* The earth sciences inventory did not include anthropology, which was classified instead as a social science and therefore was not among the inventories for analysis. Among the 130 anthropologists identified in any of the science sources, four were women, or 3.0 percent. * Total number of significant figures times .022. * Work country refers to the nation where a significant figure spent the most important part of his career. † The numerator is Jewish significant figures per million Jewish population. The denominator is Gentile significant figures per million Gentile population. * Chemistry, Medicine, Physics. * Adapted from The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life by Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray. Copyright © 1994 by Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray. Reprinted with permission of The Free Press, a Division of Simon & Schuster Trade Publishing Group. I have made a few minor changes to the original text, eliminating some material specific to issues in The Bell Curve and rewording a few sentences to fit the context of Human Accomplishment. * Persons classified as “other” in the scientific categories could qualify as a significant figures, with an index score, for use in analyses where the scientific categories were aggregated. † Some sources were used for more than one category. Human Accomplishment The Pursuit of Excellence in the Arts and Sciences, 800 . to 1950 B.C C M HARLES URRAY