spine=2.16” Programming Languages/HTML YWoeub t wooiz caarnd !b Heecroem’se h ao w to go toVoallsu oanb lCeD b-oRnOuMs ! Covers HTML5 and prior versions of HTML! 2nd Edition from simple pages to super sites 2nd Edition M L , M L , XHT Contemplating your first dip into Web page creation, or Open the book and find: H HT ready to take your sites to the next level? All you need are • The basics of building XHTML T these eight minibooks. Newbies can start at the beginning for a complete understanding of basic page creation with documents M & CSS HTML5, XHTML, and CSS. If you’ve been there and done • What to do with selectors, classes, and styles that, jump ahead to managing data with MySQL, building & L AJAX connections, and more! • How to build flexible layouts A • Lay the foundation — build the skeleton of your pages with • Tips on using HTML5 LL- C, A L L - I N - O N E XHTML, use CSS to add color and formatting, and create dynamic I X N • Secrets of managing files and buttons or menus - S directories O H • Serve it up — move to the server and use PHP to program N responses to Web requests or connect to databases • All about SQL coding E S T • AJAX essentials and how to • Manage data — set up a secure data server and create a reliable and trustworthy data back-end for your site add events with jQuery M • Explore AJAX — learn the essentials of AJAX, how to add events • The advantages of a Content and animation, and cool ways to use the UI library Management System L • Create super sites — understand clients and servers, work with , content management systems, and more 8 BBOOOOKKSS Bonus CD Includes Making Everything Easier!™ 1 IN Firefox browser plus valuable extensions and plugins Aptana programmer’s editor that simplifies the process Go to Dummies.com® XAMPP, an easy-to-install server package for videos, step-by-step examples, how-to articles, or to shop! Visit the companion Web site at www.dummies.com/ • Creating the HTML/XHTML Foundation • Styling with CSS go/htmlxhtmlandcssaiofd2e for code and other • Using Positional CSS supporting materials • Client-Side Programming with JavaScript® • Server-Side Programming with PHP • Managing Data with MySQL® $39.99 US / $47.99 CN / £27.99 UK • Into the Future with AJAX Andy Harris taught himself programming because it was fun. Today he ISBN 978-0-470-53755-8 • Moving from Pages to Sites teaches computer science, game development, and Web programming at the university level; is a technology consultant for the state of Indiana; and Valuable bonus programs on CD-ROM has helped people with disabilities to form their own Web development companies. Andy Harris Harris spine=2.16” Get More and Do More at Dummies.com ® Start with FREE Cheat Sheets Cheat Sheets include Apps (cid:129) Checklists Mobile (cid:129) Charts (cid:129) Common Instructions (cid:129) And Other Good Stuff! To access the Cheat Sheet created specifically for this book, go to www.dummies.com/cheatsheet/htmlxhtmlandcss Get Smart at Dummies.com Dummies.com makes your life easier with 1,000s of answers on everything from removing wallpaper to using the latest version of Windows. Check out our There’s a Dummies App for This and That (cid:129) Videos (cid:129) Illustrated Articles (cid:129) Step-by-Step Instructions With more than 200 million books in print and over 1,600 unique Plus, each month you can win valuable prizes by entering titles, Dummies is a global leader in how-to information. Now our Dummies.com sweepstakes. * you can get the same great Dummies information in an App. With topics such as Wine, Spanish, Digital Photography, Certification, Want a weekly dose of Dummies? Sign up for Newsletters on (cid:129) Digital Photography and more, you’ll have instant access to the topics you need to (cid:129) Microsoft Windows & Office know in a format you can trust. (cid:129) Personal Finance & Investing (cid:129) Health & Wellness To get information on all our Dummies apps, visit the following: (cid:129) Computing, iPods & Cell Phones www.Dummies.com/go/mobile from your computer. (cid:129) eBay www.Dummies.com/go/iphone/apps from your phone. (cid:129) Internet (cid:129) Food, Home & Garden Find out “HOW” at Dummies.com *Sweepstakes not currently available in all countries; visit Dummies.com for official rules. HTML, XHTML, & CSS ALL-IN-ONE FOR DUMmIES ‰ 2ND EDITION 0011__99778800447700553377555588--ffffiirrss..iinndddd ii 1100//77//1100 88::2244 PPMM 0011__99778800447700553377555588--ffffiirrss..iinndddd iiii 1100//77//1100 88::2244 PPMM HTML, XHTML, & CSS ALL-IN-ONE FOR DUMmIES ‰ 2ND EDITION by Andy Harris 0011__99778800447700553377555588--ffffiirrss..iinndddd iiiiii 1100//77//1100 88::2244 PPMM Disclaimer: This eBook does not include ancillary media that was packaged with the printed version of the book. HTML, XHTML, & CSS All-in-One For Dummies®, 2nd Edition Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2011 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permit- ted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permission Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http:// www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affi liates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITH- OUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZA- TION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ. For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002. For technical support, please visit www.wiley.com/techsupport. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Control Number: 2010937814 ISBN: 978-0-470-53755-8 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0011__99778800447700553377555588--ffffiirrss..iinndddd iivv 1100//77//1100 88::2244 PPMM About the Author Andy Harris began his teaching life as a special education teacher. As he was teaching young adults with severe disabilities, he taught himself enough com- puter programming to support his teaching habit with freelance program- ming. Those were the exciting days when computers started to have hard drives, and some computers began communicating with each other over an arcane mechanism some were calling the Internet. All this time Andy was teaching computer science part time. He joined the faculty of the Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Computer Science department in 1995. He serves as a Senior Lecturer, teaching the introductory courses to freshmen as well as numerous courses on Web development, general programming, and game programming. As manager of the Streaming Media Laboratory, he developed a number of online video- based courses, and worked on a number of international distance education projects including helping to start a computer science program in Tetevo, Macedonia FYR. Andy is the author of several other computing books including JavaScript For Dummies, Flash Game Programming For Dummies, and Game Programming: the L Line. He invites your comments and questions at andy@aharris books.net. You can visit his main site and fi nd a blog, forum, and links to other books at http://www.aharrisbooks.net. 0011__99778800447700553377555588--ffffiirrss..iinndddd vv 1100//77//1100 88::2244 PPMM 0011__99778800447700553377555588--ffffiirrss..iinndddd vvii 1100//77//1100 88::2244 PPMM Dedication I dedicate this book to Jesus Christ, my personal savior, and to Heather, the joy in my life. I also dedicate this project to Elizabeth, Matthew, Jacob, and Benjamin. I love each of you. Author’s Acknowledgments Thank you fi rst to Heather. Even though I type all the words, this book is a real partnership, like the rest of our life. Thanks for being my best friend and companion. Thanks also for doing all the work it takes for us to sustain a family when I’m in writing mode. Thank you to Mark Enochs. It’s great to have an editor who gets me, and who’s willing to get excited about a project. I really enjoy working with you. Thanks very much to Katie Feltman. It’s fun to see how far a few wacky ideas have gone. Thanks for continuing to believe in me, and for helping me to always fi nd an interesting new project. Thank you to the copy editors: fi rst and foremost, I thank Brian Walls for his all his hard work in making this edition presentable. Thanks also go to Teresa Artman, John Edwards, and Melba Hopper for their help. I appreciate your efforts to make my geeky mush turn into something readable. Thanks for improving my writing. A special thanks to Jeff Noble for his technical editing. I appreciate your vigi- lance. You have helped to make this book as technically accurate as possible. Thank you to the many people at Wiley who contribute to a project like this. The author only gets to meet a few people, but so many more are involved in the process. Thank you very much for all you’ve done to help make this project a reality. Thanks to Chris McCulloh for all you did on the fi rst edition, and I thank you for your continued friendship. A big thank you to the open source community which has created so many incredible tools and made them available to all. I’d especially like to thank the creators of Firefox, Firebug, Aptana, HTML Validator, the Web Developer tool- bar, Ubuntu and the Linux community, Notepad++, PHP, Apache, jQuery, and the various jQuery plugins. This is an amazing and generous community effort. I’d fi nally like to thank the IUPUI computer science family for years of support on various projects. Thank you especially to all my students, current and past. I’ve learned far more from you than the small amount I’ve taught. Thank you for letting me be a part of your education. 0011__99778800447700553377555588--ffffiirrss..iinndddd vviiii 1100//77//1100 88::2244 PPMM Publisher’s Acknowledgments We’re proud of this book; please send us your comments through our online registration form located at http://dummies.custhelp.com. For other comments, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002. Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following: Acquisitions, Editorial, and Media Composition Services Development Project Coordinators: Katherine Crocker, Senior Project Editor: Mark Enochs Lynsey Stanford Senior Acquisitions Editor: Katie Feltman Layout and Graphics: Carl Byers, Timothy C. Detrick Copy Editors: Brian Walls, Teresa Artman, John Edwards, Melba Hopper Proofreaders: Lauren Mandelbaum, Christine Sabooni Technical Editor: Jeff Noble Indexer: BIM Indexing & Proofreading Services Editorial Manager: Leah Cameron Special Help: Tonya Cupp, Media Development Project Manager: Colleen Totz Diamond Laura Moss-Hollister Media Development Assistant Project Manager: Jenny Swisher Media Development Assistant Producer: Shawn Patrick Editorial Assistant: Amanda Graham Sr. Editorial Assistant: Cherie Case Cartoons: Rich Tennant (www.the5thwave.com) Publishing and Editorial for Technology Dummies Richard Swadley, Vice President and Executive Group Publisher Andy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher Mary Bednarek, Executive Acquisitions Director Mary C. Corder, Editorial Director Publishing for Consumer Dummies Diane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher Composition Services Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services 0011__99778800447700553377555588--ffffiirrss..iinndddd vviiiiii 1100//77//1100 88::2244 PPMM