1 Queen Pomare IV ʻAimata Pōmare IV Vahine-o-Punuateraʻitua 2 This is a historical work based on the public domain book “Polynesian Reminiscences” by William Thomas Pritchard with edits, images, arrangement by Larry W Jones Copyright 2022 © by Larry W Jones All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or used in any manner without written permission of the copyright owner except for quotations in a book review. First edition - 2022 Book design by Larry W Jones Published by lulu.com ISBN – 978-1-387-83763-2 3 Part I. Editor’s Preface by Berthold Seemann: T h e present volume does not promulgate any theories on the many ques- tions, scientific, political, and religious, the solution of which invests the is- lands of the South Seas with so peculiar an interest at the present time; but it furnishes much trust-worthy information on almost every subject con- nected with their inhabitants. Born in Tahiti, familiar with most of the di- alects of the widely-spread Polynesian language, intimately acquainted with every habit and custom of both the light and dark-skinned South Sea Is- lander, and for many years officially employed by our Government as British Consul, the author enjoyed singular advantages for acquiring information; and the notes he accumulated were so voluminous, that he would have found it far less difficult to produce several volumes on Polynesia than to compress his materials into one. Indeed, the abundance of the materials was most embarrasing; and the un- grateful task of selecting the best stories and the most curious information has in a great measure, especially since the author’s departure for Mexico, fallen to my task as Editor. I may add, that I have endeavoured to acquit my- self to the best of my judgment, and that I, not the author, must be held re- sponsible for whatever deficiencies may be observed in the following pages. Having made several voyages to the South Seas when attached to Govern- ment expeditions, I have a tolerably fair knowledge of that portion of the globe, and I may perhaps be allowed to state that Mr. Pritchard’s pages ap- pear to me to be amongst the most trustworthy and valuable that have as yet issued from the London press, and that they ought to take rank with Ellis’s ‘ Polynesian Researches’ and Mariner’s ‘Tonga,’ the two classical works on Polynesia. My personal acquaintance with the author dates from the time when I was attached to the Government mission to the Viti or Fiji Islands, when I was introduced to him by a letter from Lord Russell. During my stay in those islands, I had ample opportunities of observing the admirable tact, zeal, and industry displayed by Mr. Pritchard in his official capacity; how he used to exert himself all day long in behalf of the daily in- 4 creasing number of white settlers, and of the numerous natives who claimed his interference or appealed to his love of justice; and how he used to sit up all night, writing dispatches or translating documents, so that no impedi- ment should take place in the next day’s proceedings. H e was the first who framed a code of laws for a lawless group of two hun- dred islands; and these laws are so admirably adapted to the primitive state of society then existing in Fiji, that every man of sense willingly submitted to them. A copy of his code may be seen in the library of the British Museum. No one can read the following pages without feeling that Mr. Pritchard was certainly the right man in the right place. I t is, therefore, melancholy to add that all his tact, zeal, and industry were unavailing; that a combination was formed against him, and that this combi- nation was powerful enough, and lasted long enough, to effect his dismissal from the public service. It is satisfactory to the author’s friends, that the mo- ment he was informed of this, he hastened to London to defend himself; but his letters, begging for a fair investigation of his official conduct, were un- heeded; and after wasting more than a year in London, and spending a con- siderable sum of money, he was reluctantly compelled to acknowledge that no justice was to be had for him through the channel by which he sought it. The reader need not, however, fear that this grievance will be intruded on his notice in the following pages: there is hardly an allusion to it, and it is only dire necessity which prompts me to mention the subject at all. Berthold Seemann, London, October 1, 1866. 5 tahItI under her natIVe GoVernment Born in the Pacific, of English parents, I hardly knew whether to call Eng- land or Tahiti my fatherland. "When, as a boy, playing at my mother’s feet, I heard her talk of “Old England” as every daughter of England speaks of her native land, I used to feel proud, and flattered myself that I too was English. But when patted on the head by Queen Pomare and called her little favourite, carried about on the backs of her attendants, and every juvenile whim quickly humoured, I forgot all the pretty little stories of the far-off land, and thought only of the present— of the actual before and around me: then there was no place like Tahiti, and I have a lingering fancy that in my childish vanity there was the thought that after all it was perhaps better to be born a Tahitian than an Englishman. But when, at the age of ten, I was sent to the home of my parents, England soon became tne fatherland; and as years rolled on Tahiti was remembered only as the lovely little spot where I wasbom—where I played and romped under the shade of breadfruit trees and orange groves, and along the sandy beaches and over the reefs of the seashore, without thought of Latin grammars or Greek hexameters, of puz- zling circles and triangles, or mysterious signs and quantities. "When at last as a schoolboy I learned that Tahiti was no longer the Tahiti of my child- hood,—that from the Tahiti of Queen Pomare it had become the Tahiti of Louis Philippe,— I hardly cared to remember even that much. But the little story of that change has never yet been truthfully told, and I shall not apolo- gize for introducing it. Discovered by Wallis on the 19th of June, 1767, ceded to Great Britain by Queen Beria, and the British flag, hoisted at Matavai Bay on the 23rd, Tahiti received the name of “King George the Third’s Island,’’ in token of the formal possession declared by its discoverer. Three times visited by the immortal Cook, notably in the annals of science in the year 1794 to observe the transit of Venus, it was on the 7th of March, 1797, that, with the consent of its natives, Tahiti was at length occupied by a band of pioneer En- glishmen. These men were sent out by the London Missionary Society to Christianize the Tahitians. With alternate fortunes, but unvarying devotion, this little band toiled at their labour from year to year,—at first with slight, at last with complete success. 6 WIllIam thomas PrItchard 7 From time to time, the band was recruited from England, and in 1824 my fa- ther and mother went out. Appointed to reside at Papeete, which, by reason of its beautiful harbour, became the chief port of the island and the resi- dence of the royal family, as commerce and .intercourse with shipping began to develope, my father obtained commanding influence over the sovereign and chiefs. Kind in disposition, affable in manners, ever anxious to benefit the land of his adoption, (perhaps it may be charged upon me that I speak with filial partiality,) my father inevitably, indeed nolens volens “like it or not”, became a sort of Queen’s counsellor; and at the solicitation of Pomare he was at length appointed British Consul by King William IV. William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death in 1837. The third son of George III, William succeeded his elder brother George IV, becoming the last king and penultimate monarch of Britain's House of Hanover. For many long years everything went on smoothly. All the Tahitians, from king to slave, had embraced Christianity; and when, in succession to her royal father, the Princess Aimata became queen under the style of Pomare Vahine I., all bowed in allegiance to the new sovereign, all were of one faith, all were prosperous, contented, and happy under a simple constitutional government, well appointed, and well administered; whilst commerce, in- dustry, and civilization were being rapidly developed. 8 Happy triflers were those Tahitians, without a touch of sadness in their gaiety, with a boisterous humour that de- lighted in punning on words and names, and gave traces of intellectual playfulness, as new objects and new ideas were ex- changed for the old ones of their paganism. Under date of October 5th, 1825, Queen Pomare ventured to address King George IV. in these words:— “Never do you cast us off, but continue to be kind to us, even for ever. If agreeable to you, write us a let- ter, that we may know whether you agree to our wishes.” Pomare Vahine I. To which Mr. Canning replied on the 3rd of March, 1827: “His Majesty com- mands me to say . . . he will be happy to afford to yourself and your domin- ions all such protection as his Majesty can grant to a friendly power at so re- mote a distance from his own kingdoms.” And in proof of these good wishes and implied protection, every British vessel of war that visited the island took out presents from the sovereign of Great Britain to the sovereign of Tahiti. I t was on the 21st of November, 1836, when the little cloud that heralded the storm was first observed. On that day a small schooner, owned and com- manded by one William Hamilton, avoiding the regular port of entry, an- chored at Tautira, on the eastern aspect of Tahiti. Two Roman Catholic priests, Fathers Laval and Caret, and a carpenter lay-brother, landed, and walked from village to village, telling the natives that the English missionar- ies had been teaching them falsehoods; and that in simple compassion for their souls, perishing as they were under a Protestant heresy worse than the old Tahitian paganism, they had now come to teach them the truth. 9 These priests had been some months at Gambier’s Island (Mangarava), where they had acquired the Tahitian lan- guage, and had quickly ousted the Tahitian teachers placed there by the English missionar- ies. When in then peregriina- tions they at length reached Papeete, the capital, the priests were furnished with a copy of the ‘‘Port Regulations,” the fourth article of which ran thus:— “No master or com- mander of a vessel is allowed to land any passenger without a special permission from the Queen and governors.” At the same time, a special messenger from Queen Pomare stated to them that in default of apply- ing for the required permission they could not be allowed to re- main in her dominions. The priests replied, ‘‘On shore we are, and on shore we intend to remain.” After the lapse of several days, the priests, accompanied by Jacques-Antoine Moerenhout, then acting as United States Consul, waited upon the Queen, when each priest tendered her Majesty the sum of thirty dollars, and appealed to the article in the Port Regulations which stated that “No master of a vessel is allowed to put any man (of the crew) on shore without permission, under a penalty of thirty dollars.” The priests al- leged that by voluntarily paying the thirty dollars each they were entitled to remain on shore without formally asking permission, averring that what ap- plied to the crew applied equally to the passengers. The Queen declined to receive their money, and observed that passengers were viewed in a totally different light from the crew, and that hence the two classes were referred to under separate clauses in the Port Regulations. The priests and their friend Moerenhout retired in high dudgeon, when they found the Queen was firm in her adhesion to the literal observance of the laws of the land. After a further delay, the Queen directed a letter to be addressed to the priests, re- minding them that they had not yet complied with the local laws by formally applying for permission to remain in her dominions. 10 This notification being treated with contemptuous silence, another special messenger waited upon them with a ver- bal notification to the same ef- fect, and with the same result. In the meantime these re- peated delays were so much positive gain to the priests, and they made such good use of them that they managed to at- tach to themselves the two or three chiefs who had lately fancied themselves aggrieved by being overlooked or other- wise neglected by the Queen and her government. Seeing that the priests offered a nucleus round which the disaf- fected and turbulent few, found in every state, however narrow its limits, might rally, not that these few loved the priests more than others, but that by ranging themselves on their side, ill-humour was grat- ified, the Queen and her government became really anxious to be rid of the new-comers. As the schooner in which the priests went to Tahiti was bound back to Gam- bier’s Island, whence they had come, and where they had established a mis- sion, the Queen requested them to go on board, and return without further delay or parley. They pointedly declared they would not leave Tahiti, and fell back upon a threat, the frequent and reckless use of which by white men of all nations since this its first enunciation, has made it a by-word among the islanders of the Pacific: the priests would await the arrival of a man-of-war to see them righted; in other words, they would await the arrival of a French war-vessel to extort that permission to reside on Tahiti for which they them- selves would not personally apply, as explicitly directed by law. The schooner was ready to sail, and the master had waited twenty-four hours, but still the priests refused to go on board. As a last resort, to maintain the integrity of her laws, the Queen issued orders to the proper officers to put the refractory priests on board. The orders were duly obeyed, without caus- ing any personal injuries to the parties, or damage to their effects and chat-