Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7944 CommencedPublicationin1973 FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors: GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen EditorialBoard DavidHutchison LancasterUniversity,UK TakeoKanade CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA JosefKittler UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK JonM.Kleinberg CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA AlfredKobsa UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA FriedemannMattern ETHZurich,Switzerland JohnC.Mitchell StanfordUniversity,CA,USA MoniNaor WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel OscarNierstrasz UniversityofBern,Switzerland C.PanduRangan IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India BernhardSteffen TUDortmundUniversity,Germany MadhuSudan MicrosoftResearch,Cambridge,MA,USA DemetriTerzopoulos UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA DougTygar UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA GerhardWeikum MaxPlanckInstituteforInformatics,Saarbruecken,Germany Joni-Kristian Kämäräinen Markus Koskela (Eds.) Image Analysis 18th Scandinavian Conference, SCIA 2013 Espoo, Finland, June 17-20, 2013 Proceedings 1 3 VolumeEditors Joni-KristianKämäräinen TampereUniversityofTechnology,DepartmentofSignalProcessing P.O.Box553,33101Tampere,Finland E-mail:joni.kamarainen@tut.fi MarkusKoskela AaltoUniversity,DepartmentofInformationandComputerScience P.O.Box15400,00076Aalto,Finland E-mail:markus.koskela@aalto.fi ISSN0302-9743 e-ISSN1611-3349 ISBN978-3-642-38885-9 e-ISBN978-3-642-38886-6 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-38886-6 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013939630 CRSubjectClassification(1998):I.4,I.5,I.2.6,I.2.10,I.3 LNCSSublibrary:SL6–ImageProcessing,ComputerVision,PatternRecognition, andGraphics ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnection withreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingenteredand executedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthePublisher’slocation, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Permissionsforuse maybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Violationsareliabletoprosecution undertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication, neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityforanyerrorsor omissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothe materialcontainedherein. Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface SCIA 2013 was the 18th in a series of highly successful biennial meetings, held among the four participating Nordic countries. Begun in 1980 as one of the first regional meetings of the International Association for Pattern Recognition (IAPR), these conferences have attracted a large number of high-level papers from all over the world, reflecting the trends in image analysis,pattern recogni- tion, and computer vision. We would like to express our gratitude to all the invited speakers, authors of contributed papers, and other participants. Special thanks are due to the ProgramCommitteeledbyJoni-KristianK¨am¨ar¨ainenandtheLocalOrganizing Committee led by Markus Koskela. Atotalof132papersweresubmittedtothe18thSCIA.Afterbeingreviewed by the Program Committee and additional reviewers, 67 papers were accepted for publication(acceptance rate50.7%).Once againthe mostpopular topic was Feature Extraction and Segmentation (24 submissions) — it seems that we still don’t have enough feature extraction methods or we just don’t know how to use the existing ones. The other popular topics were Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning(18submissions)andMedical and Biomedical Image Analysis (15). However, there were no big differences between the acceptance rates for different topics. June 2013 Erkki Oja Matti Pietik¨ainen Organization SCIA 2013 was organized by the Pattern Recognition Society of Finland in cooperationwithIAPR(InternationalAssociationforPatternRecognition)and Aalto University. Executive Committee General Chairs Erkki Oja Aalto University Matti Pietik¨ainen University of Oulu Program Chair Joni-KristianK¨am¨ar¨ainen Tampere University of Technology Organizing Chair Markus Koskela Aalto University Publicity Chair Jaakko Peltonen Aalto University Organizing Committee Jorma Laaksonen Aalto University Teemu Kinnunen Aalto University Ville Viitaniemi Aalto University Program Committee Ethem Alpaydin Bo˘gazici University, Turkey (cid:2) Xilin Chen Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Jean-Luc Dugelay EURECOM Sophia Antipolis, France Michael Felsberg Link¨oping University, Sweden Moncef Gabbouj Tampere University of Technology,Finland Jon Hardeberg Gjovik University College, Norway Janne Heikkil¨a University of Oulu, Finland Anders Heyden Lund University, Sweden Norbert Krueger University of Southern Denmark Jiri Matas Czech Technical University, Czech Republic Krystian Mikolajczyk University of Surrey, UK Majid Mirmehdi University of Bristol, UK Maja Pantic Imperial College London, UK VIII Organization Keynote Speakers Ethem Alpaydin Bo˘gazici University, Turkey (cid:2) Anders Heyden Lund University, Sweden Jiri Matas Czech Technical University, Czech Republic Maja Pantic Imperial College London, UK Tutorials Tu¨lay Adali University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA Matti Pietik¨ainen and Guoying Zhao University of Oulu, Finland Additional Reviewers Abdenour Hadid Ingela Nystrom Markus Koskela Alessandro Foi Ivar Austvoll Mats Sjoberg Anders Buch Janne Heikkila Niclas Wadstr¨omer Anne Solberg Jari Hannuksela Orjan Smedby Arnt-Borre Salberg Jarmo Ilonen Rasmus Paulsen Arto Kaarna Jens Thielemann Reiner Lenz Asbjorn Berge Jon Sporring Robert Jenssen Camilla Brekke Jorma Laaksonen Siri Larsen Claus Madsen Juha R¨oning Sune Keller Dirk Kraft Juho Kannala Tapio Sepp¨anen Esa Rahtu Jussi Tohka Teemu Kinnunen Ewert Bengtsson Karl Skretting Trym Haavardsholm Francisco Imai Kim Pedersen Tuomas Eerola Fritz Albregtsen Lars Hansen Ville Ojansivu Heikki Kalviainen Lasse Lensu Ville Viitaniemi Heikki Huttunen Line Eikvil Volker Kruger Ida-Maria Sintorn Markku Hauta-Kasari Zhirong Yang Sponsoring Institutions InternationalAssociationforPatternRecognition(IAPR)andIEEESignalPro- cessing Society, Finland Section. Table of Contents Feature Extraction and Segmentation Texture Description with Completed Local Quantized Patterns ........ 1 Xiaohua Huang, Guoying Zhao, Xiaopeng Hong, Matti Pietik¨ainen, and Wenming Zheng A Local Image Descriptor Robust to Illumination Changes ............ 11 Sebastian Zambanini and Martin Kampel Detection of Curvilinear Structures by Tensor Voting Applied to Fiber Characterization................................................. 22 Nataliya Strokina, Tatiana Kurakina, Tuomas Eerola, Lasse Lensu, and Heikki K¨alvi¨ainen Simple-Graphs Fusion in Image Mosaic: Application to Automated Cell Files Identification in Wood Slices.................................. 34 Guilhem Brunel, Philippe Borianne, G´erard Subsol, and Marc Jaeger Unsupervised Segmentation of Anomalies in Sequential Data, Images and Volumetric Data Using Multiscale Fourier Phase-Only Analysis .... 44 Fabian Bu¨rger and Josef Pauli Extended 3D Line Segments from RGB-D Data for Pose Estimation.... 54 Anders Glent Buch, Jeppe Barsøe Jessen, Dirk Kraft, Thiusius Rajeeth Savarimuthu, and Norbert Kru¨ger Incorporating Texture Intensity Information into LBP-Based Operators....................................................... 66 M. Ghahramani, Guoying Zhao, and Matti Pietik¨ainen Bayesian Non-parametric Image Segmentation with Markov Random Field Prior ...................................................... 76 Ehsan Amid Evaluating Local Feature Detectors in Salient Region Detection........ 85 Teemu Kinnunen, Mari Laine-Hernandez, and Pirkko Oittinen Forest Stand Delineation Using a Hybrid Segmentation Approach Based on Airborne Laser Scanning Data ............................ 95 Zhengzhe Wu, Ville Heikkinen, Markku Hauta-Kasari, Jussi Parkkinen, and Timo Tokola Mean Shift with Flatness Constraints............................... 107 Eduard Sojka, Milan Sˇurkala, and Jan Gaura X Table of Contents Constructing Local Binary Pattern Statistics by Soft Voting........... 119 Juha Ylioinas, Xiaopeng Hong, and Matti Pietik¨ainen Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Cascaded Random Forest for Fast Object Detection .................. 131 Florian Baumann, Arne Ehlers, Karsten Vogt, and Bodo Rosenhahn Multiplicative Updates for Learning with Stochastic Matrices.......... 143 Zhanxing Zhu, Zhirong Yang, and Erkki Oja Validating the Visual Saliency Model ............................... 153 Ali Alsam and Puneet Sharma Bundle Methods for Structured Output Learning — Back to the Roots..................................................... 162 Michal Uˇriˇc´aˇr, Vojtˇech Franc, and Va´clav Hlava´ˇc Continuous-SpaceGaussianProcessRegressionandGeneralizedWiener Filtering with Application to Learning Curves ....................... 172 Simo S¨arkk¨a and Arno Solin Approximations of Gaussian Process Uncertainties for Visual Recognition Problems ............................................ 182 Paul Bodesheim, Alexander Freytag, Erik Rodner, and Joachim Denzler Topology-PreservingDimension-Reduction Methods for Image Pattern Recognition ..................................................... 195 Hayato Itoh, Tomoya Sakai, Kazuhiko Kawamoto, and Atsushi Imiya Efficient Boosted Weak Classifiers for Object Detection ............... 205 Xiaopeng Hong, Guoying Zhao, Haoyu Ren, and Xilin Chen Domain Adaptation for Sequential Detection ........................ 215 Sˇimon Fojt˚u, Karel Zimmermann, Toma´ˇs Pajdla, and V´aclav Hlava´ˇc Introducing a Inter-frame Relational Feature Model for Pedestrian Detection ....................................................... 225 Andreas Zweng and Martin Kampel Medical and Biomedical Image Analysis Automated Cell Counting in Bu¨rker Chamber ....................... 236 Karel Sˇtˇepka Adaptive Spatio-temporal Filtering of 4D CT-Heart .................. 246 Mats Andersson and Hans Knutsson Table of Contents XI Toward Automated Validation of Sketch-Based 3D Segmentation Editing Tools.................................................... 256 Frank Heckel, Momchil I. Ivanov, Jan H. Moltz, and Horst K. Hahn FAST-PVE: Extremely Fast Markov Random Field Based Brain MRI Tissue Classification.............................................. 266 Jussi Tohka Automated Tracing of Retinal Blood Vessels Using Graphical Models... 277 Jaydeep De, Tengfei Ma, Huiqi Li, Manoranjan Dash, and Cheng Li Genus Zero Graph Segmentation: Estimation of IntracranialVolume.... 290 Rasmus R. Jensen, Signe S. Thorup, Rasmus R. Paulsen, Tron A. Darvann, Nuno V. Hermann, Per Larsen, Sven Kreiborg, and Rasmus Larsen Vessel Wall Segmentation Using Implicit Models and Total Curvature Penalizers....................................................... 299 Rodrigo Moreno, Chunliang Wang, and O¨rjan Smedby Faces and Gestures Dynamic 3D Facial Expression Recognition Using Robust Shape Features ........................................................ 309 Ahmed Maalej, Hedi Tabia, and Halim Benhabiles Head Pose Estimation Using Multi-scale Gaussian Derivatives ......... 319 Varun Jain and James L. Crowley Finger Tracking for Gestural Interaction in Mobile Devices ............ 329 Matti Matilainen, Jari Hannuksela, and Lixin Fan Extracting Local Binary Patterns from Image Key Points: Application to Automatic Facial Expression Recognition......................... 339 Xiaoyi Feng, Yangming Lai, Xiaofei Mao, Jinye Peng, Xiaoyue Jiang, and Abdenour Hadid Head Pose Estimation for Sign Language Video...................... 349 Marcos Luzardo, Matti Karppa, Jorma Laaksonen, and Tommi Jantunen Detecting Hand-Head Occlusions in Sign Language Video ............. 361 Ville Viitaniemi, Matti Karppa, Jorma Laaksonen, and Tommi Jantunen Gender Recognition Using Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform and WLD Descriptor ................................................. 373 Muhammad Hussain, Sarah Al-Otaibi, Ghulam Muhammad, Hatim Aboalsamh, George Bebis, and Anwar M. Mirza