7 1 0 2 y r a u n a J 4 2 4 5 : 5 0 t a ] o g e i D n a S a, i n r o f i l a C f o y t i s r e v i n U [ y b d e d a o l n w o D Human Rights, Race, and Resistance in Africa and the African Diaspora 7 1 0 2 y r a u n a J 4 Africans and their descendants have long been faced with abuse of their human 2 rights, most frequently due to racism or racialized issues. Consequently, under- 4 5 standing shifting conceptualizations of race and identity is essential to understand- : 5 ing how people of color confronted these encounters. This book addresses these 0 t issues and their connections to social justice, discrimination, and equality move- a ] ments. From colonial abuses or their legacies, black people around the world have o g historically encountered discrimination, and yet they do not experience injustice e Di opaquely. The chapters in this book explore and clarify how Africans, and their n descendants, struggled to achieve agency despite long histories of discrimination. a S Contributors draw upon a range of case studies related to resistance, and examine a, these in conjunction with human rights and the concept of race to provide a thor- i n ough exploration of the diasporic experience. Human Rights, Race, and Resistance r o f in Africa and the African Diaspora will appeal to students and scholars of Ethnic i al and Racial Studies, African History, and Diaspora Studies. C f o Toyin Falola is the Jacob and Frances Sanger Mossiker Chair in the Humanities y t and University Distinguished Teaching Professor at the University of Texas at i s r Austin, US. e v i n U Cacee Hoyer is an Assistant Professor in the Department of History at the Uni- [ y versity of Southern Indiana, US. b d e d a o l n w o D Routledge African Studies 7 1 0 2 y r a u n a J 4 11 Pan- Africanism, and the Politics 17 Continuity and Change in 2 of African Citizenship and Sub- Saharan African 4 Identity Demography 5 5: Edited by Toyin Falola and Edited by Clifford O. Odimegwu 0 t Kwame Essien and John Kekovole a o] 12 Securing Africa 18 Sexual Violence in Conflict and eg Local Crises and Foreign Post- Conflict Societies Di Interventions International Agendas and African n Edited by Toyin Falola and Contexts a S Charles Thomas Edited by Doris Buss, a, Joanne Lebert, Blair Rutherford, i 13 African Youth in Contemporary n Donna Sharkey and or Literature and Popular Culture Obijiofor Aginam if Identity Quest l a C Edited by Vivian Yenika-A gbaw 19 Land Reforms and Natural of and Lindah Mhando Resource Conflicts in Africa y New Development Paradigms in t 14 Indigenous Discourses on si the Era of Global Liberalization r Knowledge and Development e Edited by v in Africa ni Edited by Edward Shizha and Tukumbi Lumumba- Kasongo U [ Ali A. Abdi y 20 Cultural Entrepreneurship in b d 15 African Culture and Global Africa e Politics Edited by Ute Röschenthaler and d a Language, Philosophies, and Dorothea Schulz o nl Expressive Culture in Africa and w the Diaspora 21 The New African Diaspora in Do Edited by Toyin Falola and the United States Danielle Porter Sanchez Edited by Toyin Falola and Adebayo Oyebade 16 Urbanization and Socio- Economic Development in Africa 22 Human Rights, Race, and Challenges and Opportunities Resistance in Africa and the Edited by Steve Kayizzi-M ugerwa, African Diaspora Abebe Shimeles and Edited by Toyin Falola and Nadège Désirée Yaméogo Cacee Hoyer Human Rights, Race, and Resistance in Africa and the African Diaspora 7 1 0 2 y r a u n a J Edited by 4 2 4 Toyin Falola and 5 : 5 Cacee Hoyer 0 t a ] o g e i D n a S a, i n r o f i l a C f o y t i s r e v i n U [ y b d e d a o l n w o D First published 2017 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business 7 © 2017 Taylor & Francis 1 0 The right of Toyin Falola and Cacee Hoyer to be identified as the authors 2 y of the editorial matter, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has r been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, ua Designs and Patents Act 1988. n a All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or 4 J utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now 2 known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in 4 any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing 5 from the publishers. : 5 0 Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or t registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation a ] without intent to infringe. o g Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data e i Names: Falola, Toyin, editor. | Hoyer, Cacee, editor. D Title: Human rights, race, and resistance in Africa and the African n diaspora / Edited by Toyin Falola and Cacee Hoyer. a S Other titles: Routledge African studies ; 22. a, Description: New York, NY : Routledge, 2016. | Series: Routledge i African studies ; 22 | Includes bibliographical references and index. n r Identifiers: LCCN 2016009875| ISBN 9781138679887 (hardback) | o f ISBN 9781315543819 (ebook) li Subjects: LCSH: Africa–Race relations. | Blacks–Civil rights–Africa. | a C Human rights. | African diaspora–Social conditions. | Race relations. f Classification: LCC DT15 .H86 2016 | DDC 302.896–dc23 o LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016009875 y t si ISBN: 978-1-138-67988-7 (hbk) er ISBN: 978-1-315-54381-9 (ebk) v ni Typeset in Times New Roman U by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear [ y b d e d a o l n w o D 7 1 0 2 y r a u n a 4 J To Cherno Njie, for struggles to transform the Gambia. 2 –Toyin Falola 4 5 : 5 0 To my family for their support and love. t a –Cacee Hoyer ] o g e i D n a S a, i n r o f i l a C f o y t i s r e v i n U [ y b d e d a o l n w o D 7 1 0 2 y r a u n a J 4 2 4 5 : 5 0 t a ] o g e i D n a S a, i n r o f i l a C f o y t i s r e v i n U [ y b d e d a o l n w o D Contents 7 1 0 2 y r a u n a J 4 Notes on Contributors ix 2 4 5 5: Introduction 1 0 t TOYIN FALOLA AND CACEE HOYER a ] o g e i PART I D n Human Rights 15 a S a, 1 Human Rights as Natural Rights: The Quest for Theoretical i n Grounding 17 r o if WANJALA S. NASONG’O l a C f 2 Exploring the Social Protection Rights of the African Child 32 o y RACHAEL OJIMA AGARRY t i s r e v 3 Untangling Discursive Reproduction: Negras, Sterilization, i n U and Reproductive Rights in Brazil 47 [ y UGO FELICIA EDU b d e d 4 Human Rights and Physical Capital: Panacea to Sustainable a o Development in Africa 64 l n w JONATHAN ALI OGWUCHE o D PART II Race, Racism, and Discrimination 83 5 Yearning for Whiteness: Racial Identification Among the Coloureds of Antigua, 1660s–1860s 85 NSAkA SESEPkEkIU viii Contents 6 The African Drum, Bantu World and South Africa–United States Transnational Linkages, 1949–1954 109 DEREk CHARLES CATSAM 7 Organized Labor and the Struggle for Black and Working- Class Citizenship in Cienfuegos, Cuba, 1899–1902 126 7 BONNIE A. LUCERO 1 0 2 y PART III r a u Discrimination and Resistance 149 n a J 4 8 State Violence, Radical Protest and the Black/African 2 4 Female Body 151 5 5: kANYINSOLA O. OBAYAN 0 t a ] 9 Revolution at the Crossroads: Re- Framing the Haitian o g Revolution from the Heights of Platons 170 e Di MICHAEL BECkER n a S 10 Uprooted: African Americans in Mexico; International a, Propaganda, Migration, and the Resistance against US i n r Racial Hegemony 188 o f i ALFREDO AGUILAR l a C f 11 Re- Membering Samson OtherWise: Resistance, Revolution, o y and Relationality in a Rastafari Reading of Judges 13–16 210 t i s r A. PAIGE RAWSON e v i n U Index 232 [ y b d e d a o l n w o D Contributors 7 1 0 2 y r a u n a 4 J Editors 2 4 Toyin Falola, past President of the African Studies Association, occupies the 5 : Jacob and Frances Sanger Mossiker Chair in the Humanities. He has written 5 0 widely on Africa, including books on contemporary issues and is a recipient t a of over 20 life-time distinguished career awards. ] o g Cacee Hoyer is an Assistant Professor in the Department of History at the e Di University of Southern Indiana, US. Her current research examines cross- n cultural opposition to apartheid in post- World War II Durban, South Africa; a S her work challenges the accepted historiography of the early anti- apartheid a, movement in South Africa by arguing that non- white elites were unable to i n gain a broad base of support from their working class constituents. Her r o f teaching and research interests are human rights and social justice, Africa i al and the Indian Ocean world, race relations in southern Africa, ethnicity and C f identity formation, apartheid politics, and oral histories. Cacee earned her o PhD from the University of Texas at Austin. She also graduated with with a y t Master’s in Social Studies Education from the University of Iowa, and a i s r Bachelor of Science in History education from the university of e v i Northern Iowa. n U [ y b Authors d e d Rachael Ojima Agarry is a Lecturer in kwara State University, Malete, a o Nigeria. She specializes in Early Childhood Education. She is an advocate for l n w children, particularly less privileged ones. She is very passionate about chil- o dren, their education and general well-b eing. She had organized various advo- D cacy programs for young children and had also authored several journal articles on issues relating to children. Alfredo Aguilar is a doctoral student in the Department of History at Texas Tech university. He holds a BA and MA in History from the university of Texas- Pan American. His research focuses on race and ethnicity, transnation- alism, and borderlands. His current research is focused on the international relationship of African Americans and Mexico.