Ideology and social welfare The Autbors Vic George is Professor of Social Policy and Administration and Social Work at the University of Kent at Canterbury. Paul Wilding is Professor of Social Administration at the University of Manchester. Together they have written Motherless Families (1972), Ideology and Social Welfare (1976) and The Impact of Social Policy (1984), all published by Routledge & Kegan Paul. They were also joint editors of the Concepts in Social Policy series (also published by Routledge & Kegan PaUl). Copyrighted Material Radical Social Policy GENERAL EDITOR: Vic George Professor of Social Policy and Administration and Social Work University of Kent Copyrighted Material Ideology and social welfare Completely revised, expanded and updated VkGeorge Professor ofS acUlI Policy and Administration and SacUlI Work University ofK ent and Paul Wilding Professor ofS OCUlI Administration University ofM anchester I~ ~~o~:!~n~~~up LONDON AND NEW YORK Copyrighted Material First published 1985 by Roudedge & Kegan Paul Reprinted 1989, 1991,1992, 1993, 1996 by Roudedge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Roudedge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group © Victor George and Paul Wilding Transferred to Digital Printing 2003 Digitally printed by Butler and Tanner, Burgess Hill, West Sussex All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data also available Library 0/ Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data George, Victor. Ideology and social welfare. (Radical social policy) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Social policy 2. Welfare state. 3. Social justice. I. Wilding, Paul. II. Title. III Series. HNI6.G46 1985 361.6'1 84-27726 ISBN 0-415-05101-0 Copyrighted Material If we speak of democracy, we do not mean democracy which maintains the right to vote but forgets the right to work and the right to live. If we speak of freedom, we do not mean a rugged individualism which excludes social organisation and economic planning. If we speak of equality, we do not mean a political equality, nullified by social and economic privilege. If we speak of economic reconstruction, we think less of maximum produc tion (though this too will be required) than of equitable distribution. The Times, 1 July 1940 Copyrighted Material This page intentionally left blank Copyrighted Material Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi Chapter 1 Society, the state, social problems and social policy 1 Chapter 2 The anti-collectivists 19 Chapter 3 The reluctant collectivists 44 Chapter 4 The Fabian socialists 69 Chapter 5 The Marxists 95 Chapter 6 The future of the welfare state 120 Notes 148 Bibliography 162 Subject index 168 Name index 171 vii Copyrighted Material This page intentionally left blank Copyrighted Material Acknowledgments The first edition of Ideology and Social Welfare received both favourable and unfavourable comment from reviewers and other writers. We have benefited from that. Particularly helpful, however, has been the work of a number of writers on social policy whose work has appeared in recent years - Ian Gough, Ramesh Mishra, Robert Pinker, Graham Room, Peter Taylor Gooby and Jennifer Dale. We are grateful to Margaret Joyce at the University of Kent and to secretaries at the University of Manchester for typing several drafts of the manuscript. Like all our other work this has been a truly collaborative effort and we are jointly responsible for any errors and shortcomings. Copyrighted Material