Titodleoll 'opeorar iginTahleGe lo:b aTra/fiel inH umanO rgans © 200N0an cy Scheper-HuThgeh Weesnn eer-G reFno undatifoonr AnthropolRoegsiecarachl Traduziodnal'ela meridic aCnrois tinaG ottardi Prima ediziointea lioatntao:b2 re00 1 © ombrceo rte ViaA lessaPnoedror i9o, 3 712V4e rona Tel./04f5a x8:3 01e7-3m5a;oi mlb:r ecorte®tiscalinet.it www.deriveapprodi.org/ombrecorte.htm Progegttroafi ceoi mpaginaozmibornceeo :rt e ISB8N8 -87009-23-6 Indice 7 Premessa 9 Introduzione 12 1.A ntroposluom gair te 16 2.E conomgilao bael ceo rpcoo meb ene dic onsumo 23 3.I ndiialb: a zadre gloir gani 26 4.C inai:lc orpdoe llSot ato 31 5.D ilembmiio etici 36 6.B isoganrit ifiec sicaalris iintvàe ntate 44 7.L am ortceh ep receldaem orte .50 8.O rganriub atlie:g gened ree altà .54 9.B io-piraStteartieoa s :o tto-cittadini 62 10.Su dafriccoar:pd ie ll'apartheid 74 11B.r asifluer:tv oe,n didtoan,or etribuito, donazione universale 89 12.C onclusione 93 Rifirimbeinbtlii ografici Premessa Questsoa gg1 ivoi enoeff ertcoo meu ns urroga­ to" trapiandtaaltlo'"in terdviSe indtnoeM yi ntz "SmallW arsT:h eC ultuProa!l itoifCc hsil dhood", cheh oa vutlo' onodir per esenilt a2r8oe t tobre 199a6l lJao hnHso pkiUnnsi vetr.yUs niav ersione riviset aam plidaitq au ell'intèes rtvaeptnuatb o­ bliccaotmae i ntroduzaSi moanleWl a rsT:h eC ul­ turPao!l itoi/Cc hsi ldhaoc oudr,da i N ancSyc he­ per-Hugeh Ceasr olSyanr ge(nUtn iverosfCi at­y liforPnirae sBse,r kelLeoysAn; g ele1s9 98S)pe.r o chet racdceel slean sibsitloirteiàdc e at nografica di Mintszir itroavinncoh nee lmliaa a nalidseill a trasformadzeigoolrnige a unmia niinb endii con­ sumoe,n nesivmaar iadnetcleo mmercgiloo baldei corpi, deeb siisdoegrin i (c1f9r8. 5QM)uie.ns ttzo articeomleor gdeau np iùa mpipor ogeitntc oo l­ laboraz"iSoenllineg,L ifec"o,d iredtatlosl oat to­ scrietd taLa a wrenCcoeh eanl lUani versoifCt ay­ liforBneirak,e leef yi,n anzdiaalltOaop enS ociety Lav ersiqounpier esenèta aptpaa risn"a C urrAenntth ro­ [N.d.R.]. pologyv"o,l um4e1 n,u mer2o,a pril2e0 00 8 NancySc heper·Hughes FoundatdiiNo enw Y orkA. q uesptroo gectotlo­ laboraanncoh Dea vide S heiRloat hmaUnn.ap ri­ mab ozzdae ll'arèti sctoalstoca r iqtutaan deor o ricercaptrreislcs'eoI nstoinVt iuotlee nce, Culture andS urvivaalllV ai rgiFnoiuan datfiootrnh Heu ­ manitdii eCsh arlottJeosavGoiu lliel.h eBrimeehl hac ollaboarlalrtaao c codletida a teia lldai scus· siondeim oltid eglair gometnotic cina tqiu esto saggIinoB .r assiolneso t aatsas isdtiatM aa riana K.F erre(iDriap artidmieA nnttor opolUongii­a, versdiitS àa nP aoloN)ù,b iBae ntRoo drigues (Medicisnoac iFaalceo,l dtiMà e diciUnniav,e rsità delS alvadeoM ri)s hKlae in( DipartidmiAe nn­to tropologia, diU Snani CvaerrlsoiIstnS)à u. d Af ri­ cas onsot aatiau tina tmaa niersat raorddiania ria mieia ssisdtiec natim poA:n thoMnoyn gMae lwa­ nad elUlnai verosfCi atpyTe o wne CharloRtot­e mandi GoodwooCda,p eT ownL'.a ssistoefn­za fertnae llrai cerdcaa S uzannCea lpesdterill a Georgaen dM aryF ostAenrt hropoLliobgryadi r y Berkelè esyt aitnae stimMaobliletc.io· ll egdheil Dipartimdie nAtnot ropolao Bgeirak elee dye l DipartimednitA on tropolsoogciiaad liCe a pe Town hanncoo ntribinu miatnoi esroas tanazli­ale lar evi�idoinq eu esdtooc umentAo t.u tltoirs oo ­ noe stremamgernattea . Introduzione L'urgendiz ap erveniar neu ovsit andaertdi ci internazipoenrla acl hiir urdgeitiar apiaallnatl iu,­ ced ir appodrita ib usaii d anndie im embrpii ù svantagdgeillasato ic iehtarià u,n inteol cliat tadina italiadniBa e llangeisloe ttèmdberl1e 9 9un5 pic­ colgor uppdio c hirurgdheiit rapianti, specialisti dellaac quisidziio orngea enis,p edir tsic ienszoe­ ciaela it tivpiesridt iiri tutmia nis,o tltaos upervi­ siondee llos torsioccoi Daalvei Rdo thmaQnu.e ­ stgor upploaB, e llaTgaisoFk o rcoenO rgaTnr an­ splantaBtioodinl,Iy n tegarintdyt ,h Ien temational Traffiinc Organdsic, u fia ccpiaor tees,a mignlai effetettii scoic,i eam leidi cdie llcao mmercializza­ ziondie o rgaunmia neil ea ccudis ea busdiei d i­ rittium anin elrlaac coeld tias tribuzdieognoleri ­ ganin ell'amdbiuni tcor escente mercato globale. Ip untpii ùur gednate is aminsaorneiop resun­ tie spiadin otrig adnaip rigiongiieursit iinz Ciia­ti nae in altpria edselil 'Aesd ieaSl u dA meriocga­, gettpoo id iv erter ansazcioomnmie rcpiearliil mercadteoti r apiailn ctoin;t itnruaoff idic oo rga­ niin Indian,o nostannutoevl ee grgein daqnuoe - IO NancySc heper-Hughes stpar atilielcgaa ilnem oltree gioqnuia;lv ee ristià nasconddiae tariso o spegtetnie raldiimz uztaitlia ­ zionfiu,rdi t cio repr ia pimednibt aim bipneirr e­ periroer gadneis tianlalctahi i rudregtiir aa pianti. $ùllbaa sdee llmei ep recedreincteir scuhllea realstoàc ieam leet afocrhiecs atdia e tralol ev oci dif urtid io rgaen bia mbiinniB ras(ilSec heper­ Hugh1e9s9 11,9 92:c6a)ep a .l tr(oSvceh eper-Hu­ ghe1s9 96sao)n sot aitnav itaaf tapara rtdeiq ue­ stTaa sFko rcceo mee tnografaJ-oagnaAlt. rs oep­o condion contnre1ol9,9 6s,o nsot aitnac aricdia ta condururnear iceertcnao grasfitÙcc oan tessot­o ciadleell cah irurdgeiita r apiiannt tripe a es-i BrasiSlued,a friec (ai cno llaborcaozniil o mnieo colledgiaB erkeLlaewyr enCcoeh enI)n d-isacel­ tip roprpieor clhaép ratdiectiar apisaisn ttraii ­ velandlìo u naq uestimoonletc oo ntroversa. L'Indcioan tiandue as seurneod eliu ogphriin ­ cipalid it raffincaoz ioneai lnet ernazidoirn eanlie acquisdtada otnia tViovrein tAii di.b attmietdii ci e filososfuillcvaie ndidteair en(ic fDra.a r1 989, 199109,9 2,a1 992Rbe;d d1y9 90E;v an1s9 89Ri;­ charedtsa l1.9 98e)a glsit umdeid icciir lc'aa lto tassdio m ortalittràiari cevesnttria ndiier rie ni acquisitnIa ntdii( ac fSra.al ahudeete n1 a9l9.0 ), nonè s eguitaloc unsot udaid oo cumentgaliefr ­e fetmtie diecs io ciaal luin gtoe rmidneel vlean dita derie nsiu vie nditloelr oir,fo a miglleil eo,rc oo ­ munitIànB. r asliela ec cudsier apimednibt aim ­ binfiu,rti d ir eneic ommercdii oor gatneis,s eu ti altrpea rtid eclo rpoc ontinunanoon ostalan'pt ­e provazinoenl1e 9 9d7i u nal egsgulel dao nazione Ilt raffdiico or ganneil m ercatgol obale 11 univervsoallates a,o ffocalreev ocei iam pedilroe sviludpiup onm ercailtloe gdailo er gaInniS .u da­ friclaari organizzraazdiicoadnleleel saa niptuàb ­ blicsao tltaon uovdae mocraez idilai rottamento deif ondsit atvalie rsloap rimaas sistheannznao spostdaitaolie sc ih irudregtiir aa pinaenslte it tore privactoonp, r evedibili cnoengsaetgiiunve en ze termidniie quistoàc iaNlelel.os testseom poa,c ­ cusdeig raavbiu smie dicsip-ecialilm pernetlei e­ voi lledgiao lreg anneig olib itdoelril pao lizdiua­, ranet deo pog lain ndie ll'aparstohneaoir dr-iva­ tedi fronatlelC ao mmissiufofincei apleerl aV e­ ritàe laR iconcilidaezlSi uodnaef rIincfai.n e, SheilRao thman (199e8 un) picoc oglruppdoi studednitim edicihnaan nion iziuantario c erca parallneelllaca i tdit àN ewY orkI.l orpor imrii­ sulteavtiid enzoisatnaoc ao ulin op re-screening favorepveorll eed onneg,la if ro-ameer igclain i ispanciacnid idala ttria pianto. li primroa ppordteoll aB ellagTiaos Fko rce (Rothmeataln . 1 997ra)c comanldaca rveaa zione diu nc omitianttoe rnazidoins aloerv eglisauin za donatocroinil, c ompidtioi ndagsauirs eo spetti dia buspia espee rp aeseed if ungedrace e ntdrio informaszuillopenr ia tidcidh oen azidoengeol ri­ ganCio.m ep rimpoa ssLoa,w renCcoeh eDn,a vid Rothmaein o a bbialmaon ciuantn ou ovpor oget­ tot rienn"aMleed,i cMianrek,e atnsd,B odies/Or­ ganWsa tchs"u,p pordtaaltlo' OSpoecni eItnsyt i­ tuteei ncardipnraetslosa Uo n iverosfiC tayl ifor­ niaB,e rkeel elyaM edicSacih ooolfC olumbia UniverNseiwtY yo,r kL'.o sservaitnotreiniodn e- 12 NancySc heper·Hughes dagare, mondiotcourmaernete,ap rueb blicizzare (coln' aidiu taot tiviinstteir nazpieorind ailrii tti umaneit,n ogrloacfaieli s tudedin tmie dicilnea ) violazdieoidn iir iutmtain nie lla raec nceolllat a distribudzeigoolrnige a Nneli .b ienn1i9o9 9-2000 cia spettdiiaa mgog iunalgleanr oes trriac ecrocla­ lettniuvoav cie ntnreil l'EEusrto pian,M edio Oriennteel,l 'sAusdi-ao rieeni tnAa mleer iLcaa­ tina. 1. Antroposluo Mgairt e Quesstaog rgaipop resleann otsat prrai mian ­ cursiionnun et erritaloirieon aov ,o lotset ilepe e ­ ricol1,o nseol l'indit eesnptloo rlaapr rea tidceai trapiead netlirl aac codliot rag aent ie ssiunot bii ­ torlia,b oraptriogrii,o onsip,e dea slail oep erato­ riea ll imidteel cllaa ndestdionvaievt vài,e unneo scambdiioc orpi, eo tregcannoil aolgdi i leà d i qualsicaosnif ilnoec,ao l nea zionQaulaes.ti u tit i luogihnic ui sie ffettuidneoit rapisaonntinoi qualcmhoed op artedi unar etgel obanleel;l o stestseom ppoe rlò' ambideenlltcaeh irurdgeiia trapièap nitcic oelp oe rsonealai e s,u olii vepllii ù alti poetsrseebprbaeer agonaau tnpo a esienc ui tutctoin oscotnuot tDii.v enqtuian deis senziale mantenelr'ea nonidmeagtlioin formastaolrvio, colocrhoeh anngoi eàs prepsusbob licaompein­te nioenc io mmenti. Coheeni oa bbiasmvoo lltano o strircae rtcraa i1199e6 i1 1998p,e ru nt otadil cei nqviuaeg gsiu l