PHAENOMENOLOGICA COLLECTION FONDEE PAR H.L. VAN BREDA ET PUBLIEE SOUS LE PATRONAGE DES CENTRES D'ARCHIVES-HUSSERL 125 R. PHILIP BUCKLEY HUSSERL, HEIDEGGER AND THE CRISIS OF PHILOSOPHICAL RESPONSIBILITY Comite de redaction de la collection: President: S. Usseling (Leuven) Membres: L. Landgrebet (Koln), W. Marx (Freiburg i. Br.), J.N. Mohanty (Philadelphia), P. Ricreur (Paris), E. Stroker (KOln), J. Taminiaux (Louvain-Ia-Neuve), Secretaire: J. Taminiaux HUSSERL, HEIDEGGER AND THE CRISIS OF PHILOSOPHICAL RESPONSIBILITY Husserl, Heidegger and the Crisis of Philosophica1 Responsibility R. PHILIP BUCKLEY Husserl-Archief, K.U. Leuven .... " SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 8uckley, R. Ph,l,p, 1959- Husserl, He'degger, and the crisis of ph,losoph,cal responsibiiity I R. Philip 8uckley. p. cm. -- (Phaenomenologica ; 125) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-94-010-5090-6 ISBN 978-94-011-2470-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2470-6 1. Husserl, Edmund, 1859-1938. 2. Heidegger, Martin, 1889-1976. 3. Crises (Ph,losophy)--History--20th century. I. Title. II. Ser ies. B3279.H94B74 1992 142' .7--dc20 92-2549 ISBN 978-94-010-5090-6 AII Rights Reserved © 1992 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1992 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1992 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix ABBREVIATIONS AND REFERENCES Xl FOREWORD XV PART ONE: HUSSERL AND THE CRISIS AS LOSS INTRODUCTION 3 CHAPTER ONE: Husserl's Description of the Crisis 9 (1) The crisis of the natural and human sciences 9 (i) The distinction between the natural and human sciences 10 (ii) The distinction between the naturalistic and personalis- tic attitudes 11 (iii) The domination of the natural scientific attitude 13 (iv) The threat to the human sciences from within 17 (2) The crisis of philosophy 20 (3) The crisis of culture and the loss of the meaning of science for human life 24 (i) The loss of the meaning of science for life 24 (ii) The crisis of European culture 27 CHAPTER TWO: The Genesis of the Crisis 37 (1) The shape of history 37 (2) The history of philosophy and the history of the sciences 42 v Vl TABLE OF CONTENTS (i) Galileo: re-establishment and transformation 42 (ii) Descartes to Kant: the struggle for subjectivity 49 CHAPTER THREE: The "Crisis" as Leitmotiv of Husserl's Thought 55 (1) Husserl and the crisis of mathematics and logic 56 (2) Philosophy and the crisis of culture 66 CHAPTER FOUR: The Overcoming of the Crisis of Forgetting 79 (1) The crisis as forgetting 80 (i) Forgetting as a proper definition of the crisis 80 (ii) Husserl's fear offorgetting 84 (iii) The refinement of retention: sedimentation 87 (2) HusserI's solutions to the crisis 92 (i) The world of the sciences and the life-world 93 (ii) The privileged human science: psychology 101 (iii) Transcendental phenomenology: the final establish- ment 105 CHAPTER FIVE: The Limits of Responsibility 112 (1) Philosophy and the overcoming of the crisis 112 (2) The logic oftheJelixcu/pa 122 (3) HusserI's voluntarism 131 PART TWO: HEIDEGGER AND THE CRISIS AS POSSIBILITY INTRODUCTION 149 CHAPTER SIX: Heidegger's Account of the Crisis 157 (1) The forgetting of the question and the forgetfulness of the questioner 158 (2) The genesis of the crisis in Heidegger 167 (i) The temporal structure of Dasein as the basis for its "historicality" 168 TABLE OF CONTENTS vii (ii) "Destruction" and recollection of the history of ontology 179 (3) Recollection as the overcoming of the crisis 184 CHAPTER SEVEN: Fundamental Ontology and the Crisis as Paradox 193 (l) Heidegger and the necessity of the crisis 194 (2) Heidegger's voluntarism and the paradox of authenticity 205 (i) The active-passive interplay within authenticity 206 (ii) The parallel between authenticity and faith 209 (iii) The parallel between authenticity and artistic creativity 212 (3) The politics of overcoming the crisis: the philosopher as "Fuhrer" 214 CHAPTER EIGHT: Philosophical Responsibility in the Age of Technology 234 (1) Heidegger's critique of technology 235 (i) Science, technology, philosophy 235 (ii) The ambiguity of Heidegger's critique 242 (2) Husserl as crisis-philosopher and Heidegger as philosopher of the crisis 245 CONCLUSION 263 BffiLIOGRAPHY 277 INDEX 293 Acknowledgements The habitus of critique arises only where there exists a community which provides the impetus and the continuing nourishment for it. It is a gift from others. One aspect of philosophical responsibility is a sense of gratitude for this gift. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the many people who have aided the completion of this project. The Husserl-Archive of Leuven has been a source of both philosophical inspiration and practical support. The Director of the Archive, Samuel IJsseling, is to be thanked for his understanding and encouragement and also for permission to cite material from Husserl's Nachlass. Through discussion with my colleagues Ullrich Melle and Steven Spileers, I have received much more than I have been able to offer in return. I thank them as well for not begrudging me the time spent on this project, and for their willingness to assume tasks which properly belonged to me. Ingrid Lombaerts has been generous in offering practical assistance with the preparation of this text. Comments made by John Sallis of Vanderbilt University upon an earlier version of my work were extremely astute and thought-provoking. To Rudolf Bernet of the University of Leuven, I wish to express my thanks for the helpful suggestions and critique which he lent at every stage of this project. Above all, for the example which Professor Bernet sets of philosophical honesty and responsibility, I am profoundly grateful. My wife, Lisa Marie, has provided irreplaceable practical and philosophi cal assistance to this project, and has been a steady support during the many "crises" encountered along the path to its completion. Finally, I am grateful to my mother and my late father for first creating an ethos wherein critical inquiry, honesty, and openness to the world were fostered. To them, I gladly dedicate this work. ix Abbreviations and References Detailed references are given on first mention of a work; thereafter, a standard form of shorter citation is used. For frequently cited texts, the following abbreviations are employed in the notes: (I) EDMUND HUSSERL CM = Cartesian Meditations = CN On the Concept ofN umber = Crisis The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology EU;EJ = Erfahrung und Urteil; Experience and Judgment = FTL Formal and Transcendental Logic = Hua Husserliana: Edmund Husserl-Gesammelte Werke: = HuaI Cartesianische Meditationen und Pariser Vortriige = HuaII Die Idee der Phiinomenologie Hua IIlII = Ideen zu einer reinen Phiinomenologie und phiinome nologischen Philosophie. Erstes Buch = HuaIV Ideen zu einer reinen Phiinomenologie und phiinome nologischen Philosophie. Zweites Buch = HuaV Ideen zu einer reinen Phiinomenologie und phiinome nologischen Philosophie. Drittes Buch = HuaVI Die Krisis der europiiischen Wissenschaften und die transzendentale Phiinomenologie = Hua VII Erste Philosophie. Erster Teil Hua VIII = Erste Philosophie. Zweiter Teil HuaIX = Phiinomenologische Psychologie HuaX = Zur Phiinomenologie des inneren Zeitbewusstseins xi xii ABBREVIA nONS AND REFERENCES = HuaXI Analysen zur passiven Synthesis = HuaXII Philosophie der Arithmetik = HuaXIII Zur Phiinomenologie der Intersubjektivitiit. Erster Teil (1905-1920) = HuaXIV Zur Phiinomenologie der Intersubjektivitiit. Zweiter Teil (1921-1928) = HuaXV Zur Phiinomenologie der Intersubjektivitiit. Dritter Teil (1929-1935) = HuaXVI Ding und Raum = HuaXVII Formale und transzendentale Logik = HuaXVIII Logische Untersuchungen. Prolegomena = HuaXIX Logische Untersuchungen HuaXXI = Studien zur Arithmetik und Geometrie = HuaXXII Aufsiitze und Rezensionen (1890-1910) = HuaXXIII Phantasie, Bildbewusstsein, Erinnerung = HuaXXIV Einleitung in die Logik und Erkenntnistheorie = HuaXXV Aufsiitze und Vortriige (1911-1921) = HuaXXVI Vorlesungen iiber Bedeutungslehre = HuaXXVII AUfsiitze und Vortriige (1922-1937) = HuaXXVIII Vorlesungen iiber Ethik und Wertlehre (1908-1914) = HuaXXIX Ergiinzungsband zur Krisis = Ideas IIIlIIII Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy. Books IIIlIIII = IDP The Idea of Phenomenology = U Logical Investigations = PA "Phenomenology and Anthropology" = Phen. Psych. Phenomenological Psychology = PRS "Philosophy as a Rigorous Science" = TC On the Phenomenology of the Consciousness of Internal Time (II) MARTIN HEIDEGGER = BP The Basic Problems of Phenomenology = EM; 1M Einfiihrung in die Metaphysik; An Introduction to Metaphysics = GA Martin Heidegger: Gesamtausgabe = GA 1 Friihe Schriften = GA5 Holzwege