document Historic, archived Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. 4 aSDll .A35 Timber ed States Industry- Illinois artment of Myriculture An Assessment Timber of Forest Service Product Output and Use, North Central Research 1996 Station Resource Bulletin NC-192 Ronald L. Hackett and John A. Sester North Central Research Station — Forest Service U.S. Department ofAgriculture 1992 Folwell Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 Manuscript approved for publication March 24, 1998 1998 FOREWORD In this bulletin we discuss recent Illinois forest industry trends and report the results ofa detailed study offorest industry, industrial roundwood production, and associ- ated primary mill wood and bark residue in Illinois in 1996. Such detailed informa- tion is necessary for intelligent planning and decisionmaking in wood procurement, forest resource management, and forest industry development. Likewise, researchers need current forest industry and industrial roundwood information for planning projects. Special thanks are given to the primary wood-using firms that supplied information for this study and to the Illinois Department ofConservation, which canvassed the respondents. Their cooperation is greatly appreciated. All board foot data in this report have been converted to International 1/4-inch scale by applying a multiplier of 1.08 to all saw log volume reported in Scribner Decimal C scale by sawmills, a multiplier of 1.04 to all veneer log volume reported in Scribner Decimal C scale by veneer mills, a multiplier of 1.38 to all saw log volume reported in Doyle scale by sawmills, and a multiplier of 1.14 to all veneer log volume reported in Doyle scale by veneer mills. The last published report from a detailed study ofall industrial roundwood output in Illinois was in 1983. Most comparisons in this report are with the 1983 study re- sults. Row and column data oftables may not sum due to rounding, but data in each table cell are accurately displayed. CONTENT Page Highlights 1 Primary Timber Industry - Industrial Roundwood 1 Saw Logs 4 Veneer Logs 4 Pulpwood 5 Other Products 7 Timber Removals 8 Harvest Residues 9 Primary Mill Residue 9 Regional Trends 10 Appendix 12 Study Methods 12 Definition ofTerms 12 Common and Scientific Names ofTree Species Mentioned in the Report 15 Table Titles 15 Tables 17 — Illinois Timber Industry An Assessment of Timber Product Output and Use, 1996 Ronald L. Hackett and John A. Sester HIGHLIGHTS • Hardwoods were the predominant species group produced in the State in 1996 with PRIMARY TIMBER INDUSTRY—INDUSTRIAL nearly 99 percent. ROUNDWOOD • In 1996, more than 42 million cubic feet of • In 1996, the primary wood-using industry industrial roundwood was harvested from in Illinois was comprised of 107 mills, Illinois forests, an increase ofmore than 31 including 102 sawmills, 1 veneer mill, and 4 percent from 1983. Hardwoods increased miscellaneous other product mills (table 1). an average of39 percent during the same period; softwoods decreased by more than — • Most ofthe State's primary wood-using 74 percent from 1,497 thousand cubic feet mills are located in the Claypan and South- to 388 thousand cubic feet. ern Units (figs. 1,2). • The increase in hardwood production was • Between 1983 and 1996, the primary wood- associated with the increased use ofwhite using industry in Illinois decreased by 78 oak and soft maple saw logs. This was mills, most ofwhich were small sawmills. practically offset by the decreased use of pecan and sweetgum for saw logs. • In 1996, the primary wood-using industry in Illinois processed nearly 30 million cubic • The 74-percent decrease in softwood pro- feet ofroundwood, a decline of8 percent or duction was associated with the decreased nearly 3 million cubic feet from 1983 (table use ofshortleafpine for pulpwood. 2). • Saw logs remained the predominant round- • The State's 102 sawmills processed nearly wood product harvested from Illinois forests 27 million cubic feet ofsaw logs in 1996, an (fig. 3). increase ofnearly 1 percent from 1983. • Industrial roundwood production in Illinois • Pulpwood production decreased from 4.5 was concentrated in the Claypan Unit, million cubic feet in 1983 to 3.3 million which provided 41 percent ofthe State's cubic feet in 1996. However, from 1983 to 1996 production. The Southern Unit 1996, veneer log and bolt production in- provided another 33 percent ofthe indus- creased by nearly 38 percent to 0.7 million trial roundwood (fig. 4). cubic feet (table 3). • The Claypan Unit provided nearly halfofthe saw logs in the State in 1996. The Prairie Unit furnished more than two-thirds ofthe Ronald L. Hackett, Research Forester, re- veneer logs and bolts and nearly one-third ceived a B.S. in forest resources from the ofthe pulpwood for the same period. The University ofMinnesota. Hejoined the Forest Southern Unit provided nearly 60 percent of Service in December 1974 and has been the pulpwood and more than one-quarter of working with the North Central Station's the saw-log production in the State. Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit since. John A. Sester, StaffForester, Forest Prod- ucts, Division ofForest Resources, Illinois Department ofConservation. 2 — CLAYPAN UNIT No mills 1-3 mills SOUTHERN UNIT 4-6 mills Figure 2. Numberofprimanj wood-using mills by county, Illinois, 1996. — — Figure 3. Distribution ofindustrial roundwood Figure 4. Distribution ofindustrial roundwood production by product, Illinois, 1995. production by ForestSurvey Unit, Illinois, 1995. SAW LOGS from Illinois in 1996. Illinois loggers sent 6.5 million board feet, mostly red and white • Loggers harvested more than 214 million oak and cottonwood, to Iowa in 1996. board feet ofsaw logs from Illinois forests in Kentucky received 5.5 million board feet, 1996, up more than a third (54 million mostly red and white oak and yellow-poplar, board feet) from 1983 (table 4). from Illinois. • Most ofthe increase was associated with • The Claypan Unit provided nearly 19 million white oak, soft maple, red oak, and ash. board feet ofsaw logs to Indiana and Mis- souri. The Prairie Unit provided nearly 12 • Saw-log receipts also increased nearly 10 million board feet to Iowa, Missouri, Wis- percent with most ofthe increase associ- consin, and Indiana in 1996. More than 27 ated with white oak, soft maple, and ash. million board feet ofsaw logs were shipped to Indiana, Missouri, and Kentucky from • Major saw-log producing counties with the Southern Unit. more than 8 million board feet each were Fayette, Macoupin, Marion, and Wayne • Illinois supplied more than 97 percent of (table 5). the saw-log volume needed by its sawmills in 1996 (table 7). The remainder was • Illinois sawmills processed more than 73 imported from Missouri, Wisconsin, and percent ofthe State's production ofsaw logs Iowa. (table 6, fig. 5). The remainder was ex- ported to Indiana, Missouri, Iowa, Ken- VENEER LOGS tucky, and Wisconsin. • Between 1983 and 1996, veneer log produc- • Indiana and Missouri were the two largest tion in Illinois increased by more than a recipients ofIllinois saw logs. Red and third to over 5 million board feet (table 8). white oak and yellow-poplar were the largest species exported to Indiana. Mis- • Red oak veneer log production declined by souri received nearly 21 million board feet, 25 percent between 1983 and 1996; this mostly red and white oak and cottonwood, was offset by increases in white oak, black