SPRINGER BRIEFS IN ENVIRONMENT, SECURIT Y, DEVELOPMENT AND PEACE  MIGR ATION STUDIES 17 Premjai Vungsiriphisal Dares Chusri Supang Chantavanich Editors Humanitarian Assistance for Displaced Persons from Myanmar Royal Thai Government Policy and Donor, INGO, NGO and UN Agency Delivery SpringerBriefs in Environment, Security, Development and Peace Migration Studies Volume 17 Series editor Hans Günter Brauch For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/11825 http://www.afes-press-books.de/html/SpringerBriefs_ESDP_MiS.htm Premjai Vungsiriphisal • Dares Chusri Supang Chantavanich Editors Humanitarian Assistance for Displaced Persons from Myanmar Royal Thai Government Policy and Donor, INGO, NGO and UN Agency Delivery 123 Editors Premjai Vungsiriphisal Dares Chusri Supang Chantavanich Asian Research Center for Migration Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand ISSN 2193-3162 ISSN 2193-3170 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-319-02794-4 ISBN 978-3-319-02795-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-02795-1 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013951794 Ó The Author(s) 2014 This work is subject to copyright. 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Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Other Books by the Asian Research Center for Migration Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, Thailand in this Book Series Published by Springer Yongyuth Chalamwong, Naruemon Thabchumpon and Supang Chantavanich, (Eds.): Temporary Shelters and Surrounding Communities—Livelihood Opportu- nities, the Labour Market, Social Welfare and Social Security. SpringerBriefs in Environment, Security, Development and Peace, vol. 15—Migration Studies Subseries No. 2 (Cham–Heidelberg–Dordrecht–London–New York: Springer- Verlag, 2014). Suwattana Thadaniti and Supang Chantavanich (Eds.): The Impact of Displaced People’s Temporary Shelters on their Surrounding Environment. SpringerBriefs in Environment, Security, Development and Peace, vol. 16—Migration Studies Subseries No. 3 (Cham–Heidelberg–Dordrecht–London–New York: Springer- Verlag, 2014). Ben Harkins and Supang Chantavanich (Eds.) in cooperation with Nawita Direkwut and Aungkana Kamonpetch: Resettlement of Displaced Persons on the Thai-Myanmar Border. SpringerBriefs in Environment, Security, Development and Peace, vol. 18—Migration Studies Subseries No. 5 (Cham–Heidelberg– Dordrecht–London–New York: Springer-Verlag, 2014). v Acknowledgments The research team for Part I of this analysis of Royal Thai Government Policy towards displaced persons from Myanmar wishes to thank the displaced persons who reside in the nine temporary shelters in Thailand. Despite the fact that they are living with an uncertain future and little hope of return to their homeland, they still show their spirit and tolerance to visitors, including several visits of the research teams of this project. We hope this study may bring some changes to their lives. Without them, this research is meaningless. Our gratitude also goes to district officers and territorial defence security corps in the study areas, officers of the Royal Thai Government, especially the Operating Centre for Displaced Persons, Foreign Affairs Division to the Interior and Provincial Administration Office, Ministry of Interior, Office of National Security Council, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Border Affairs Department, Office of the Supreme Commander, for their everlasting support in our inquiries. Also, we would like to express our appre- ciation to all staff of the humanitarian organisations working in the shelters for their spirit and hard work under limitations. Further, we have to thank the United Nations Development Programme and European Union for their support to make this research possible, and our thanks also go to Dr. Supang Chantavanich for her decision to undertake this project, and the staff of the Asian Research Centre for Migration for their support for this research. The research team for Part II wishes to acknowledge the inputs provided by key informants, including displaced persons and local authorities from Tham Hin, Mae La and Ban Mai Nai Soi shelters, the Thai Ministry of Interior, various NGOs, WHO, EU and Bangkok-based Embassies including those of Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, UK and USA. The research team would like to thank the Asian Research Centre for Migration, specifically Prof. Dr. Supang Chantavanich, the Director, for providing the opportunity for our team to engage in this project. The research team also is thankful to the European Union and the United Nations Development Programme for their management and technical support of this study. The Co-editors would like to thank the Springer Briefs in Environment, Security, Development and Peace, the Language Editor Graham Bennett, the book Series and Copy Editor PD Dr. Hans Günter Brauch, to Dr. Johanna Schwarz, vii viii Acknowledgments Ms. Agata Oelschlaeger, Ms. Janet Sterritt of Springer’s editorial office in Hei- delberg, Germany and to Springer’s book production team in Chennai in India. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of UNDP or the other organisations men- tioned in this report. Bangkok, August 2013 Premjai Vungsiriphisal Dares Chusri Supang Chantavanich Contents Part I Analysis of the Royal Thai Government Policy Towards Displaced Persons from Myanmar 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Premjai Vungsiriphisal, Graham Bennett, Chanarat Poomkacha, Waranya Jitpong and Kamonwan Reungsamran 2 Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Premjai Vungsiriphisal, Graham Bennett, Chanarat Poomkacha, Waranya Jitpong and Kamonwan Reungsamran 3 RTG Policy Towards Displaced Persons from Myanmar: Development and Current Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Premjai Vungsiriphisal, Graham Bennett, Chanarat Poomkacha, Waranya Jitpong and Kamonwan Reungsamran 4 RTG Policy and the Needs of the Displaced Persons . . . . . . . . . . 53 Premjai Vungsiriphisal, Graham Bennett, Chanarat Poomkacha, Waranya Jitpong and Kamonwan Reungsamran 5 Solutions and Policy Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Premjai Vungsiriphisal, Graham Bennett, Chanarat Poomkacha, Waranya Jitpong and Kamonwan Reungsamran 6 Conclusions and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Premjai Vungsiriphisal, Graham Bennett, Chanarat Poomkacha, Waranya Jitpong and Kamonwan Reungsamran ix x Contents Part II Analysis of the Royal Thai Government Policy and of Donor, INGO/NGO and UN Agency Delivery of Humanitarian Assistance for Displaced Persons from Myanmar 7 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Dares Chusri, Tarina Rubin, Ma. Esmeralda Silva, Jason D. Theede, Sunanta Wongchalee and Patcharin Chansawang 8 Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Dares Chusri, Tarina Rubin, Ma. Esmeralda Silva, Jason D. Theede, Sunanta Wongchalee and Patcharin Chansawang 9 Funding Policy, Project Implementation Strategies and Cooperation Strategies with the RTG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Dares Chusri, Tarina Rubin, Ma. Esmeralda Silva, Jason D. Theede, Sunanta Wongchalee and Patcharin Chansawang 10 The Dynamics, Needs and Constraints of Stakeholders . . . . . . . . 145 Dares Chusri, Tarina Rubin, Ma. Esmeralda Silva, Jason D. Theede, Sunanta Wongchalee and Patcharin Chansawang 11 The Impacts of Existing Intervention Mechanisms, Including Gender-Related Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Dares Chusri, Tarina Rubin, Ma. Esmeralda Silva, Jason D. Theede, Sunanta Wongchalee and Patcharin Chansawang 12 The Limitations and Constraints on Effective Intervention Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Dares Chusri, Tarina Rubin, Ma. Esmeralda Silva, Jason D. Theede, Sunanta Wongchalee and Patcharin Chansawang 13 Conclusions and Recommandations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Dares Chusri, Tarina Rubin, Ma. Esmeralda Silva, Jason D. Theede, Sunanta Wongchalee and Patcharin Chansawang Appendix A: Context of Study Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Appendix B: List of Key Informants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Appendix C: Displaced Person Status Determination Procedure . . . . . 195 Appendix D: Detailed Descriptions of Study Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Contents xi Appendix E: Details of Interviewees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Appendix F: Displaced Person Respondent Characteristics . . . . . . . . . 205 Appendix G: Key Informants Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Appendix H: Questionnaire for Sustainable Solutions to the Displaced People Situation Along the Thai–Myanmar Border . . . . 217 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Chulalongkorn University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 The Institute of Asian Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Asian Research Center for Migration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 About the Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 About the Other Authors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 About this Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245