IATA Airport Development Reference Manual 9th Edition Effective January 2004 I n t e r n a t i o n a l A i r T r a n s p o r t A s s o c i a t i o n NOTICE DISCLAIMER. The information contained in this publication is subject to constant review in the light of changing government requirements and regulations. No subscriber or other reader should act on the basis of any such information without referring to applicable laws and regulations and/or without taking appropriate professional advice. Although every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, the International Air Transport Association shall not be held responsible for loss or damage caused by errors, omissions, misprints or misinterpretation of the contents hereof. Furthermore, the International Air Transport Association expressly disclaims all and any liability to any person, whether a purchaser of this publication or not, in respect of anything done or omitted, and the consequences of anything done or omitted, by any such person in reliance on the contents of this publication. Opinions expressed in advertisements appearing in this publication are the advertiser's opinions and do not necessarily reflect those of IATA. The mention of specific companies or products in advertisement does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by IATA in preference to others of a similar nature which are not Airport Development Reference Manual Ref. No: 9044-09 ISBN 92-9195-086-6 © 2004 International Air Transport Association. All rights reserved. Montreal — Geneva ÊATA TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................................. vii Chapter A — Introduction Section A1: lATA's Role................................................................................................................... 3 Section A2: Purpose of the Manual ................................................................................................. 5 Chapter B — Planning Section B1: Major Planning Processes............................................................................................ 11 Section B2: The Planning Process .................................................................................................. 37 Chapter C — Master Planning Section C1: Principles ..................................................................................................................... 43 Section C2: Forecasting................................................................................................................... 88 Section C3: Land Use Planning ....................................................................................................... 98 Section C4: Control Towers ............................................................................................................ 103 Chapter D — Airport Economics Section D1: Airport Management..................................................................................................... 109 Section D2: Airport Cost Structures and Revenue Sources............................................................. 114 Section D3: Airport Investment Decisions and Financing................................................................. 116 Section D4: Aeronautical Charge Policies ....................................................................................... 120 Section D5: International Cost Variations ........................................................................................ 130 Chapter E — Environmental Issues Section E1: Main Issues................................................................................................................... 137 Section E2: Social and Political Considerations .............................................................................. 141 Section E3: Noise............................................................................................................................. 146 Section E4: Emissions ..................................................................................................................... 152 Section E5: Waste Management...................................................................................................... 155 Chapter F — Airport Capacity Section F1: Capacity and Level of Service....................................................................................... 159 Section F2: Capacity Definitions ..................................................................................................... 161 Section F3: Airport Systems............................................................................................................. 162 Section F4: Planning Schedule ....................................................................................................... 165 Section F5: Runway Systems ......................................................................................................... 166 Section F6: Taxiway......................................................................................................................... 171 Section F7: Apron ........................................................................................................................... 173 Section F8: Aircraft Stand ............................................................................................................... 174 Section F9: Passenger Terminal Facilities....................................................................................... 178 iATA Airport Development Reference Manual Page Section F10: The Airport Scheduling Process ................................................................................. 213 Section F11: Computational Fluid Dynamics.................................................................................... 216 Chapter G — Airport Flight Operations Issues Section G1: Aircraft Characteristics ................................................................................................ 221 Section G2: Visual Aids.................................................................................................................... 234 Section G3: Non-Visual Aids............................................................................................................ 239 Chapter H — Airport Security Section H1: General Principles ....................................................................................................... 245 Section H2: Passenger Operations.................................................................................................. 246 Section H3: Cargo Operations ........................................................................................................ 260 Chapter I — Airport Access Section 11: Roads ........................................................................................................................... 269 Section 12: Rail ............................................................................................................................... 277 Section 13: Intermodality and Airport Access .................................................................................. 282 Chapter J — Passenger Terminal Section J1: Outline of Principle Functions ....................................................................................... 289 Section J2: Categories of Passenger Terminal ............................................................................... 301 Section J3: Small Airport Terminals................................................................................................. 318 Section J4: Common Systems CUTE & CUSS ............................................................................... 320 Section J5: Airline Communications Networks ................................................................................ 325 Section J6: Passenger Processing Facilities Planning .................................................................... 331 Section J7: Concession Planning..................................................................................................... 340 Section J8: Maintenance ................................................................................................................. 344 Section J9: Check-In ....................................................................................................................... 348 Section J10: People Mover Systems ............................................................................................... 356 Section J11: Passenger Boarding Bridges ...................................................................................... 362 Section J12: Signage ...................................................................................................................... 370 Chapter K — Passenger Facilitation Section K1: Principles ..................................................................................................................... 385 Section K2: Roles and Responsibilities of Governments/Airlines..................................................... 386 Section K3: Immigration Processes ................................................................................................ 388 Section K4: Customs Processes...................................................................................................... 392 Section K5: Simplifying Passenger Travel ...................................................................................... 396 Section K6: Disabled Passengers and Staff..................................................................................... 400 IATA Table of Contents Page Chapter L — Aircraft Parking Aprons Section L1: Current and Future Aircraft Types ................................................................................ 407 Section L2: Physical and Functional Requirements ........................................................................ 409 Section L3: Gate Stands and Remote Stands.................................................................................. 419 Section L4: Ground Handling Equipment......................................................................................... 426 Section L5: Service Roads & Storage Areas.................................................................................... 433 Section L6: Distributed Electrical Power & Air.................................................................................. 438 Section L7: Aircraft De/Anti-lcing Facilities ...................................................................................... 445 Chapter M — Aviation Fuel Systems Section M1: Safety Issues................................................................................................................ 453 Section M2: Delivery to Apron ......................................................................................................... 456 Section M3: Storage Distribution Facilities & Processes.................................................................. 458 Chapter N — Contingency Management Section N1: Aviation Crisis Management......................................................................................... 463 Chapter O — Cargo & Separate Express Facilities Terminal Section 01: Planning Principles........................................................................................................ 469 Section 02: Forecasting and Sizing.................................................................................................. 471 Section 03: Flows and Controls ....................................................................................................... 487 Section 04: Expedited & Express Cargo Processing........................................................................ 492 Section 05: Perishable Cargo........................................................................................................... 501 Section 06: Mail Faciltities................................................................................................................ 507 Chapter P — Airport Support/Ancillary Facilities Section P1: Aircraft In-Flight Catering Facilties ............................................................................... 513 Section P2: Aircraft Maintenance..................................................................................................... 516 Section P3: Hotels and Business Centers ....................................................................................... 519 Chapter Q — Landside Facilities Section Q1: Road System and Curb Arrangements......................................................................... 525 Section Q2: Traffic Studies & Parking ............................................................................................. 530 Chapter R — Airport Commissioning Section R1: Checklist for the Successful Opening of a New Airport................................................. 537 Chapter S — Future Technologies & Miscellaneous Section S1: Future Technology Systems......................................................................................... 549 Section S2: Developing & Adopting Future Technology................................................................... 551 Section S3: Interfaces — People & Cultural Issues ........................................................................ 553 iATA Airport Development Reference Manual Page Chapter T — Airport Processes Section T1: Terminal Processes ..................................................................................................... 557 Section T2: Apron Processes........................................................................................................... 560 Section T3: Support Processes........................................................................................................ 562 Chapter U — Airport Baggage Handling Section U1: Baggage System User Requirements........................................................................... 567 Section U2: Departures Systems .................................................................................................... 573 Section U3: Transfer Systems ......................................................................................................... 613 Section U4: Early Baggage Processes............................................................................................ 618 Section U5: Arrivals Baggage Systems ........................................................................................... 622 Section U6: Control Systems .......................................................................................................... 631 Section U7: Management Information Systems (MIS)..................................................................... 634 Section U8: Oversized Baggage...................................................................................................... 638 Section U9: Sort Allocation Computer (SAC) .................................................................................. 641 Section U10: Baggage Hall Design.................................................................................................. 647 Section U11: Hold Baggage Screening ........................................................................................... 651 Section U12: Passenger & Hand Baggage Screening .................................................................... 659 Chapter V — IATA Airport Project Process Section V1: Concept/Feasibility/Detail Design/Commissioning/Handover....................................... 669 Section V2: Project Cost Management............................................................................................. 677 Chapter W — Anti-Terrorism and Police Facilities Section W1: Terminal Building Considerations................................................................................ 685 Section W2: Pier Area Considerations............................................................................................. 688 Section W3: Airfield Area Considerations........................................................................................ 690 Section W4: Airport Police Facilities ................................................................................................ 692 Chapter X — Airport Fire Services Section X1: Fire Response Category............................................................................................... 697 Section X2: Fire Response Services & Equipment ......................................................................... 699 Chapter Y — Networks Section Y1: Frontline Operational and Security................................................................................ 705 Section Y2: Building Services ......................................................................................................... 710 ilk _________________________________________________ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IATA gratefully acknowledges the technical assistance and input provided by IATA Members and the IATA Members Document Review Panel: Air France Ms. Catherine Lafond American Airlines Mr. Eduardo Juranovic British Airways Mr. John Conlon FEDEX Mr. Jim Sartin KLM Mr. Hans Smeets LOT Polish Airlines Mr. Dariusz R.Sawicki Northwest Airlines Mr. Bob Lamansky & Ms. Yasuko Qantas Hashimoto Swiss International Air Lines Ltd. Mr. Derek Sharp Mr. Davor Frank Text and Diagram Contributions: Airbus Industries Airport Design Associates (ADA) Mr. Sebastien Lavina APS Aviation Inc. Mr. Rick Stevens & Mr. Alan Clayton ARINC Mr. Jean Valiquette & Mr. John D'Avirro Boeing Aircraft Corp. Mr. Edward King Davis Langdon Everest Mr. Brad Bachtel Fabricom Airport Systems Mr. Tony Potter HDP Group Mr. David Reynolds & Mr. Chris Owens International Air Rail Organisation Mr. David Langlois & Mr. Jeremy Hill Mott MacDonald Consultancy Mr. Andrew Sharpe Netherlands Airport Consultants B.V. Mr. Chris Chalk (NACO) Mr. Huib Heukelom Norman Shanks Associates International Mr. Norman Shanks Ove Arup & Partners Mr. Graham Bolton & Mr. Tony Barker SITA Mr. Graham McLachlan & Mr. Peter Dalaway & Mr. Rene Azoulai Swiss International Air Line Ltd. Mr. Davor Frank Sypher Mueller Mr. Gordon Hamilton Airport Development Reference Manual IATA 8 IATA Chapter A — Introduction Section A1: lATA's Role A1.1 IATA......................................................................................................... 3 A1.2 IATA Airports Activities ............................................................................ 3 A1.3 Other IATA Airports Activities................................................................... 4 Section A2: Purpose of the Manual A2.1 Scope of the Airport Development Reference Manual ............................ 5 A2.2 How to Use the Manual............................................................................. 6 9 ÊATA Airport Development Reference Manual