L. Thomas Schar HISTORY OF WESTCHESTER COUNTY, NEW YORK, INCLUDING MORRISANIA, KINGS BRIDGE, AND WEST FARMS, WHICH HAVE BEEN Annexed TO NEW YORK CITY. BY J. THOMAS SCHARF, A. M., LL. D. Author -History of Maryland," “Chronicles of Baltimore," "Historyof Baltimore City and County," “History of St. Louis City and County," “Historyofthe CityofPhiladelphia, Pa.,"etc., etc. Corresponding Member ofthe HistoricalSocieties ofNew York, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Virginia,Georgia, South Carolina, Historie and Genea logical Society ofNew England, Philosphical Society ofOhio, etc., etc. ASSISTED BY A STAFF OF CAREFULLY SELECTED EXPERTS IN EVERY DEPARTMENT. IN TWO VOLUMES, ILLUSTRATED. VOL. I. Parti PHILADELPHIA: L. E. PRESTON & CO. 1886. 3D . NO. Copyright,1886, By L. E. PRESTON & Co. All Rights Reserved. FENOX LIBRA GHY2O2R K / PRESS OF JAS. B. RODGERS PRINTING COMPANY, PIIILADELPHIA. PREFACE . In presenting this “ HISTORY OF WESTCHESTER COUNTY ” to the public, the Editor believes, no apology is necessary. It is a new and trustworthy history of the county, founded upon the best authorities, and the most authentic documents and authoritative records. In no sense of the word is it built up out of, or repeated from , any previous one on the same subject, or any of its branches. The plan of the work is to a large extent novel—the grouping of so many representative writers, to tell so interesting a story as that of th origin, career and significance of Westchester County, has no parallel in the history of any other county in the United States. To present the principal historical phases of the several towns, and the county's life and development, together with the traces of previous occupation and the natural history of the county, the various chapters were assigned to writers, most of them well known in their respective spheres, and some of them of national reputation, who, from study and association, were in a measure identified with their subjects. Their treatment of these topics is such that what they have written may be taken as the best comprehensive expression of existing knowledge, put together with that authority which comes from special study. In the diversity of authors there will, of course, be variety of opinions, and it has not been thought ill-judged, considering the different points of view assumed by the various writers, that the same events should be interpreted sometimes in varying, and perhaps opposite, ways. The chapters may thus make good the poet's description- “ Distinct as the billows, yet one as the sea," — and may not be the worse for each offering a reflection, according to its turn to the light, without marring the unity of the general expanse. The Editor has endeavored to prevent any unnecessary repetitions, and to provide against serious omissions of what might naturally be expected in a history of its kind. In more than one instance he has been constrained by his deference to local authority upon strictly local subjects, and by yielding to the testimony of experts in matters which they alone are supposed to know thoroughly, to hold back his own judgment in regard to certain subjects, and permit the local writer and the expert to tell the whole story their own way. The result has sometimes been clash, confusion and contradiction ; for there is nothing about which local authorities and experts differ so much among themselves as those particular events and things in regard to which they collectively consider it the height of presumption for "outsiders” to disagree with them. Where the subject happened to be one of moment and importance, the author has cut the Gordian knot and stated things to suit himself; but in indifferent or trivial concerns he has simply stood aside and let each writer give his own version. Some space has been given to biographical sketches of leading and representative men, living and dead, who have borne an active part in the various enterprises of life, and who have become PREFACE. closely identified with the history of the county. The achievements of the living must not be forgotten, nor must the memories of those who have passed away be allowed to perish. It is the imperative duty of the historian to chronicle the public and private efforts to advance the great interests of society. Their deeds are to be recorded for the benefit of those who follow them , they, in fact, form part of the history of their communities, and their successful lives add to the glory of the county. The Editor would be unjust to himself and the county whose history he has compiled, if he did not acknowledge, with feelings of profound gratitude,the cordial aid extended to him and his undertaking by the respective writers and by the people of Westchester County. They have given him the fullest encouragement throughout, and have helped him materially in elaborating and perfecting the work. Important and valuable assistance and information have been received from the following persons, to whom also particular recognition is due:- James Wood, Franklin Crouch, Rev. David Cole, D.D., Rev. John A. Todd, Thomas C. Cornell, Joseph Barrett, Frederick Whittaker and Josiah S. Mitchell. The scope and method of this history of Westchester County,is best understood by the table of contents, and the names of the writers annexed. It is sufficient to demonstrate the broad taste and judiciousness of selection on the part of the Editor. Without their indispensable aid and invaluable stores of material on the history of this interesting county, which they have been diligently collecting for years past, it would have been impossible to present this history in the satisfactory shape it now assumes. To the publishers of this history,the Editor on behalf of himself and his collaborators, must gratefully pay the meed, thrice deserved, of most hearty and effective co-operation with him and them throughout the undertaking. They have most liberally met every desire of the writers in respect of letter-press and engravings of portraits, views, maps and other illustrations; they have spared no expense or effort to make the mechanical execution of the volumes equal to the sub ject, and to the Editor's ambition, and they have helped him in every difficulty and sought to remove every obstruction from his path while the work was in progress. To the subscribers of the work, who, by consenting to take it unseen on the Editor's own recommendation and the strength of his and the publisher's reputation, have secured its successful completion and publication, the Editor renders his most grateful thanks, with the earnest hope that nothing in the volumes and nothing omitted from them may cause them to regret their confidence and their liberality. J. THOMAS SCHARF. BALTIMORE, July 6, 1886. CONTENTS OF VOLUME I. CHAPTER 1. CHAPTER V. PAGE. PAGE. TOPOGRAPHY, BOUNDARIES AND GE THE COLONIAL PERIOD, 1683–1774, . 161-177 OLOGY, . . 1-9 By Rev. WILLIAM S. COFFEY, A.M. BY J. THOMAS SCHARF, A.M.,LL.D. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER II. WESTCHESTER -COUNTY, NEW-YORK, THEINDIANSOFWESTCHESTERCOUNTY, 9–20 DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLU BY JAMES WOOD. TION... 177-457 CHAPTER III. BYHENRY B. Dawson. THE DISCOVERY AND SETTLEMENT OF CHAPTER VII. WESTCHESTER COUNTY,. . 20-31 EARLY MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE BY JAMES Wood. PEOPLEOFWESTCHESTER COUNTY, 457–472; CHAPTER IV. BY J. THOMAS SCHARF, A.M.,LL.D. THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF MANORS CHAPTER VIII. IN NEW YORK, AND IN THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER, . 31-160a GENERALHISTORY FROM 1783 to1860, 473-490 PARTS: 1. TheIndianOwnersofNewNetherlandandofWestchester. By Rev. WILLIAMS. COFFEY, A.M. 2. HowtheIndianTitlevestedsuccessivelyintheDutchWest IndiaCompany,theBritishCrown,andtheIndependent Stateof New York. 3. TheDutchinNewNetherland. CHAPTER IX. 4. TheColonizationbytheWestIndiaCompany. 5. TheNatureoftheDutchSystem ofGovernmentandLaw, establishedinNowNetherland,andofthePatroonships. THE IVIL WAR FROM 1860 to 1866, 490– 6. ThePatroonshipofColen-Donck. 7. TheCaptureofNewNetherland from theDutch, and the By CAPT. FREDERICK WHITTAKER. CreationoftheEnglish ProvinceofNewYork.' 8. TheEnglishSystem in theProvinceofNewYorkunderthe DukeofYorkasLordProprietor. %. TheManors in New York,what theywere not,and what CHAPTER X. they were. 10. TheFranchises,Privileges,andIncidents,ofManorsinthe Province of New York, and in the County of West WESTCHESTER COUNTY AT THE PRES chester,andtheParishesinthelatter. 11. The Church of England ParochialOrganization in West ENT DAY,. . 516-525 chesterCounty,anditsRelationstotheManors. .-12.TheManorsandtheCountyintheirMutualRelations,and BY J. THOMASSCHARF, A.M.,LL.D. theOriginandFormationofthelatter. 13. The Manor of Cortlandt, its Origin, Special Franchises, aDinvdisTioopn,ogFriarspthyLordandhisFamily, ParticularHistory, CHAPTER XI. 14. TheManorofScarsdale,its Origin,Local History,Adjoin ingPatents, its First Lord and His Family, Division, THE BENCH AND BAR, . 526-568 and Topography. By EDWARD FLOYD DE LANCEY. By Hox. IsaacN. MILLS, vi CONTENTS. CHAPTER XVIII. CHAPTER XII. PAGE. PAGE. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION, . 568–598 WHITE PLAINS,. . 714-744 BY JOSIAHS. MITCHELL. BY GEORGE JACKSON FISHER,M.D. CHAPTER XIX. CHAPTER XIII. THE LITERARY MEN AND LITERA KINGS' BRIDGE, 744–768 TURE OF WESTCHESTER COUNTY, . 598–639 BY THOMAS H. EDSALL. BY J. THOMAS SCHARF, A.M.,LL.D. CHAPTER XX. CHAPTER XIV. WESTCHESTER Town, . 768-822 BY FORDHAN MORRIS. THE CIVIL HISTORY, 639-657 BY REY. WILLIAM J. CUMMING. CHAPTER XXI. CHAPTER XV. MORRISANIA,... 822-836 SCARSDALE, 657-685 By FORDHAM MORRIS. BY ALLEN M.BUTLER, M,D. CHAPTER XXII. CHAPTER XVI. WEST FARMS,.. 836-846 NEW ROCHELLE, 685-701 BY FORDHAM MORRIS. BY REV. CHARLES E. LINDSLEY, D.D. CHAPTER XXIII. CHAPTER XVII. PELHAM,.. 701-714 MAMARONECK, . 846-888 BY REV. CHARLESE. LINDSLEY, D.D. BY EDWARD FLOYD DE LANCEY. ILLUSTRATIONS. VOLUME I. Onoroppositepage Onoroppositepage AutographsofSupervisors. . 474 Ewen,John,Portrait of.. , 767 Bailey,N.P.,Residence of. 754 Faneuil, Peter,Portrait of 711 Baird,CharlesW.,Portraitof. 620 Fellows,E.B.,Portraitof. 842 Banta,Mathias,Portraitof. 563 Ferguson,Geo.,Portrait of 700 Bartlett,W.H.C.,Portraitof. 622 Fireships,TheAmerican 391 Bathgate,James,Portraitof 592 Fisher, G.J.,Portrait of.. 581 Beach,W.A., Portraitof. 559 Fisher,G.J.,Autograph of 581 Beal,W.R.,Portrait of.. 834 Fitch'sFirstSteamboat. 470 Bixby,S. M., Portrait of 832 Flagg,LeviW.,Portraitof 587 BlueBellTavern. . 4723 Flying-Machine, The.. 472 Brewster,JosephB., Portraitof. 701 FortWashington, 1886. 617 Brown,Nehemiah,Portraitof. 528 Fountain, Hosea, Portraitof. 585 Butler,AllenM.,Autographof 684 Fountain,James,Portrait of 577 Camp,HughN.,Portraitof. 835 Fox,WilliamW.,Portraitof.. 845 Carpenter,Jonathan,Residenceof. 698 Fuller,Mrs.J.M.,Residenceof. 682 Carpenter,Jonathan,Portraitof. 699 Franklin, Benjamin, Portraitof 171 Carpenter,W,J.,Portraitof.. 598 Franklin'sCream Pot.. 641 Cauldwell,William,Portraitof. 624 Garth,D.J.,Residence of. 681 Cheese-Press,Primitive 472a Gedney, Bartholomew,Portrait of. 743 Church,OldDutch,atFordham. 620 Gedney, Bartholomew, Residenceof 743 "Clermont," TheSteamer. 471 Gifford,SilasD., Portraitof. 532 Cobbling-stone... 8 Goodridge, Frederic,Residence of 759 Coffey, WilliamSamuel,Autographof. 177, 490 Graystone,Residence ofS.J.Tilden 554, 555 Coffey,William Samuel, Portraitof 634 Griswold,R.B., Portrait of. 597 Coffin,OwenT.,Portraitof 550 | Guiou, Place,View of.... 685 Cole,David,Portraitof. 630 Haerlem,Viewof, from Morrisania, 1765. 394 Colgate, Robert,Portrait of 766 Hague,William, Autographof. 713 Colgate,Robert,Residence of 766 Hall, H. B.,Portrait of, 836 ContinentalCurrency.. 472f Hall,Ernest,Portraitof., 562 Cooper,J. Fenimore,Portrait of 609 Hand,N.H., Residence of 740 Cornell, Benjamin,Portrait of.. 675 Hand,N.H., Portraitof.. Cornell llomestead, ResidenceofR.C.Cornell 698 Hasbrouck,Joseph,Portraitof 587 Court-House,WestchesterCounty,1886. 729 Hasbrouck,Stephen,Portraitof. 586 Curaming,W. J., Autograph of 657 Haskin, John B., Portrait of... 561 Curry,Rev.Daniel, Portraitof. 621 Havemeyer, F.C.,Portraitof. 818 Cromwell,C.T.,Portrait of 552 HeadCostumes. 462,463 Cromwell,C.T.,Residence of 552 HeadDress,1776. 464 Cromwell,David,Portrait of 740 HeathcoteHill,Viewof. 854 Dawson,HenryB., Portraitof . 612 Heathcote,Caleb,Portraitof 162 DeLancey,EdwardF., Autographof 888 Hoe, R.M., Portraitof... 833 DeLancey, RightRev.WilliamH.,Portraitof, 867 Hoffman,A.K., Portraitof. 588 Depew,ChaunceyM., Portrait of. 557 House in whichPoewrote“ The Raven" 618 DeVries, David Pietersen 35 Hudson, Henry, Portrait of.. 21 Dickel,C.W.,Residenceof. 664 HuguenotHouse,old . 691 Disbrow House.. 856 HuguenotStreet,NewRochelle, 1798 686 Doctor ofOldenTime. 468 Huntington,C.P., Portraitof. 820 Drake,JosephR.,Portraitof 616 HuntingtonHomestead, Viewsat. 822 Dyckman,IsaacM.,Portraitof 765 Huntington Homestead.. 821 Dyckman,IsaacM.,Residence of 766 Huntington,H.K.,Portrait of.. 595 Dyckman,J.O.,Portraitof. 534 Indian chief. 32 Dyckman,JohnH.,Portraitof 765 Indianfamily. 33 Dyckman,WilliamN.,Portraitof. 764 Indian fort... 34 Edsall,ThomasH.,Autographof. 761 Indian relicsandspecimens. 14,15, 16 Erans, Oliver.. 469 Irving,Washington,Portraitof, 610 Evans* SteamCarriage. 470 Jay,JohnC., Portraitof . 582 Evans,w.w .,Portrait of.. 699 Johnson, IsaacG.,Portraitof 768 Evans,W. W.,Residenceof. 699 Johnson,S.W., Portraitof.. 564 vii viii ILLUSTRATIONS. Onoroppositepage Onoroppositepage Johnson& Co.'sWorks. 769 Popham, L.C.,Residenceof. 680 Larkin,Francis,Portrait of. 558 Popham,W.H., Portrait of. 673 Lester,Simeon,Portraitof 698 Popham,W.H.,Residence of 672 Lester,Simeon,Residence of.. 698 Popham, W.S., Portrait of 672 Lewis,JosephH.,Residence of 734 Purdy,SamuelM.,Portraitof. 558 Lindsley,CharlesE.,Portraitof. 694 Putnam, A.E., Residence of . 758 Lovatt,E.T., Portraitof. 568 Reinfelder, M.I.,Portraitof 596 Macomb'sDam,1850 . 758 Reynal,J.,Residence of... 724 Map,AttackonFort Washington. 790 Robertson, W.H., Portrait of 530 Map,boundarylinesbetweenNewYorkand Connecticut 3 Sands, D.Jerome,Portraitof. 590 Map,CortlandtManor 140 Scharf, Autographof, 9 Map,Carpenter's,ofWhitePlains. 718 Scharf, J.Thomas,Portraitof Frontispiece. Map, Frog'sNecktoCrotonRiver 415 Schmid,H. Ernest,Portraitof 588 Map,Geological,ofcounty... 6 Scribner,G.Hilton,Portraitof 565 Map,Historical, ofKing'sBridge. Scribner,JamesW.,Portrait of. 593 Map, ManorsofWestchesterCounty 30 Scrugham,WilliamW., Portrait of 545 Map,ManorofPhillipsburg. 161 Secor,Francis, Portrait of.. 678 Map,Manor ofScarsdale 141 Smith,Chauncey,Portraitof. 567 MapofMamaroneck . Sym-849 Smith,J. Malcom, Portraitof. 560 Map,Outline, ofcounty. 1 Sone, L,V.,Residence of 722 MapofBroncksland 769 Stagewagon . 173 MapofBronxNeck.. 780 Stamp, British 176 MapofFordhamandtheMeadows 775 Stocks,The 472h Map, RoadsaboutWhitePlains.. 732 St. Thomas'Church(old). 873 Map,Sauthier's,publishedbyFaden 403 St.Tbomas' Church(new). 874 Map,WhitePlains,1721... 720 Stuyvesant,Peter, Portraitof 24 Map,WhitePlains,1776 727 Sully,Thomas 465 Mapes,Daniel,Portraitof. 841 Swift,Samuel,Portrait of. 594 Mills, IsaacN.,Autographof. 550 Swinburne,John,Portrait of. 606 Mitchell,Josiah S.,Autograph of. 740 TeaService,Old Style.. 459 Morris,A.Newbold, Portrait of 829 Tilden,S.J., Portraitof. 554 Morris,Fordham,Autographof . 817 Tilford,J.M.,Portrait of.. 742 Morris,Gouverneur,Portrait of. 603 Tilford,J.M.,Residence of. 742 Morris,James,Portrait of.. 827 Tompkins,DanielD.,Portraitof.. 671 Morris, Lewis, Portraitof. 826 Truman, NormanK., Portraitof 591 Morris,L.G., Portraitof. 829 VanCortlandt,A., Portrait of.. 762 Morris,L.G., ResidenceandViewsat 830 VanCortlandt Manor-House, King's Bridge. 764 Morris,W.H.,Residenceof.. 826 Van Rensselaer,W. P., Residence of.. 553 Morris, W. H.,Portrait of 828 VanRensselaer,W. P.,Portraitof.. 553 MortarandPestle... 13 VanWyck,P.C., Portraitof.. 595 Mott,JordanL.,Portraitof. 831 Varian, William A.,Portrait of. 584 Mt.St. Vincent,Academyof. 760 Washington'sHeadquarters,WhitePlains 728 Nordquist,C.J.,Portraitof. 589 WhitePlains,1855 . . 730 Oliffe,W.M.,Portraitof 744 Whittaker, Frederick,Autograph of 515 Old Clock... 460 Wilkins,Isaac,Portraitof.. 601 Paine,Thomas, Houseof 690 Williams, IsaiahT.,Portraitof 548 Paine,Thomas,Monumentof. 689 Wells,James L.,Portrait of 843 Paine,Thomas,Portraitof. 602 Wood,James,Autograph of. 20, 31 Peale,C.W. 466 Wright,Green,Portrait of 679 Pillory,The 472i Yonkers, Viewof. 518 Poe'sHomeatFordham. 619 Young,JohnW.,Portrait of 742 Popham,LewisC., Portrait of. 674 OUTLINE MAP WESTCIIES TER CO. NEW YORK Showing relative position of Towns Prepared for Scharf's Historyof Westchester County L O Cottage NGHIEMSPLSTEAD , HARROR | ve PO Pack --Milton | Harris P.O. 0 IBeNnSSeck RyeNeck MWAAMRABROONRECK LAaIbase AvGLerrand Saanaronee N D RS MAMARONECK G A C S Petersille SDA Chatsworth NEN NEW ROCHELLE (ROCHELL New Rochelle CHTISLAND 1 UtsRCpoarrGtsdHaleP.ROi.veErTacAkahSoeTPo CH PELHMPeAolhMraUNmT PELHSAcMhuByAlYerville sLA Breville ND Ashfordi EastChester WestChester IYONKERS ,WEST CISTER DEgoebrbys!Hastimga CROTON Yakers Wakebeb AQUOElDiUnCvilWleestIdBreoaUosmxodnalpeonteSBIKERS dbanMdaris001 WARDS N J E S R E GOVERNORS JERSEYCIT