Human Trafficking Edited by WILLAN Maggy Lee PUBLISHING Human Trafficking Human Trafficking Edited by Maggy Lee WILLAN PUBLISHING Published by Willan Publishing Culmcott House Mill Street, Uffculme Cullompton, Devon EX15 3AT, UK Tel: +44(0)1884 840337 Fax: +44(0)1884 840251 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.willanpublishing.co.uk Published simultaneously in the USA and Canada by Willan Publishing c/o ISBS, 920 NE 58th Ave, Suite 300, Portland, Oregon 97213-3786, USA Tel: +001(0)503 287 3093 Fax: +001(0)503 280 8832 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.isbs.com © Editor and contributors 2007 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting copying in the UK issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P9HE. First published 2007 Hardback ISBN 978-1-84392-242-1 Paperback ISBN 978-1-84392-241-4 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Project managed by Deer Park Productions, Tavistock, Devon Typeset by GCS, Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire Printed and bound by T.J. International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall Contents Ackoivledgements vii Notes on contributors ix 1 Introduction: Understanding human trafficking 1 Maggy Lee 2 Historical approaches to the trade in human beings 26 /ohn T. Picarelli 3 Researching into human trafficking: Issues and problems 49 Andrea Di Nicola 4 A conducive context: Trafficking of persons in Central Asia 73 Liz Kelly 5 Trafficking into and from Eastern Europe 92 Ezva Morawska 6 Human trafficking as a form of transnational crime 116 Louise Shelley 7 From HIV prevention to counter-trafficking: Discursive 138 shifts and institutional continuities in South-East Asia Johan Lindquist and Nicola Piper Human Trafficking 8 Immigration detention in Britain 159 Mary Bosworth 9 Shooting the passenger: Australia's war on illicit 178 migrants Michael Grew cock 10 The rights of strangers: Policies, theories, philosophies 210 Barbara Hudson Index 232 vi Acknowledgements This book was made possible by the help and support of a number of people. I would like to thank the reviewers who provided useful suggestions and encouraging remarks about the original proposal. I am also grateful to Brian Willan at Willan Publishing for guiding the manuscript through to publication with much enthusiasm and patience. The idea for this edited book came about as a result of conversations with Marla Asis and Nicola Piper at the 'Migrations in Asia and Europe' conference organised by the Scalabrini Migration Centre in the Philippines in January 2005. The Department of Sociology at the Universities of Essex and Hong Kong have provided an intellectually stimulating and convivial environment in which to pursue the book project. Much of the work was facilitated by a grant from the British Academy and generous sabbatical leave from the University of Essex in the winter of 2005. Colleagues and friends have supported and advised me during the course of preparing this book. I am particularly grateful to Eugene McLaughlin, Loraine Gelsthorpe, Maurice Punch, Tim Newburn, Rob Stones, and Thomas Wong. This edited volume has been a truly international collaborative effort. New friendships have been forged and new joint scholarly endeavours developed in the process. I am deeply appreciative of the contributing authors for their commitment to the book project, for working to the deadlines, and for offering their outstanding contributions to this collection. Maggy Lee University of Essex and the University of Hong Kong June 2007 Notes on contributors Mary Bosworth is University Lecturer at the Centre for Criminology, University of Oxford. She works on punishment, incarceration and immigration detention with a particular focus on how matters of race, gender and citizenship shape the experience and nature of confinement. She is author of Engendering Resistance: agency and power in women's prisons (Ashgate, 1999); The US Federal Prison System (Sage, 2002); and Explaining US Imprisonment (Sage, forthcoming 2008), and has edited books and written numerous journal articles and book chapters on prisons, punishment, race, gender and qualitative research methods. She is currently book review editor of Theoretical Criminology. Andrea Di Nicola is Researcher at the Faculty of Law, University of Trento and Research Coordinator (Trento office) of Transcrime, University of Trento/Catholic University of Milan in Italy. His main publications include: 'National Criminal Records and Organised Crime in Italy' (with Vettori) in Financial Crime in the EU: Criminal records as effective tools or missed opportunities? (Kluwer Law International, 2005); 'Trafficking in Human Beings and Smuggling of Migrants', in Handbook of Transnational Crime and Justice (Sage, 2005); Measuring Organised Crime in Europe (with Van der Beken et al.) (Maklu Publishers, 2004); 'Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants into Italy' (with Savona et al.), Transcrime Reports (2004); 'Trafficking in Women for the Purpose of Sexual Exploitation: knowledge-based preventative strategies from Italy', in Managing Security (Perpetuity Press, 2003).