HOMA VARIATIONS OXFORD RITUAL STUDIES Series Editors Ronald Grimes, Ritual Studies International Ute Hüsken, University of Oslo Barry Stephenson, Memorial University THE PROBLEM OF RITUAL EFFICACY Edited by William S. Sax, Johannes Quack, and Jan Weinhold PERFORMING THE REFORMATION Public Ritual in the City of Luther Barry Stephenson RITUAL, MEDIA, AND CONFLICT Edited by Ronald L. Grimes, Ute Hüsken, Udo Simon, and Eric Venbrux KNOWING BODY, MOVING MIND Ritualizing and Learning at Two Buddhist Centers Patricia Q. Campbell SUBVERSIVE SPIRITUALITIES How Rituals Enact the World Frédérique Apffel-Marglin NEGOTIATING RITES Edited by Ute Hüsken and Frank Neubert THE DANCING DEAD Ritual and Religion among the Kapsiki/Higi of North Cameroon and Northeastern Nigeria Walter E. A. van Beek LOOKING FOR MARY MAGDALENE Alternative Pilgrimage and Ritual Creativity at Catholic Shrines in France Anna Fedele THE DYSFUNCTION OF RITUAL IN EARLY CONFUCIANISM Michael David Kaulana Ing A DIFFERENT MEDICINE Postcolonial Healing in the Native American Church Joseph D. Calabrese NARRATIVES OF SORROW AND DIGNITY Japanese Women, Pregnancy Loss, and Modern Rituals of Grieving Bardwell L. Smith MAKING THINGS BETTER A Workbook on Ritual, Cultural Values, and Environmental Behavior A. David Napier AYAHUASCA SHAMANISM IN THE AMAZON AND BEYOND Edited by Beatriz Caiuby Labate and Clancy Cavnar HOMA VARIATIONS The Study of Ritual Change across the Longue Durée Edited by Richard K. Payne and Michael Witzel Homa Variations THE STUDY OF RITUAL CHANGE ACROSS THE LONGUE DURÉE Edited by Richard K. Payne and Michael Witzel Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America © Oxford University Press 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file at the Library of Congress. ISBN 978–0–19–935158–9 eISBN 978–0–19–049376–9 To my daughter, Alise Spinella, who accompanied me on our journey of discovery to Japan — Richard K. Payne Contents Preface Acknowledgments Contributors Introduction Richard K. Payne SYMBOLIC AND COMPARATIVE STUDIES The Ritual Interplay of Fire and Water in Hindu and Buddhist Tantras Holly Grether Buddhist Permutations and Symbolism of Fire Tadeusz Skorupski The Structure of Japanese Buddhist Homa Musashi Tachikawa TEXTUAL STUDIES The Vedic Homa and the Standardization of Hindu Pūjā Timothy Lubin Oblation, Non-conception, and Body: Systems of Psychosomatic Fire Oblation in Esoteric Buddhism in Medieval South Asia Tsunehiko Sugiki The Three Types of Fire Sacrifice According to Kāṇha’s Śrīcakrasaṃvara- homavidhi David B. Gray Fire Rituals by the Queen of Siddhas: The Aparimitāyur-homa-vidhi-nāma in the Tengyur Georgios T. Halkias Homa Rituals in the Indian Kālacakra-tantra Tradition Vesna A. Wallace Ritual Subjects: Homa in Chinese Translations and Manuals from the Sixth through Eighth Centuries Charles D. Orzech DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES Newar Buddhist Homa Ritual Traditions Todd Lewis and Naresh Bajrachrya The Navarātra Homa: Liver, Enchantment, and Engendering the Divine Śaktis Nawaraj Chaulagain Fire on the Mountain: The Shugendō Saitō Goma Richard K. Payne Agnihotra Rituals in Nepal Michael Witzel INDEX