HUSSERL'S POSITION IN THE SCHOOL OF BRENTANO PHAENOMENOLOGICA SERIES FOUNDED BY H.L. VAN BREDA, AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE HUSSERL-ARCHIVES 150 ROBIN D. ROLLINGER HUSSERL' S POSITION IN THESCHOOLOFBRENTANO Editorial Board: Director: R. Bemet (Husserl-Archief, Leuven) Secretary: J. Taminiaux (Centre d'etudes phenomenologiques, Louvain-la-Neuve) Members: S. IJsseling (Husserl Archief, Leuven), H. Leonardy (Centre d'etudes phenomenologiques, Louvain-la Neuve), U. Meile (Husserl-Archief, Leuven), B. Stevens (Centre d'etudes pheno menologiques, Louvain-la-Neuve) Advisory Board: R. Bemasconi (Memphis State University), D. Carr (Emory University, Atlanta), E.S. Casey (State University of New York at Stony Brook), R. Cobb-Stevens (Boston College), J.F. Courtine (Archives-Husserl, Paris), F. Dastur (Universite de Paris XII), K. Düsing (Husserl-Archiv, Köln), J. Hart (lndiana University, Bloomington), K. Held (Bergische Universität Wuppertal), D. Janicaud (Universite de Nice), K.E. Kaehler (Husserl-Archiv, Köln), D. Lohmar (Husserl-Archiv, Köln), W.R. McKenna (Miami University, Oxford, USA), J.N. Mohanty (Temple University, Philadelphia), E.W. Orth (Universität Trier), B. Rang (Husserl-Archiv, Freiburg i.Br.), P. Rica:ur (Paris), K. Schuhmann (University of Utrecht), C. Sini (Universita degli Studi di Milano), R. Sokolowski (Catholic University of America, Washington D.C.), E. Ströker (Universität Köln), B. Waldenfels (Ruhr-Universität, Bochum) ROBIN D. ROLLINGER Freiburg University, Freiburg i. Br. , Germany HUSSERL'S POSITION IN THE SCHOOL OF BRENTANO SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-90-481-5208-7 ISBN 978-94-017-1808-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-1808-0 Printedon acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any inforrnation storage and retrieval system, without written perrnission from the copyright owner For Sadie CONTENTS PREFACE ..................................................... xi INTRODUCTION .............................................. . CHAPTER ONE: HUSSERL AND BRENTANO ..................... . 13 1. Franz Brentano (1838-1917) 13 2. Husserl as a Pupil of Brentano ..................... . 15 3. Relevant Doctrines of Brentano ..................... . 21 3 .1. Descriptivc Psychology ................... . 23 3.2. Distinguishing Features ofPsychical Phcnomena 25 3.2.1. Presentations as Faunding Acts .... . 25 3.2.2. Intentional Reference ................. . 26 3.2.3. Inner Perception ....... . 27 3. 3. Classification of Psychical Phenomena 33 3. 3. 1. Presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3.3.2. Judgments .................. . 36 3.3.3. Phenomena ofLove and Hate 40 3.4. Ontology ................ . 43 4. Relevant Doctrines ofHusserl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 4.1. Pure Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 4.2. Methodological Innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 4.3. Intentional Reference ........................... 50 4.4. Presentations as Faunding acts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 4.5. Pcrception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.5.1. Inner Perceptwn 56 4.5.2. Categorial Perception . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4.5.3. Perception and Timc-Consciousness . . . . . . . 59 4.5.4. Pcrccption ofThings . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4.6. Partsand Wholes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 4.7. Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 5. Concluding Rcmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Vll CONTENTS Vlll CHAPTER TWO: HUSSERL AND BOLZANO 69 l. The Brentanist Reccption of Bolzano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 2. Bolzano on the Objects ofLogic............... . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 3. Husserl on the Objects of Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 4. Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 CHAPTER THREE: HUSSERL AND STUMPF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 1. Stumpf as a Pupil of Brentano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 2. Husserl as a Pupil of Stumpf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 3. Intentional Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 3 .1. The Immanence of States of Affairs and Other Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 3.2. Apprehension ofContents and Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 3.3. lndeterminacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 4. Parts and Wholes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 4.1. Über den Ursprung der Raumvorstellung . . . . . . . . . . 102 4.2. Tonp~ychologie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 4.3. Philosophie der Arithmetik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 4.4. Logische Untersuchungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 5. Stumpfs Critique of Ideen I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 6. Concluding Remarks ................................. . 122 CHAPTER FOUR: HUSSERL AND KERRY 125 1. Remarks on Kerry and the Psychological Method ............ . 126 2. Relevant Doctrincs in Kerry's Work ... 129 3. Husserl' s Reaction to Kerry . . . . . . . . 133 4. Concluding Remarks ................................. . 136 CHAPTERFIVE: HUSSERL AND TWARDOWSKI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 1. Twardowski on Content and Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 2. Husserl on Twardowski's Theory ofMeaning................ 145 3. Husserl on Intentional Objects ....................... . 147 4. Concluding Remarks .................... . 152 CHAPTER SIX: HUSSERL AND MEINONG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 1. Hume-Studien (1877/82) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 1.1. Indirect Prcsentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 1.2. Causation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 CONTENTS IX 1.3. ldentity ................................... . 164 2. Zur Psychologie der Komplexionen und Relationen (1891) .... . 166 3. Beiträge zur Theorie der psychischen Analyse (1894) ........ . 167 3 .I. Analysis, Founded Contents, and Relations .. . 168 3.2. The Temporal Principle ofExtension ............. . 172 4. Psychologisch-ethische Untersuchungen zur Werth-Theorie (1894) ....................................... . 175 5. Über Gegenstände höherer Ordnung und deren Verhältnis zur inneren Wahrnehmung (1899)....................... 178 5.1. Founding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 5.2. Temporally Distributed Objects and Perception . . . . . . 183 6. Über Annahmen (1902) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 6.1. The Argument from Convictionless Negation . . . 188 6.2. The Argument from Linguistic Considerations 190 6.3. The Argument from the Grasp ofFormal Validity 194 6.4. Objectives and Meanings ...................... . 196 6.5. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 7. Über Gegenstandstheorie (1904) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 7 .1. Comparison with the Logischen Untersuchungen . . . . . 200 7.2. The Principle of Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 8. Ober die Stellung der Gegenstandstheorie im System der Wissen- schaften (1907) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . 206 9. Concluding Rem<Jrks ................................. . 207 CHAPTER SEVEN: HUSSERL AND MARTY ...................... . 209 I. Intentional Reference ................................. . 211 1.1. Marty's Early lmmanentism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 1.2. Idea-Dependent Similarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 I. 3. Husserl' s Alternative .................... . 223 2. Existence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 2.1. The Concept of Existence and its Origin 226 2.2. The Real and the Non-Real . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 2.3. Double Judgments and Positing Names . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 3. Meaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 3.1. Meaning and Manifestation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 3.2. Meaninglessness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 4. Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 5. Concluding Remarks . 243 CONTENTS X CONCLUSION ......................... . 245 APPENDIX ONE: "Intentional Objects" by Edmund Husscrl ............. 251 APPENDIX TWO: "Syllabus for Psycho1ogy" by Carl Stumpf. . . . . . . 285 APPENDIX THREE: "Syllabus for Logic" by Carl Stumpf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................. . 339 INDEX OF NAMES ........................................... . 361