Hydrothermal Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Low- Carbon Fuels ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE AND CONVERSION Series Editor: Jiujun Zhang National Research Council Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Published Titles Hydrothermal Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Low-Carbon Fuels Fangming Jin Carbon Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Technologies: Fundamentals and Applications Shuhui Sun, Xueliang Sun, Zhongwei Chen, Jinli Qiao, David P. Wilkinson, and Jiujun Zhang Redox Flow Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications Huamin Zhang, Xianfeng Li, and Jiujun Zhang Electrochemical Energy: Advanced Materials and Technologies Pei Kang Shen, Chao-Yang Wang, San Ping Jiang, Xueliang Sun, and Jiujun Zhang Electrochemical Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Jianhua Fang, Jinli Qiao, David P. Wilkinson, and Jiujun Zhang Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Storage and Delivery: Fundamentals and Applications Aiping Yu, Victor Chabot, and Jiujun Zhang Photochemical Water Splitting: Materials and Applications Neelu Chouhan, Ru-Shi Liu, and Jiujun Zhang Metal–Air and Metal–Sulfur Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications Vladimir Neburchilov and Jiujun Zhang Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide: Fundamentals and Technologies Jinli Qiao, Yuyu Liu, and Jiujun Zhang Electrolytes for Electrochemical Supercapacitors Cheng Zhong, Yida Deng, Wenbin Hu, Daoming Sun, Xiaopeng Han, Jinli Qiao, and Jiujun Zhang Solar Energy Conversion and Storage: Photochemical Modes Suresh C. Ameta and Rakshit Ameta Lead-Acid Battery Technologies: Fundamentals, Materials, and Applications Joey Jung, Lei Zhang, and Jiujun Zhang Lithium-Ion Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications Yuping Wu Graphene: Energy Storage and Conversion Applications Zhaoping Liu and Xufeng Zhou Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Zhigang Qi ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE AND CONVERSION Series Editor: Jiujun Zhang Hydrothermal Reduction National Research Council Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada of Carbon Dioxide Published Titles to Low- Carbon Fuels Hydrothermal Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Low-Carbon Fuels Fangming Jin Carbon Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Technologies: Fundamentals and Applications Shuhui Sun, Xueliang Sun, Zhongwei Chen, Jinli Qiao, David P. Wilkinson, and Jiujun Zhang Redox Flow Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications Huamin Zhang, Xianfeng Li, and Jiujun Zhang Electrochemical Energy: Advanced Materials and Technologies Pei Kang Shen, Chao-Yang Wang, San Ping Jiang, Xueliang Sun, and Jiujun Zhang Electrochemical Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Jianhua Fang, Jinli Qiao, David P. Wilkinson, and Jiujun Zhang Edited by Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Storage and Delivery: Fundamentals and Applications Fangming Jin Aiping Yu, Victor Chabot, and Jiujun Zhang Photochemical Water Splitting: Materials and Applications Neelu Chouhan, Ru-Shi Liu, and Jiujun Zhang Metal–Air and Metal–Sulfur Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications Vladimir Neburchilov and Jiujun Zhang Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide: Fundamentals and Technologies Jinli Qiao, Yuyu Liu, and Jiujun Zhang Electrolytes for Electrochemical Supercapacitors Cheng Zhong, Yida Deng, Wenbin Hu, Daoming Sun, Xiaopeng Han, Jinli Qiao, and Jiujun Zhang Solar Energy Conversion and Storage: Photochemical Modes Suresh C. Ameta and Rakshit Ameta Lead-Acid Battery Technologies: Fundamentals, Materials, and Applications Joey Jung, Lei Zhang, and Jiujun Zhang Lithium-Ion Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications Yuping Wu Graphene: Energy Storage and Conversion Applications Zhaoping Liu and Xufeng Zhou Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Zhigang Qi CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-3183-6 (Hardback) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-351-26284-2 (eBook) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Editor .......................................................................................................................vii Contributors ..............................................................................................................ix Chapter 1 Water under High-Temperature and High-Pressure Conditions and Some Special Reactions under Hydrothermal Conditions ............1 Zheng Shen, Wei Zhang, Xu Zeng, Fangming Jin, Guodong Yao, and Yuanqing Wang Chapter 2 Catalytic Hydrothermal Reactions for Small Molecules Activation ......23 Yuanqing Wang and Fangming Jin Chapter 3 Hydrothermal Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production with Other Metals ...............................................................................37 Xu Zeng, Heng Zhong, Guodong Yao, and Fangming Jin Chapter 4 Hydrothermal Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production with Iron ...47 Xu Zeng, Heng Zhong, Guodong Yao, and Fangming Jin Chapter 5 Hydrothermal CO Reduction with Iron to Produce Formic Acid .....61 2 Jia Duo, Guodong Yao, Fangming Jin, and Heng Zhong Chapter 6 Hydrothermal Reduction of CO to Low-Carbon Compounds ..........79 2 Ge Tian, Chao He, Ziwei Liu, and Shouhua Feng Chapter 7 Hydrothermal CO Reduction with Zinc to Produce Formic Acid ....91 2 Yang Yang, Guodong Yao, Binbin Jin, Runtian He, Fangming Jin, and Heng Zhong Chapter 8 Autocatalytic Hydrothermal CO Reduction with Manganese 2 to Produce Formic Acid ...................................................................109 Lingyun Lyu, Fangming Jin, and Guodong Yao v vi Contents Chapter 9 Autocatalytic Hydrothermal CO Reduction with Aluminum 2 to Produce Formic Acid ...................................................................127 Binbin Jin, Guodong Yao, Fangming Jin, and Heng Zhong Chapter 10 Cu-Catalyzed Hydrothermal CO Reduction with Zinc 2 to Produce Methanol ........................................................................141 Zhibao Huo, Dezhang Ren, Guodong Yao, Fangming Jin, and Mingbo Hu Chapter 11 Hydrothermal Reduction of CO with Glycerine .............................153 2 Zheng Shen, Minyan Gu, Meng Xia, Wei Zhang, Yalei Zhang, and Fangming Jin Chapter 12 Hydrothermal Reduction of CO with Compounds Containing 2 Nitrogen ............................................................................................185 Guodong Yao, Feiyan Chen, Jia Duo, Fangming Jin, and Heng Zhong Chapter 13 Perspectives and Challenges of CO Hydrothermal Reduction .......199 2 Ligang Luo, Fangming Jin, and Heng Zhong Index ......................................................................................................................205 Editor Fangming Jin, PhD, is a distinguished professor in the School of Environmental Science and Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China. She earned her PhD from Tohoku University, Japan. From 2007 to 2010, she was promoted to pro- fessor at Tongji University, China and also to chair professor sponsored by the Chang Jiang Scholar Program (administered by the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China). In 2010, she moved to Tohoku University as a professor, and then in July 2011, she moved to Shanghai Jiao Tong University and received an honor of “Recruitment Program of Global Experts” Talents in Shanghai. Her research focuses on the application of hydrothermal reactions for the conversion of CO and biomass 2 into fuels and chemicals, which aims to explore a potentially useful technology for the improvement of the carbon cycle by mimicking nature. She has authored more than 200 scientific publications, including peer-reviewed papers, patents, and book chapters, and gave about 30 plenary/keynote/invited presentations. Prof. Jin is also a visiting professor at Tohoku University and a Fellow of the Graduate School of Environmental Studies at Tohoku University. vii http://taylorandfrancis.com Contributors Feiyan Chen Mingbo Hu School of Environmental Science and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Engineering Control and Resources Reuse State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix College of Environmental Science and Composites Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Tongji University Shanghai, China Shanghai, China Jia Duo Zhibao Huo School of Environmental Science and School of Environmental Science and Engineering Engineering State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Shanghai Jiao Tong University Composites Shanghai, China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China Binbin Jin School of Environmental Science and Shouhua Feng Engineering State Key Laboratory of Inorganic State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry Composites College of Chemistry, Jilin University Shanghai Jiao Tong University Changchun, China Shanghai, China Minyan Gu Fangming Jin State Key Laboratory of Pollution School of Environmental Science and Control and Resource Reuse Engineering Tongji University State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Shanghai, China Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Chao He Shanghai, China Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland Graduate School of Environmental Studies Runtian He Tohoku University School of Environmental Science and Sendai, Japan Engineering State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Ziwei Liu Composites MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Cambridge Biomedical Campus Shanghai, China Cambridge, United Kingdom ix