HUSSERL'S LEGACY IN PHENOMENOLOGICAL PHILOSOPHIES ANALECTA HUSSERLIANA THE YEARBOOK OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH VOLUME XXXVI Editor-in-Chief: ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA The World Institute for Advanced Phenomenological Research and Learning Belmont, Massachusetts PHENOMENOLOGY IN THE WORLD FIFTY YEARS AFTER THE DEATH OF EDMUND HUSSERL Book 1 THE TURNING POINTS OF THE NEW PHENOMENOLOGICAL ERA Husserl Research — Drawing upon the Full Extent of His Development Book 2 HUSSERLIAN PHENOMENOLOGY IN A NEW KEY Inter subjectivity, Ethos, the Societal Sphere, Human Encounter, Pathos Book 3 HUSSERL'S LEGACY IN PHENOMENOLOGICAL PHILOSOPHIES New Approaches to Reason, Language, Hermeneutics, the Human Condition Book 4 NEW QUERIES IN AESTHETICS AND METAPHYSICS Time, Historicity, Art, Culture, Metaphysics, the Transnatural The Editor acknowledges the assistance of Robert Wise in the technical preparation of these volumes. HUSSERL'S L E G A CY IN P H E N O M E N O L O G I C AL PHILOSOPHIES New Approaches to Reason, Language, Hermeneutics, the Human Condition BOOK 3 Phenomenology in the World Fifty Years after the Death of Edmund Husserl Edited by A N N A - T E R E SA T Y M I E N I E C KA The World Phenomenology Institute Published under the auspices of The World Institute for Advanced Phenomenological Research and Learning A-T. Tymieniecka, President SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Library of Congress Cataloglng-ln-PublIcatIon Data Husserl's legacy in phenomeno 1 ogica1 philosophies : new approaches to reason, language, hermeneutics, human condition / edited by Anna -Teresa Tymieniecka. p. era. — (Analecta Husserliana ; v. 36) (Phenomenology in the world fifty years after the death of Husserl ; bk. 3) English, French, German, and Spanish. Chiefly papers from the First World Congress of Phenomenology held in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Sept. 26-Oct. 1, 1988. "Published under the auspices of the World Institute for Advanced Phenomeno logica 1 Research and Learning." Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-94-010-5489-8 ISBN 978-94-011-3368-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-3368-5 1. Husserl, Edmund, 1859-1938—Congresses. 2. Philosophy, Modern—20th century—Congresses. 3. Phenomenology—Congresses. I. Tymieniecka, Anna-Teresa. II. World Congress of Phenomenology (1st : 1988 : Santiago de Compostela, Spain) III. Series. IV. Series: Phenomenology in the world fifty years after the death of Husserl ; bk. 3. B3279.H94A129 vol. 36 [B829.5] 142' .7 s—dc20 [142'.7] 91-10632 ISBN 978-94-010-5489-8 Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1991 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1991 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991 and copyrightholders as specified on appropriate pages within. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ix INTRODUCTION xi PART ONE LANGUAGE, HERMENEUTICS ANGELA ALES BELLO I Phenomenology as Archeology vs. Contemporary Hermeneutics 3 ROBERT D. SWEENEY I Phenomenology and Hermeneutics 17 DOMENICO JERVOLINO I Ricoeur and Husserl: Towards a Hermeneutic Phenomenology 23 PATRICIO PENALVER G6MEZ I Phenomenology and the Deconstruction of Sense 31 PIERRE MILLION I Can Hermeneutics Respond to the Pre- dicament of Reason? From Husserl to Ricoeur 53 VICENT MARTfNEZ GUZMAN I On a Linguistic Phenome- nology of "Intention" 73 URBANO FERRER SANTOS I The Hermeneutical Derivation of Phenomenology 83 HIP6LITO RODRfGUEZ PINERO I Fenomenologia, hermen- eutica y lenguaje 93 JUGOSLA v VLAISA VLJEVIC I Husserl's Legacy in Derrida's Grammatological Opening 101 JUAN CARLOS COUCEIRO BUENO I La metMora en el discurso filos6fico: A su imagen y semejanza 119 PART TWO HUSSERL'S LEGACY IN THE POSTMODERN WORLD: Retrieving the Sense ofL ife CALVIN O. SCHRAG I Husserl's Legacy in the Postmodern World 127 v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS CORNELIS A. VAN PEURSEN / Beyond Husserl: Bracketing "All Possible Worlds" 135 FRANCO BOSIO / Contemporary Irrationalism and the Betrayal of Husserl's Legacy 145 DALLA S LA S KE Y / The Constructive Critique of Reason 159 KRYSTYNA GORNIAK-KOCIKOWSKA / Anna-Teresa Tym ieniecka's Philosophical Attitude towards Contemporary Problems of the Relation Between Human Beings and the World 165 MARY ROSE BARRAL / Creativity and the Critique of Reason 177 NADIA DELLE SITE / The Human Condition and the Specifically Human Significance of Life in the Philosophy of Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka 189 YNHUI PARK / The Unity of Being and Individualization: A Metaphysical Odyssey 199 J A VIER LERIN RIERA / World, Praxis, and Reason 213 JOHN MURUNGI / The African and the Task of Becoming a Phenomenologist 229 PART THREE HUSSERL AND OTHER PHILOSOPHERS ALGIS MICKUNAS / Landgrebe's School of Phenomenology 243 JESUS CONILL / Phenomenological Paths to Metaphysics 259 MANUEL RIOB6 GONZALEZ / Phenomenological Con- vergences between Fichte and Husserl 269 ROBERT D. WALSH / Husserl and Levinas: Transformations of the Epoche 283 MARIA EL6SEGUI ITXASO / The Body as the Union of the Psychic and the Physical in Bergson and Merleau-Ponty 297 THOMAS DAMAST / Das Problem der transzendentalen Reduktion in der phiinomenologischen Ontologie von Sartre 307 AMPARO ARINO VERDU / Husserl's Concept of "Inten- tionality" as the Starting Point for Sartre's Thinking 331 AURELIO RIZZACASA / The Husserlian Legacy in the Philosophy of Existence: Comments on Methodology 339 JOSE LUIS RODRIGUEZ GARCIA / The Character and Limits of Sartre's Reading of Husserl 351 TABLE OF CONTENTS vii MANUEL OLIVER MOLERO / The Philosophy of Zubiri as a Phenomenological Philosophy 361 HAROLD RALEY / Husserlian "Reduction" Seen from the Perspective of Phenomenological "Life" in the Ortegan School 371 DANIELA PUccI/Ortega's Approach to Husserlian Phe- nomenology 387 EMILIO DI VITO / Subjectivity between Logic and Life-World 395 INDEX OF NAMES 409 FOREWORD In this third volume of a monumental four book survey of Phenome nology world-wide fifty years after the death of its chief founder, Edmund Husserl, we have a collection of studies which, in the first place, consider Husserl's legacy in the postmodern world. The extent of our indebtedness to the Master is shown in explora tions of the archeology of knowledge, hermeneutics, and critical studies of language by A. Ales Bello, P. Pefialver, P. Million, V. Martinez Guzman, H. Rodriguez Pifiero, Y. Vlaisavlevich, and others. There follow calls for renewing the critique of reason by C. Schrag, F. Bosio, and J. Lerin Riera and discussion by D. Laskey, K. G6rniak-Kocikowska, M. R. Barral, Y. Park, and N. Delle Site on A-T. Tymieniecka's phe nomenology of life, which proposes a total reorientation of phenome nology by introducing a conception of the human condition in which the human creative act is the Archimedean point for philosophy. Studies on Husser! and other philosophers (Fichte, Landgrebe, Ingarden, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, Ortega y Gasset, Zubiri, Levinas, Tymieniecka) complete the book. (Among the authors are A. Mickunas, J. Conill, T. Damast, A. Rizzacasa, M. Oliver Molero, H. Raley, and D.Pucci.) At several major points these studies constitute a breakthrough in phenomenology, inaugurating a new phase in its unfolding. They were gathered at programs held by the World Institute for Advanced Phe nomenological Research and Learning in the commemorative year 1988/1989, chiefly the First World Congress of Phenomenology at Santiago de Compostela, Spain, with the aim of assessing the state of phenomenology in the world. ix ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA WORLD-WIDE PHENOMENOLOGY FULFILLING HUSSERL'S PROJECT An Introduction What is the status of Husserl's phenomenology today? Does it play any significant role or is it relegated to strictly historical research? Has the phenomenology initiated by Husserl come to an end? There is hardly any orthodox Husserlian today. But what is or could be an orthodox Husserlian? These questions come to mind when, even after fifty years of discussions among scholars since the death of this great master of phenomenology, we do not have a unified interpretation of his thought. Moreover, such a unifying interpretation is altogether impossible in view of Husserl's unfolding of his ever-expanding doctrine down to the very end of his life, and of his reaching ever-new perspectives. The possibility of a consensus about his thought recedes further and further as rival or competing interpretations have stimulated new phenome nologists and younger representatives to move in their own directions, often stimulated by non-Husserlian factors and nourished by new ideas. Lastly, the now vast field of research claiming allegiance to phenome nology is diversified into numerous sectors inspired by the developing thought of other classic phenomenologists and their followers. As a matter of fact, it is often pointed out that phenomenology as a philosophical trend is not due to one single thinker but was somehow "in the air" at the beginning of this century. We trace its direct origins to Franz Brentano and Edmund Husserl who, as the disciple inter preting the master's intuitions in his own fashion, had elaborated the starting point and foundations of phenomenology as a philosophia prima. Yet, we acknowledge that the vigor, decisiveness, convincing force, dissemination, as well as its launching as a new philosophical approach by Husserl was supported, invigorated and carried out by colleagues and friends who gathered around Husserl, such as Moritz Geiger, Fritz Kaufmann, Adolph Reinach, A. Pfaender, Oscar Becker and Max Scheler. They joined Husserl in his convictions while he inspired and formed a group of students around him. Their work not only contributed initially to launching the main porte parole of this new xi A -T. Tymieniecka (ed.), Analecta Husserliana, Vol. XXXVI, xi-xxii. © 1991 Kluwer Academic Publishers. xii INTRODUCTION way of thinking, the lahrbuch fUr Philosoph ie, but their own original phenomenological research has inspired in the past and is now inspiring phenomenological investigations in various regions of philosophical questions that they respectively undertook to investigate. In short, it is obvious that the powerful current of thought into which phenomenology gathered its momentum was the result of the meeting of several minds, meeting in a strong conviction and prompted by their personal inventive and talented efforts. It was truly a significant moment in the history of Occidental culture that gave rise to this trend as it is certainly also a significant situation of contemporary culture at large that phenomenology, after having formed a school of thought, did not fold its wings after one or two generations as did NeoKantianism but rather is being acutely heard within the world, not only Occidental or Oriental, but within the world wherever the present culture calls for genuine philosophical inspiration. In view of this vast expanse of thought and research which go on in the present day in lines of innumerable diversifications, we naturally must ask whether there is still a trend of shared features that could fall under the common label of "phenomenology." I answer this question emphatically in the affirmative. It is precisely in pointing to some basic ideas of Husserl that they converge. Don't we find, in fact, a pervading thread of the idea of inten tionality, although extended to new areas? Is not the expansion of phenomenological inquiry due to the discovery of the work of constitu tion in previously unsuspected areas? In mentioning here just these two main tenets of classic phenomenology expanded into present-day thought, we cannot overlook the fulguration of thought provoked by inquiries into the later Husserl's intuitions and the subsequent dis coveries of historical, cultural and life elements entering into and affecting present experience. Recognizing, on the one hand, the essential contributions to the classic phenomenological foundation-laying phase of phenomenology by Husserl's associates, then and now a valid source of our investiga tion, and, on the other hand, the innovative philosophical work by the following generation, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, Rombach and others not forgetting such mavericks as Heidegger and Ortega y Gasset which improved upon the pioneering ideas of the Husserl of his earlier and middle period, we cannot fail to acknowledge the central role which the work of Husserl plays within the entire phenomenologically oriented