-based to learning-based methods of analysis has resulted in increased transferability between application domains. A further goal of this workshop series is to enhance the links between image analysis (including computer vision and machine learning techniques) and image acquisition and reconstruction, which generally tends to be addressed in separate meetings. The presentedcontributions cover registration andtrackingtoimagereconstruction and information retrieval techniques, while application areas include cardiac, pul- monary, abdominal, fetal, and renal imaging, showing the breadth of interest in the topic. Research from both academia and industry was presented and keynote lectures from Dr. Leo Grady (Senior Vice President of Engineering at HeartFlow Inc.) and Dr.ElisendaEixarch(ConsultantandAssociateProfessor,FetalandPerinatalMedicine Research Group, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona) gave an overview of recent developments. We believe that this workshop fosters the cross-fertilization of ideas across appli- cationdomainswhiletacklingandtakingadvantageoftheproblemsandopportunities arising from motion in medical imaging. August 2018 Bernhard Kainz Kanwal Bhatia Tom Vercauteren Ozan Oktay BIA 2018 Preface Welcome to the fourth edition of the Breast Image Analysis (BIA) workshop held in conjunctionwithMICCAI.TheaimofBIAistobringtogetherthegrowingnumberof researchers in the field given the significant amount of effort in the development of toolsthatcanautomatetheanalysisandsynthesisofbreastimaging.Themainpurpose of the workshop is to provide a stimulating environment for an in-depth discussion of important recent developments among experts in the field that enables future research impact in the field. For the keynote talks, we invited Prof. Anne Martel from Sunny- brook Health Sciences Centre, Assist. Prof. Orcun Goksel from ETH Zurich and Dr.MarkusWenzelfromFraunhoferInstituteforMedicalImageComputingMEVIS- they represent three prominent researchers in the field of breast image analysis. The first call for papers for the 4th BIA was released on April 4, 2018 and the last call was done on June 5, 2018, with the paper deadline set to June 18, 2018. The submission site of BIA received 22 papers registrations, from which 18 papers turned intofullpapersubmissions.Eachsubmissionwasreviewedbythreeorfourreviewers. The chairs decided to select nine out of the 18 submissions (50% acceptance rate) based on the majority voting of three meta-reviewers. Meta-reviewers decided on acceptance or rejection based on the scores and comments made by the reviewers. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the support from the Australian Research Council for the realisation of this workshop (discovery project DP180103232). We would also like to thank the program committee members of BIA. July 2018 BIA Workshop Chairs TIA 2018 Preface TheFirstInternationalWorkshoponThoracicImageAnalysiswasheldattheMedical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention Conference (MICCAI) in Granada,Spain,2018.BuildingonthehistoryofthePulmonaryImageAnalysiswork- shop,aroughlybiannualeventatMICCAIgoingback10years,theaimoftheworkshop wastobringtogethermedicalimageanalysisresearchersintheareaofthoracicimagingto discuss recent advances in this rapidly developing field. Cardiovascular disease, lung cancer,andchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD),threediseasesallvisibleon thoracicimaging,areamongthetopcausesofdeathworldwide.Manyimagingmodalities arecurrentlyavailabletostudythepulmonaryandcardiacsystem,includingradiography, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic reso- nanceimaging(MRI).Papersdealingwithallaspectsofimageanalysisofthoracicdata, includingbutnotlimitedtosegmentation,registration,quantification,modellingofthe image acquisition process, visualization, validation, statistical modelling biophysical modelling(computationalanatomy),deeplearning,imageanalysisinsmallanimals,and novelapplicationswereinvited.Good-sizedindependentvalidationstudiesontheuseof deep learning models in the area of thoracic imaging, despite having possibly little technicalnovelty,wereparticularlyinvited. The 21 papers submitted to the workshop were reviewed in a double-blind manner with at least two reviewers per paper, whose affiliations and recent publications were checked to avoid conflicts of interests. Finally, 20 papers were accepted for presen- tationaseitheroralorposter.Oftheacceptedpapers,18werelongformat(8–12pages) and two were short format (4–7 pages). The papers were grouped into four topics, which are reflected in the structure of this volume: Image Acquisition and Enhance- ment (3), Image Segmentation (7), Image Registration (4), and Computer-Aided Diagnosis (6). Deep learning is undoubtedly a hot topic in the community, with techniquesliketransferlearningandgenerativeadversarialnetworksbeinginthefocus of recent research activities. We were pleased to note that the majority (70%) of the submissionswereontheuseofsuchstate-of-the-artmethodsforavarietyofimportant clinical applications – some examples include enhancement of chest radiographs, image registration of the lungs, lung cancer screening, and segmentation of airways. The imaging modalities used were a good mixture of 2D X-ray, 3D CT, 4D CT, and functional MRI, demonstrating the complementary information brought together by different modalities used to study the thoracic system. Wewouldliketoexpressourgratitudetoalltheauthorsforsubmittingpaperstothe First International Workshop on Thoracic Image Analysis, as well as to everyone involved in the organization and peer review process. July 2018 TIA Workshop Chairs