1 James A. W. Heffernan Hospitality and Treachery in Western Literature Expanded Index Page numbers in italics indicate figures. Literary characters are parenthetically identified by the author and title of the relevant work, though Proust’s characters are tagged simply as (Proust) and identifications are skipped when they are otherwise obvious, as with Don Juan, tagged (Byron) alone. Biblical characters are tagged (biblical). Abel (biblical), 89, 163 Abraham (biblical): God’s appearance to, 64; hospitality of, 2, 11, 43–49, 61, 335, 344nn2–3, 345n10; Rembrandt’s depictions of, 46, 46–49, 48, 345n9; rewarded for hospitality, 50–51; willingness to sacrifice Isaac, 52, 54 Abraham and the Angels, painting (Rembrandt), 46, 46–47 Abraham Entertaining the Angels, etching (Rembrandt), 47–49, 48 absolute hospitality: in Camus’s “Guest,” 328–29; classical hospitality compared with, 14–15; conditional hospitality contrasted with, 5–6, 286 (see also conditional hospitality); deferral of interrogation in, 18–19, 40, 340n12; definitions of, 2–5, 6, 10, 288, 303–4, 334, 348n38; exclusivity vs., 257–58; jealousy unavoidable in, 288–89, 378n10; limitless sacrifice in, 346n20; romantic hospitality compared with, 150; state surveillance accepted in, 7–9; wife offered to guest in, 288–89, 305–6, 378n8 Ab Urbe Condita (Livy), 61–62 Achaemenides (Virgil, Aeneid), witness to man-eating Cyclops 343n32 Note: here and throughout the index I’ve changed “char” to author and title of the work in which the char appears. But for Proust’s and Dante’s characters I use only (Proust) or (Dante), and I skip this ID when the context makes it clear (as with Don Juan, where Don Juan is hardly needed). Kindly check to make sure that all characters are identified where needed. 2 Achates (Virgil, Aeneid), 25, 29 Achilles (Homer, Iliad), 5–6, 13–14, 17, 40, 203, 343n33 Achilles is a mortal man, not a deity. Ackley, Clifford, 345n9 Adam (biblical), 41, 42, 44–45. See also Genesis Adam (Milton), 41–43, 104, 150, 184, 204, 352n21 Adam (Shakespeare, As You Like It), 146 Adams, Robert A., 364nn32–33 Admetus ( Euripides,Alcestis), 15–16, 340nn5–6 Adonis, deity (Keats, Lamia ), 186 adultery: Leopold Bloom’s view of, 379–80n17; of Blazes Boylan and Molly Bloom, 10, 291–92, 379n16; host’s leading wife into, 287–89, 305–6, 378n8. See also erotic hospitality; seductive hospitality Aegisthus (Homer, Odyssey), **same as Aigisthos? Yes, it should be –sthus throughout., 20–22, 33, 331 Aeneas (Virgil): crime against hospitality, 30; departure from Dido and Carthage, 26–29; Dido’s passion for, 24–25, 32, 141, 143, 170, 193, 333; evoked in later romances, 200–201; freedom circumscribed for, 342n25; heroism of, 203; hospitality denied to, 7; hospitality expected by, 168; Livy on survival of, 61; rational speech of, 342–43nn28–29; spirit of place recognized by, 159; stolen swordbelt as reminder for, 95; struggle to launch kingdom in Italy, 30–33 The Aeneid (Virgil): audience of, 32; in context of Lucretia’s rape, 32–33; eating as sign of hospitality in, 14; Eclogues in, 31–32; ending of, 343n33; evoked in later romances, 200–201; fires pervasive in, 342n22; handclasp and hospitality in, 85, 86; range of host-guest encounters in, 30–31; seductive hospitality and enemies as guests in, 24–30, 141, 143; spirit of place in, 159; Ulysses and Laocoon in, 37–38 3 Aeschere (. Beowulf), 87–88, 89, 90–91, 92 Aeschylus, 20, 60–61. See also Agamemnon Afghanistan War, 331. See also September 11, 2001, attacks; Taliban Agamemnon (Aeschylus), 20, 60–61 good: this is fine with titles of literary works Agamemnon (Homer, Odyssey): intrafamilial betrayal of, 123; invited to feast, 339–40n3; murdered, 6, 20–21, 22, 33; student of, 34–35 Agatha (Beowulf), 224 Agee, James, 372n1 Aigisthus (Homer, Odyssey), 6 Akhtar, Ayad, 12 À la recherche du temps perdu (Proust): context of writing, 282; cruelty and malice in, 261–63, 292, 373n13, 374n17; Dreyfus affair discussion in, 263–71; ephemeral communion in, 281–82; exclusivity in, 257–61, 263–71, 272, 312; hospitality always threatened in, 280–82, 334; hospitality as betrayal in, 10, 252–53; Joyce on, 283, 285, 377n4; Joyce’s hosts and guests’ situations compared with, 292; Mrs Dalloway compared with, 305, 306–7; Queen of Naples as gracious guest in, 280, 281–82, 335, 376n38; on readers’ judgment of characters, 280–81; seductive hospitality in, 255–57, 335; setting of, 285; sound of bell remembered in, 252–53, 281, 336; Swann’s relation to Odette, 254–55; tyranny of hostess in, 271–80; Woolf on, 306, 382n39. See also Proust, Marcel Albany, Duke of (Shakespeare, Lear), 36, 123 Albee, Edward, 12, 88, 300, 334, 339n23, 352n20 Alberigo, Fra (Dante), 9, 79–80, 331 You can also use just Dante for all Dantean characters Albertine (Proust), 258, 275 Alcestis (Euripides), 15–17, 340nn5–6 Alcinous (Homer, Odyssey), 15, 22, 23–24, 146, 335–36 USE (Homer, Odyssey) HERE Alexander I (emperor), 232 4 Algeria: French claims to, 387n88; independence struggle of, 326–30, 386n77 Ali, Muhammad, 341n13 Allecto 31 (Virgil, Aeneid) Allott, Miriam, 363n20 Alshehhi, Marwan, 4 Alter, Robert, 45, 344nn2–3 Amata 31 (Virgil, Aeneid) amatory fiction concept, 365n1. See also seductive hospitality Ambrose (saint), 45, 49, 50 Amelia (Fielding), 365n4 American Civil War (1861–65), 237, 369n40 The American Code of Manners (manual), 12 Amphidamas 13 (Homer, Iliad) Ananias (biblical), 350nn52–53 “Ancestors” (Woolf), 318 Anet, Claude (Rousseau, Confessions), 361–62n2 Angela (Keats, Eve of S. Agnes), 180 animism, 162–64, 361n30. See also spirit of place Anius (Virgil, Aeneid), 30 Anna Karenina (Tolstoy), 250–51, 335 Anning, Miss (Woolf, “Together and Apart”), 319 Antenor (Livy, Ab Urbe Condita), 61 Antigone (Eliot, Middlemarch), 212 Antinous (Homer, Odyssey), 22, 34 anti-Semitism: exclusivity of, 263–71; in Ulysses, 292, 296–99, 302–3 can you also cite the pages on the Dreyfus case in Proust? Antonio (Shakespeare, Much Ado), 146 5 Apemantus (Shakespeare, Timon), 120–21 Apollo (Euripides, Alcestis), 15–16, (Keats, Lamia), 190 Apollonius (Keats, Lamia), 183, 184, 186–88, 189–91, 223 apostles: Stephen Dedalus and, 301–2; Didache of, 76–77; hospitality of and for, 51–52, 73–75, 76. See also Gospels; and specific apostles Arabs and Arab culture: law of hospitality, 13–14, 329, 338n10, 378n8; post-9/11 play, 10, 147, 330–32, 334. See also “The Guest”; Islam Archer, Isabel (James, Portrait of a Lady): betrayed by guests, 10; as imprisoned hostess, 246–47, 371n63; independence and dependence of, 238–39, 240, 245, 249–50, 371n53; Madame Merle as hostess of, 236–37; Osmond’s domination of, 245–48, 371n59; seductive hospitality for, 239–45, 251, 370n51, 371n58, 372n70; social heroism sought by, 237–38 Arendt, Hannah, 338n9 Arete (Homer, Odyssey), 22, 23, 335–36 Argencourt, Monsieur d’ (Proust), 264–65 Aristotle, 342n28 Arpajon, Madame d’ (Proust), 262, 263, 373–74n15 Arthur and Arthurian court: convention of innocence at, 114–15; Green Knight’s games for, 99–100, 102, 106–7, 112–13, 353n26. See also Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Arveragus (Chaucer, Franklin’s Tale), 111–12 Ascanius (Virgil, Aeneid), 25, 28, 193 Ascyltos (Petronius, Satyricon), 35 As You Like It (Shakespeare), 140, 146–47 Athena/Minerva (deity), 341n17 Athene/Mentes (Homer, Odyssey), 7, 14, 295, 4960 Atreus (father or grandfather of Agamemnon), 21, 33 Atta, Mohammed, 4 6 Augustine (saint), 45–46, 165–66, 351n1 Augustus (emperor), 30, 32, 62–63, 342n27, 347–48n33 Aurelius (Chaucer, Franklin’s Tale), 111–12 Aurora Leigh (Browning), 208–9, 237, 366n9 Austen, Jane: marriage proposal to, 219 —WORKS: Mansfield Park, 238. See also Pride and Prejudice Austin, R. G., 342n23, 342n27 B., Mr. (char.), 203 Bal, Mieke, 347n24 Balducci (char.), 326, 327, 328, 386n80 Ballets Russes **Ballets Russes on 283, 271 (corrected), 283 Banquo (Shakespeare, Macbeth), 134, 136, 137–38, 148 Bantling, Mr. (James, Portrait), 251, 369n41 Bard Bracy (Coleridge, Christabel), 174–75, 179 Barnacle, Nora, 289 Barron, W. R. J., 112, 353n30 Battestin, Martin C., 365n4 Baucis and Philemon (Ovid, Metamorphoses) 49, 50 Baym, Nina, 241 Beatrice (Shakespeare, Much Ado), 146 Beaupuy, Michel, 152 Beckett, Samuel, 386n78 Becon, Thomas, 353–54n1 beheading: in Beowulf, 82, 87–88, 90, 99; by Jael, 54–55, 64, 205, 347n22; in Middle Irish tale, 105–6; in Sir Gawain, 99–100, 102–3, 106–7, 112–15 Behn, Aphra, 365n1 7 Beja, Morris, 381–82n35 Bell, Gail, 387n90 Belle Dame (Keats), 170 “La Belle Dame Sans Merci” (Keats), 180–82, 183 La Belle Dame Sans Merci (Chartier), 181, 363nn19–20 Bellow, Saul, 337n8 Be My Guest (Hilton), 339n21 Benedick (Shakespeare, Much Ado), 146 Benedictine hospitality, 77 benign hospitality: in Beowulf, 96, 98; communion as ritual of, 72; concept, 6–7, 23; dark double of, 7, 14, 18, 29, 40, 115, 279, 330, 334; entertainment as (or not), 140–41; for Kitty and Levin, 251; of Phaeacians, 15, 23, 191; in Shakespeare, 146–47 Bennet, Elizabeth (Austen, Pride and Prejudice): Isabel Archer compared with, 239, 240; Bingley’s hospitality for, 214, 218; Collins’s proposal to, 216–17; Darcy’s hospitality, wealth, and graciousness for, 219–21; Lady Catherine’s attempts to bully, 214–15, 221 Bennet, Jane (Austen, Pride and Projudice): Bingley’s hospitality for, 214, 215, 218; Bingley’s proposal to, 219, 220–21; Collins’s proposal and, 217 Bennet, Lydia (Austen, Pride and Prejudice), 214, 218, 220 Bennet, Mr. (Austen, Pride and Prejudice): Collins’s trespassing on, 215–18; Victor Frankenstein compared with, 222; hospitality of, 213, 218–19, 220–21, 255 Bennet, Mrs. (Austen, Pride and Prejudice): Collins’s trespassing on, 215–18; Victor Frankenstein compared with, 222; hospitality of, 213, 218–19, 220–21, 255, 367n17; interests in Bingley, 214, 367n19; invitations to Bingley, 218–19, 367n20 Benveniste, Emile, 337n6 Beowulf (char.): actions summarized, 92; encounter with Grendel’s mother, 82, 87–91; Gawain compared with, 81–82, 98–99, 100, 101, 114–16, 117; Grendel’s death recounted by, 90, 351n8; handclasp of, 85–87; Heathobards’ treachery predicted by, 8 92–95; heroism of, 103–4; hospitality and last fight of, 96–98; reciprocal obligations for hospitality, 82–85 Beowulf (poem): battle of hands in, 85–87; context of writing, 351n1; monsters as hosts or guests in, 82–85, 87–91; Sir Gawain and the Green Knight compared with, 81–82, 98–99, 100, 101, 114–16, 117; summary, 92 Bergotte (Proust), 373n10 Berma (Proust), 259 Bernhardt, Sarah, 259 Bertilak, Lady (Gawain and Green Knight ): appeal to Gawain, 108–11, 113–14, 141, 170, 306; chivalric code as conceived by, 104, 110–11; flirtations and temptations of, 101–5, 107, 108 Bertilak de Hautdesert, Lord (Gawain and Green Knight): boar beheaded by, 101; games of, 99–110, 111, 112–14, 305–6; Gawain’s sin venialized by, 105–6; revealed as Green Knight, 353n33 Bertram (Woolf, “Summing Up”), 319 betrayal. See Last Supper; treachery Beye, Charles, 341n17, 343n35 Bible. See Didache; New Testament; Old Testament; and specific books of the Bible biblical hospitality: Abraham as exemplar, 2, 11, 43–49, 61, 335, 344nn2–3, 345n10; consort’s story, 55–59; equivocation about, in Didache, 76–77; exclusivity rejected, 64–67, 73–75, 77–78, 348n37; master/servant relationship redefined in, 65–66, 75; Roman hospitality as influence on, 64–65; in Roman period between the Testaments, 59–63; Satan as host and entertainer, 41–43; Sodomites and, 50, 52–54, 345n13; treachery celebrated, 54–55, 346–47n22; treachery’s intersection with, 71–74, 77–78. See also Christ; Christian hospitality; New Testament; Old Testament; and specific books of the Bible Bigg-Wither, Harris (proposes to Jane Austen), 219 9 Bingley, Mr. (Austen, Pride and Prejudice): Mrs. Bennet’s interests in and invitations to, 214, 218–19, 367n19; Collins’s displacement of, 215–16, 218; hospitality of, 214, 215, 218; lack of hospitality of, 213, 367n17; proposal to Jane, 219, 220–21; Pushkin’s characters compared with, 233 bin Laden, Osama, 5, 6, 338n11 Bizet, Jacques, 372n3 Blake, William, 159, 360n19 Bloch (Proust), 264–67, 271 Bloom, Leopold (Joyce, Ulysses): on adultery, 379–80n17; Richard Dalloway compared with, 384n55; hospitality of, 2, 301–5, 306, 336; identified with Christ, 298–300; Judaism of, 296–99; pacifism of, 10, 292, 298; Polyphemic moments for, 292, 293, 296–99; role of, usurped by Blazes Boylan, 10, 291–92, 295–96, 297, 299–301, 379n16; stalking adventure of, 383–84n53; threatened as host, 334 Bloom, Millicent/ Milly (Joyce, Ulysses), 300, 302, 303 Bloom, Molly (Joyce, Ulysses): Blazes Boylan’s usurpation of husband’s role and, 10, 291–92, 295–96, 297, 299–301, 379n16; charity of, 383n52; Stephen Dedalus as child and lover to, 192; Stephen Dedalus’s stay and, 302; former lovers listed, 301, 381n29; name of, 295, 299–300, 380n23; at party, 293 Blow, Nancy (Woolf, Mrs Dalloway), 383n51 Bolchazy, Ladislaus J., 60–63, 347nn26, 28, 31 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 197, 198, 199, 209, 359n14, 364n32 Booth, Wayne, 347n23 The Borderers (Wordsworth), 149, 155–56 Botanic Garden (Darwin), 366n9 Bourgh, Catherine de (Austen, Pride and Prejudice), 214–15, 217, 218, 221 Bowman, Richard G., 59 10 Boylan, Blazes (Joyce, Ulysses): Leopold Bloom’s tolerance of, 306; husband’s role usurped by, 10, 291–92, 295–96, 297, 299–301, 379n16; letter from, 380n23; Molly and Leopold’s meeting of, 379–80n17; as Molly’s only lover, 381n29 Bradshaw, Lady (Woolf, Mrs Dalloway), 310, 320, 385nn63, 67, 74 Bradshaw, William (Woolf, Mrs Dalloway), 310, 320, 321, 385nn63, 67 Brawne, Fanny, 180, 363n20 Bréauté, Monsieur de (Proust), 270 Breca (Beowulf), 84, 85 Brichot (Proust), 274, 275, 278, 376n37 Bridgewater, Countess of, 354n7 Brierly (Woolf, Mrs Dalloway), 315, 316, 383n51 Brinsley, Bob (Woolf, “The Introduction”), 318, 319Briscoe, Lily (Woolf, To the Lighthouse), 311, 382n37 Broad Church Protestantism, 158–59 Brontë, Bramwell, 368n26 Brontë, Emily. See Wuthering Heights Brook, Peter, 356n18 Brown, Charles, 363n21 Browner, Jesse, 387n89 Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 203, 208–9, 237, 366n9 Bruton, Millicent (Woolf, Mrs Dalloway): Clarissa’s view of, 310, 320; luncheon of, 308–9, 311; party invitation to, 383n47 Brutus (Livy, Urbe Condita), 32 Budgen, Frank, 305, 381n28 Bunyan, John, 204–5, 206 Burgundy, Duke of (Shakespeare, Lear), 123 Burke, Edmund, 201, 365n37