The Project Gutenberg EBook of History of the Second Massachusetts Battery (Nims' Battery) of Light Artillery, 1861-1865, by Caroline E. Whitcomb This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. Title: History of the Second Massachusetts Battery (Nims' Battery) of Light Artillery, 1861-1865 Author: Caroline E. Whitcomb Release Date: December 24, 2018 [EBook #58531] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SECOND MASSACHUSETTS BATTERY *** Produced by David King and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net. (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive.) Footnotes have been collected at the end of the text, and are linked for ease of reference. History of the Second Massachusetts Battery (Nims' Battery) of Light Artillery Portrait of Capt. Nims Capt. Ormand F. Nims in War Time. HISTORY OF THE SECOND MASSACHUSETTS BATTERY (NIMS' BATTERY) OF LIGHT ARTILLERY 1861-1865 COMPILED FROM RECORDS OF THE REBELLION, OFFICIAL REPORTS, DIARIES AND ROSTERS By CAROLINE E. WHITCOMB THE RUMFORD PRESS CONCORD, NEW HAMPSHIRE 1912 CONTENTS NIMS' SECOND MASSACHUSETTS BATTERY 7 NIMS' BATTERY ASSOCIATION 73 LIFE OF COL. ORMAND F. NIMS 79 ROSTER OF SECOND MASSACHUSETTS BATTERY 85 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Capt. Ormand F. Nims in War time Frontispiece Battery Encampment at Stewart's Place, Baltimore, 1861 12 Landing of Federal Troops from Transport, Laurel Hill 38 Second, Fourth, and Sixth Massachusetts Batteries at Baton Rouge 47 Col. Ormand F. Nims 73 Old Nims Homestead at Deerfield, Mass. 79 PREFACE During the years which have followed the close of the Civil War, there have appeared many histories of various companies, regiments and different divisions of the volunteer troops, all of value both to the historian and to the participants in the great struggle. So far as can be learned, almost nothing has been published of the military history of the 2d Massachusetts Light Artillery, better known as Nims' Battery, save a few short sketches necessarily incomplete and sometimes inaccurate. In 1870, at the Anniversary Dinner of the Nims' Battery Association, the matter of "publishing a history of the battery during its service throughout the war of the Rebellion, 1861-1865," was brought forward and a committee was appointed to take the necessary steps toward this work. The committee, which consisted of Col. O. F. Nims, J. S. Knowlton, John R. Smith, A. M. Norcross, D. M. Hammond and A. B. Burwell, issued a call to the members of the battery asking each one to forward to the committee any information in his possession such as diaries, letters, newspaper clippings or matter of any kind that might aid in the work, and urging the hearty coöperation of all "to the end that the glorious record made by Nims' Battery—second to no other—may not be suffered to perish in oblivion in our day and generation, but be handed down to our children and children's children for all time." So far as can be ascertained, nothing further was done in the matter and the only records to be found are those incorporated in the general histories of the war or in war records, which are not always easy of access. At the request and through the generosity of a member of the Nims' Family Association, the writer has prepared the following brief account of the military career of Nims' Battery, together with the life of its commander, the history of the Battery Association and the complete roster. After a period of fifty years, it has been impossible to gather together the personal reminiscences and to bring before our readers the life of an artillery man as clearly as we could wish. We trust, however, that there will be found in the pages of this book a fairly complete and reasonably accurate record of the military career of this organization. At a meeting of the Nims' Battery Association held on April 19, 1912, the manuscript of the entire history was read to the members present and received their support and commendation. The author wishes to express her obligation to all who have assisted in any way in the preparation of this work, and especially to W. G. Hidden, Fitchburg, Mass., for the loan of diary, newspaper clippings and suggestions, to Capt. E. K. Russell for his comments and suggestions and to Mrs. Mathews, stepdaughter of Col. O. F. Nims for the loan of papers, letters and pictures once the property of Colonel Nims. Thanks are also due Clarence K. Knowlton for the copy of the diary of his father, J. S. Knowlton, to Mrs. C. B. Maxwell for the diary of C. B. Maxwell, to Mr. George Houghton, Newport, for the diary of his father, George Houghton. The expense of the preparation and publication of the book has been borne to a large degree by Mr. E. D. Nims of Kansas City whose generosity is appreciated both by members of the Battery and by the Nims' Family Association. The Author. Books Consulted in Preparation of this Work War of the Rebellion, Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Massachusetts in the Civil War. I. L. Bowen. History of the Civil War. B. J. Lossing. Putnam's Record of the Rebellion. Moore. Century Company's War Book. The Mississippi. J. V. Greene. The Nineteenth Army Corps. Irwin. Regimental and Battery Histories of New Hampshire and Massachusetts. Battery Camp Camp of the Massachusetts Second Company Light Artillery, at Stewarts Place, Baltimore NIMS' SECOND MASSACHUSETTS BATTERY Few batteries during the Civil War saw more actual service than that known officially as the 2d Massachusetts Light Artillery, but more generally called Nims' Battery. Its career is well worth recording and the part it played in the campaigns of the Department of the Mississippi and the Gulf was by no means inconsiderable in the history of the war. Previous to 1861, there existed in Boston a military organization called the Boston Light Artillery or Cook's Battery. When the news came from Baltimore that the Sixth Regiment had been fired on and the city was in the hands of rioters, General Butler who was then in Philadelphia, asked that this organization be sent forward immediately to the scene. It was midnight of April 19, 1861, when the telegraph brought the request: before the night of the 20th everything was in readiness and in the early morning of the 21st the first battery from Massachusetts was on its way to Baltimore for a period of three months' service. It had not left Boston, however, before Governor Andrews gave orders for the formation of a second battery and designated Major Moses Cobb as its commander. Recruiting headquarters were opened on the 20th of April at the Boston Light Artillery Armory under Major O. F. Nims, and in less than two days two hundred men applied for enlistment. "Every member, officers and men, was the greenest of raw material, but they were an intelligent set of fellows and took to drilling as a duck to water." Colonel Nims. Most of the men were from Boston and vicinity. The first public appearance of the battery was on June 17, when a parade was held on Boston Common, and on July 4 a detachment fired a salute at morning, noon and night from the same historic spot. On July 5 the battery was ordered to the camp of instruction at Wollaston Heights, Quincy, on what was known as the Adams estate, which consequently gave to the camp the name of Camp Adams. Here for a month, the men were drilled in all the movements from the position of a soldier to battery drill in the field and also as infantry and cavalry. Target practise, too, was introduced and for that purpose targets were placed at several points with reference to distance and correctness in shooting. These afforded an excellent opportunity for the men to become familiar with their guns. On the 31st of July, the command was mustered into the United States service under the name of the 2d Massachusetts Light Artillery, and from the same date the officers were commissioned. This was the first three years' battery from the state of Massachusetts. It was supposed that Major Cobb would take the battery into service, but he left the state abruptly and Governor Andrews sent Adjutant General Schouler down to camp to ask Major O. F. Nims, an experienced officer, to take command and get to Washington as soon as possible. Nims replied: "I will accept a commission whenever it is tendered me but I will not ask for one." It was then suggested that the company be called on to elect a captain, but this did not meet with Major Nims' approval as he had made up his mind not to owe his position to the men under him. "No," said he, "make me an officer if you will and then ask them what they think of it." He was therefore given the rank of captain, the men were lined up and informed of what had been done. A wild shout of approval was their reply, the men throwing their caps in the air as a further demonstration of their satisfaction. The roster of commissioned officers then was as follows: Captain, Ormand F. Nims. Senior 1st Lieut., John W. Wolcott. Junior 1st Lieut., John Bigelow. Senior 2d Lieut., Geo. G. Trull. Junior 2d Lieut., Richard B. Hall. NON-COMMISSIONED 1st Sergeant, Lowell A. Chamberlain. Quarter Master Sergeant, Alden N. Norcross. Chief of Piece with rank of Sergeant, Frank J. Whitcher, Warren K. Snow, Augustus B. Burwell, Henry P. Cheever, Orlando C. Harvey, Edward K. Russell. Gunners with rank of Corporal, Joseph S. Knowlton, Francis E. Howe, Joseph Ackerman, Wm. W. Jordan, Converse F. Livermore, Joseph W. Greenleaf. Chief of Caisson with rank of Corporal, Henry M. Wadsworth, Frederick A. Bellows, Edwin A. Andrews, Chas. F. Sherman, Lucian A. Hodgdon, S. S. Lincoln. Artificers, C. W. Cobb, H. E. Brown, Seth H. Hatch, Peter Jacobus, Joseph S. Haven, Reuben B. H. Gould. An old artillery officer for many years in the English service visited the camp frequently and said that he never saw better material than the men in Nims' Battery. "They have," said he, "intelligence and will, and a very few months of active service will find them in the front rank of merit in their class." Boston Journal, August 8, 1861. Preparations were made to break camp August 7, but owing to an accident which befell the machinery of the steamer which was to convey the battery to New York it was necessary to wait until the following day. A quotation from a Boston paper dated August 8, 1861, is as follows: "The Light Artillery Company commanded by Capt. O. F. Nims, after some delay as to their departure, left this city this morning, shortly after one o'clock, on the Providence Railroad, for New York and Washington, via Stonington. They were paid off yesterday afternoon for their time of service up to departure. For two days the scene at the camp at Quincy was lively indeed, the men being actively engaged in packing and preparing for departure. They left the old quarters at shortly after 7 o'clock last evening and marched over the turnpike to this city, arriving at the Providence Railroad Station at a few minutes past 10 o'clock. At the depot were a considerable number of people who had been waiting for several hours for the arrival of the company. "As soon as the battery arrived at the station, the work of loading the gun carriages, wagons, horses, etc., was actively begun, each of the company lending a hand, and the work was accomplished in about two hours. This done, a few moments were given to saying a parting word to friends, after which the men were ordered to 'fall in,' and marched to the cars. On their departure, friends and lookers-on joined in giving three hearty cheers, which were enthusiastically responded to by the members of the company. "On the train were 156 men, 140 horses, and 21 carriages, including the four baggage wagons, well loaded with the camp equipage and baggage of the men. They were supplied with about 1200 rounds of cartridges, including a considerable amount of grape and canister. The men have three days rations with them." At the time of organization, the uniform adopted was of a semi-zouave type, dark blue with red trimmings, the trousers loose to the knee, with russet leather leggins—grey shirt, a cut away jacket buttoned at the top with a loop, and a regular military cap trimmed with red. This made a very attractive uniform. Unfortunately during the stay in Quincy, the salt air took out the color, and before going into service the men were provided with regulation United States uniforms. The guns were fine United States bronze ordnance guns from the Watervliet Arsenal, N. Y., rifled at Alger's Foundry in South Boston and throwing a shell made by Schenkel, a very ingenious German. One kind of shell was in the shape of a sugar loaf with hollowed bore filled with papier-maché and weighing ten and one-half pounds, a pound of powder being used to fire it. When discharged, the papier-maché would swell out, fill the grooves and give the shell a twist. The noise the projectile made on leaving the gun was very similar to that of a locomotive going through a tunnel. When the shell exploded, it flew all to bits —not two or three fragments but forty or fifty pieces. Another shell prepared by Schenkel was exceedingly deadly. It was filled with bullets and between the bullets sulphur was poured in to keep them in place. The horses were strong Vermont horses worth $150.00 to $200.00 each. Boston Journal, February 22, 1903. So the journey began, by rail to Stonington, then by boat to New York, then to Jersey City and over the old Camden and Amboy road to Philadelphia, arriving there Monday morning, August 11, 1861. A quotation from the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin says: "Captain Nims' celebrated Light Artillery consisting of six pieces of rifled cannon, with caissons, ordnance wagons, one ambulance, together with 140 horses arrived at Washington Avenue, at five o'clock. The company consists of 150 men who are strong, hearty fellows just fitted for artillery service. During the delay before starting for Baltimore, the men sang several pieces, among them America and Glory Hallelujah. The Union Volunteer Refreshment Committee provided them with breakfast and the men were loud in their praise of Philadelphia beneficence." On arriving at Baltimore the men went into camp on the estate of the Confederate General J. E. B. Stuart on West Baltimore Street, the camp bearing the name of Camp Hale. Here drill was resumed in earnest, battery, piece and sabre drill and target practise. A letter to the Boston Journal bearing the date August 18, 1861 gives the following picture of camp life. Camp Hale, Baltimore, August 18, 1861. To the Editor of the Boston Journal: We came through Baltimore on the 12th, on our way from Camp Adams to this encampment, which is situated on West Baltimore Street, is a half-mile outside of the city, and in General Stuart's Park, which is a beautiful place for an encampment, though as a park it is pretty well used up. General Stuart is a general in the rebel army, and at this place there were seized five hundred stand of arms. We have plenty of fruit here, but do not eat much. The Baltimoreans use us well and treat us as if we were their own citizens, but this may be owing somewhat to our guns. There are a good many secessionists here, but they keep very quiet and we do not have much to say to them. Coming through Baltimore we enlivened the streets with "Glory Hallelujah," and some savage faces were shown to us, but the sight of our seven-shooters kept them very quiet. We have just returned from bathing, and for this purpose we go within one mile of the Relay House, the roads being lined with thick woods. Houses are very scarce outside of the city, and very old and small, looking like huts. On Saturday we marched to the Pratt Street depot for the purpose of receiving and escorting two of our Massachusetts regiments, but they did not arrive, thus disappointing us and themselves, we have no doubt. The captain has just learned that some arms are stored in Pratt Street, and has ordered our detachment to attend to examining the premises and putting things in order. To do this we take one baggage wagon, one gun, and twenty-five men, each armed with two seven-shooters and sabre, and thus we make easy work of it We like our officers. Our captain is a man in the right place. We all like him, for he looks out for the boys. And we have a fine set of men, are very happily situated and every evening we have camp life in full activity. Our camp is somewhat different from that of a regiment, not having quite such strict orders to conform to, and having no guard duty to perform, that being done by the Fourth Pennsylvania Regiment. We are in excellent health, having had but one sick man since we left Camp Adams. It is probable we shall remain here for the present. Today is Sunday and most of the men are writing home. It is quite warm, but we have had no warmer weather here than we found at home. All letters should be directed to "Camp Hale," Baltimore, care Capt. O. F. Nims, Second Company Massachusetts Artillery. Encamped at Baltimore at the same time was the 17th Massachusetts, and a letter written by a member of that regiment follows: To the Boston Journal, September 5. "Nims' Artillery is at our left hand and a better set of fellows, officers and men were never brought together. May we remain together 'in union and for the Union' is the hearty wish of our officers. Our band goes over to their headquarters twice a week and the enlivening strains cause joy to them and will help to unite the two commands in still stronger fetters than the mere fact that we are all 'Bay State boys.' That is a strong card out here and when we unite in symphony as well as harmony it's a pretty good tune."— The boys won the respect and esteem of the citizens of Baltimore, even of the Southern sympathizers, and on October 16, the loyal citizens of Ward 19 presented to the battery a flag 20 x 35 feet which was mounted on a flag staff 100 feet in height prepared by the men. The Baltimore Clipper gives an account of the event: "Yesterday afternoon, at 4 o'clock, a large flag 26 x 20 feet, was raised to the top of the pole which is 100 feet high, erected by the members of Nims' Boston Battery, at Camp Andrew, West Baltimore Street extended. At the appointed hour the line was formed in the rear of the pole, and the six-rifled cannon placed in front, in a line facing the city. The 17th Massachusetts Regiment then formed a hollow square on the north side, when the Rev. Mr. Marshall, of the Twelfth Presbyterian Church, Franklin Street, by invitation, advanced to the center of the square and offered a most fervent prayer, imploring divine mercies upon this Government. "At a signal given the flag was run to the top of the pole, during which the band of the 17th Massachusetts Regiment struck up the Star Spangled Banner, and at every tap of the bass drum a gun was fired. Three cheers were then given for the Stars and Stripes, which were joined in by the many hundreds present. Upon quiet being restored, the band played Yankee Doodle and Hail Columbia, and at each sound of the bass drum there was a gun fired. This manner of salute, which is very common in Boston, is something new here, and created considerable applause. "After the ceremonies had ended, we were invited to take a stroll through the camp, which we accepted, and were much gratified with our visit. We found the men to be the most gentlemanly and agreeable set of fellows it has been our pleasure to meet for a long time. This battery does all its own work, such as horse-shoeing, harness making, saddling, etc. "From the general appearance of things, it looks as if they intended to quarter there for the winter, although all with whom we conversed seemed anxious to go to the seat of war. Their pieces are all marked No. 2, but this is certainly the 'No. 1' Battery, and is so considered by all who know them, and any person who does not know them to be such, only need witness one of their drills to be convinced of the fact. The flag was a present from the Union men of the 19th Ward." Still another clipping from a Boston newspaper for the truth of which we will not vouch, however, is entitled "None but the Brave deserve the Fair." "We learn by a private letter written by a member of 'Nims' Light Battery' from Baltimore, that its members are a little inclined to make sad havoc with the affections of the young ladies of that city. 'Within the last few weeks three or four marriages have taken place. The "Battery boys" have been in great favor with the Union people ever since their arrival in the city, and by their gentlemanly behavior and good conduct have strengthened their friends' worthy appreciation. Within a fortnight one of them, a young man of Boston, led to the altar a daughter of one of the most respectable and wealthy Union citizens of Baltimore. One of the lieutenants and two privates have also enjoyed the pleasure of married life.'" On the 4th of November the battery, together with the 4th Wisconsin Regiment, Col. H. E. Paine, and an independent company of Pennsylvania cavalry, Captain Richards, started on an expedition down the Chesapeake, landing at Whitehaven, Md., on the Wiacomo River and marching to Princess Ann where they spent the night in the court house. The next day, the march was continued to Snow Hill. On that day, the men experienced some of the minor hardships of a soldier's life, for we read in the diary of George Houghton: "A very hard march in the rain over awful roads of sand and mud and the last two miles the water two feet deep. Some of the infantry gave out as this was their first experience and we took them on our wagons and caissons. After traveling twenty miles we had to go to bed without any supper for the Jersey Blue, the boat carrying our rations, lost its way up the river and was a day late. I slept in the guard tent and most froze to death." Another says: "We were quartered in a negro church but no peace for the weary or hungry there. As our rations had not arrived, we came out minus on the supper question, all the food having been secured for the infantry, who had seen hard marching and wading for a first experience." The day previous to the arrival at Snow Hill had been election day and the vote in the town had stood one majority in favor of secession. After a day or two in the negro church, camp was made in the woods near by in connection with the 4th Wisconsin and the cavalry. Sibley tents were given out and as one of the privates writes home: "They are real nice and comfortable though there is no means for hanging up clothes. We have purchased a camp kettle and are cooking by detachments." The appearance of the country was unfamiliar to our New England boys and one writes: "I've scarcely seen anything that deserves to be called a hillock and the soil is either wet, sandy, or swampy." Quite a change from the rock ribbed hills and mountains of the homeland. However, while critical of soil and landscape, Maryland oysters met with universal approbation. Baked beans too had a familiar taste though sometimes when baked in a Dutch-oven underground the sand found its way in, giving a flavor not approved by Bostonians. The purpose of this Eastern Shore campaign as it was called was to make a demonstration of Union forces in Somerset and Worcester counties, Md., where the feeling was strong for secession and where troops for the Confederacy were being recruited. On November 14, camp was broken at Snow Hill and the battery marched sixteen miles to Newtown, Md., where it joined the larger body of troops under General Lockwood. The whole force now consisted of detachments from the 4th Wisconsin, 21st Indiana, 6th Michigan, 5th New York, 2d Delaware, Pursell's Legion of Maryland, 17th Massachusetts, Richard's Cavalry and the 2d Massachusetts Light Battery all in command of General Lockwood. November 13, General Dix had issued a proclamation[1] to the inhabitants of Accomac and Northampton counties, Virginia, urging them to peace and loyalty. To enforce this proclamation General Lockwood with his brigade left Newtown and went by way of Drummondtown and Belleville to Eastville toward the end of the peninsula. The battery arrived at Drummondtown, November 21. This was Thanksgiving Day and we read, "Poultry very plenty on the way. Bought (?) two turkeys and a goose for our dinner. Grand mistake of Corporal S. in boiling a chicken with a bar of soap." On the way from Drummondtown to Eastville scouting parties were sent out and in these the members of the battery took part capturing seven six-pound guns, several hundred muskets, ammunition, and a brass twelve-pound Howitzer which had been buried in the woods. December 1, a grand review was held by General Lockwood. As it was evident the Confederate forces had left the country and the purpose of the expedition had been accomplished, preparations were made for the return to Baltimore. Accordingly on December 12, the battery again went on board the Pocahontas and returned to its former camp in Baltimore after an absence of forty-seven days during which "the only sanguinary occurrence was the capture and slaughter of turkeys, geese, and other fowls for which severe punishment was meted out by General Lockwood." One of the men in a letter written home at this time writes: "We were amused somewhat at one time on the trip by the astonishment of an old darky who seeing our brigade inquired, 'Has all you genn'men got names?' and while we were waiting several days near the landing for transportation we spent our time out of doors and bathing in the waters of the bay which we thought pretty good for December." On the 18th of December, Lieutenants Wolcott and Bigelow resigned to accept positions in a Maryland battery. Second Lieutenants Trull and Hall were promoted to their positions and the vacancies were filled by the commissioning of William Marland of Andover and Sergeant Warren K. Snow of Boston as second lieutenants. Life at Camp Andrew from December till the following February was uneventful though by no means idle. The men worked hard, drills were held almost daily furnishing perhaps an explanation for the later record of the battery when real warfare began. In regard to this Capt. E. K. Russell writes: "One of the things that won the love of the Union men of Baltimore was the frequent battery drills through the streets of that city. Captain Nims was always in command and the rapid movements of the battery as a whole, in sections, or single guns, stationed at certain points to command all avenues of approach at given points were simply marvellous. Much of the work was done by the bugle and if the bugler was not at hand our captain carried a small one under his arm and this would ring out the commands with a snap so that not only the men took notice but even the horses recognized the calls and jumped into the movements with a will." It is evident that Captain Nims had a high ideal of what a battery should be and spared neither pains nor effort in his endeavor to reach this ideal. "This morning, drill. We jumped ditches, pond holes, anything that could be jumped, ran up banks six or eight feet high and then had a run down street." "Had a foot drill today and it was rough double quick—then the captain gave us instructions on dress parade." "Sabre drill on horseback." "Spent about all day cleaning up harnesses, horses, etc. Captain came around and examined them." And so on day after day. Naturally new conditions of life prevailed and as some one has said "Citizens had to be made into soldiers." The regret manifested by the people of Baltimore when the battery was ordered south speaks well for the conduct and character of its men. Discipline of course was strictly maintained and we are not surprised to read in one diary, "Privates — and — had to walk in barrels eight hours a day for three days"; or "— was threatened with a barrel for missing roll call this morning." But certainly this does not seem like a very heinous offence to the civilian. Letters from home were eagerly welcomed. In one diary opposite the date December 25 we read "Letter from home—good Christmas present that"; and another writes "I don't get my letters so often as I wish I did." Boxes too were gladly received and their contents shared with less fortunate comrades. A quotation from the Boston Journal of February gives a picture of a social event in camp. "The first grand ball of the battery came off at Stewart's Hall, Baltimore, on Monday evening and was a grand success. The floor managers and musicians were all members of the battery. The order of dances consisted of a grand promenade, four quadrilles, some fancy dances and wound up with a 'walk around' by Mr. C. We hope to have our next ball in Boston among our friends." It was expected that the battery would now be attached to the Army of the Potomac but on the organization of Gen. B. F. Butler's expedition, Captain Nims and his men were assigned to the Department of the Gulf and the Mississippi. Accordingly on February 25, 1862 the battery left Baltimore and went by steamer Columbia to Fort Monroe camping near Hampton in view of the mouth of the James River and of Hampton Roads. Here the men witnessed the destruction of the warships Congress and Cumberland by the ram Merrimac and the encounter between the Monitor and the Merrimac. The following interesting account of the same is taken from a record written by S. P. Skilton, a member of the battery. "On the 8th of March at noon we heard heavy firing toward Newport News and the steam frigates Roanoke and Minnesota and quite a lot of gunboats went up that way engaging the battery at Sewall's Point though their fire fell far short of it. The old steam frigate Merrimac had been cut down and iron clad by the Confederates and was whipping our vessels, as they were all wooden ones and could make scarcely any impression on the ironplated monster. After about an hour's hard fighting the Merrimac ran her prow into the Cumberland, causing her to fill with water and rendering her useless. "Commodore Morris would not surrender nor haul down the flag but kept at work at the guns till water covered the decks. Night coming on, the Merrimac anchored off Sewall's Point. That was a dark night for us, as with one exception nothing looked hopeful. We were cut off from help landward, the Congress was burned, the Cumberland sunk, the Minnesota was aground and the Roanoke helpless with a broken shaft, while nothing seemed to check the ram at all. About midnight the Congress blew up. Among the dark rumors that night came a grain of hope in the report that an iron cased battery, the Ericsson which had been expected had arrived and would engage the Merrimac in the morning. Still it was but a grain. "Light on that Sabbath morning showed the new helper lying behind the Minnesota but looking rather insignificant. About eight o'clock the Merrimac came saucily out accompanied by the Jamestown and Yorktown, wooden steamers and evidently expecting to have it all her own way as on the previous afternoon. As she approached the Minnesota the new comer came out from behind, which caused her to hesitate. She soon came on again when the Ericsson engaged her for several hours. At one o'clock the Merrimac hauled away for Norfolk with her guns all disabled while the Ericsson was not damaged at all. You can imagine there was great relief on the part of those who had stood watching and feeling that their own welfare depended on the outcome of that fight." The night preceding this naval battle one section of the battery under Lieutenant Trull accompanied by a company of 1st Delaware was on picket duty at White Gate, guarding the cross roads as an attack by land was looked for. The men stood at their guns all night, but morning dawned without the appearance of the enemy. At the same time the left section was stationed at Hampton Bridge under Lieutenant Hall. The morning of the same day the battery was ordered to Hampton Creek, where it remained for four hours firing several shots at the Merrimac, which was, however, too far away to be reached. While in camp at Fort Monroe there was a grand review of all the troops by General Wool and also during their stay General McClellan's army of 125,000 marched by on their way to Yorktown. Speaking of the stay at Fort Monroe, Captain Russell writes: "This was one of the most trying times for the battery. We were all anxious to get to the front somewhere and while encamped here, along came the Army of the Potomac on the way to Yorktown. Day after day a continuous stream of men and batteries passed us calling to us 'Come on, get into the swim with us.'" While here the battery had an opportunity to compete with one of the regulars in target practise. "Several Confederate steamers, the Merrimac among them, came out of Norfolk and lay in line off Sewall's Point. The battery was ordered to Hampton Creek with a battery of the regular army on the left. About 4 P. M. the Merrimac moved a little nearer and fired at the Union steamer Naugatuck, but burst a gun and fell back disabled. The regular battery fired a few shot at her but fell short two miles. The right section of our battery fired at an elevation of 30° by sinking the trail in the ground, the first shot bursting just on the other side of the Merrimac—a distance of four and one-half miles. We received much praise for our gunnery." Diary, W. G. Hidden. "The next day we trained a gun on Sewall's Point and fired a shell. It went so close to the far-away beach that Captain Nims said 'Give her a little more elevation.' We dug the hole a little deeper, put her muzzle a little higher and the captain's next shell landed plumb on the point. That was five miles away." To quote again from Captain Russell: "Our stay in the vicinity of Fort Monroe was about seven weeks. During that time we had seen much and done little so that when the old ship DeWitt Clinton reported as ready to bear us to the Southland for more active service we were all glad. But the loading of all our horses on the ship and placing them in stalls below deck was no small job. Then came the guns and carriages, ammunition, forges, etc. But at last all was ready and as we sailed past the capes and the old ship headed southward we felt that at last we were off for the place awaiting us where we could do something for the integrity of our country and its flag. Our voyage was a pleasant one, no sickness of a serious character, the men cheerful and spending much time in making souvenirs of the voyage out of anything at hand. One thing did occur which made a lasting impression on the minds of those who witnessed it. Our ship was to report at Ship Island for further orders. After we had rounded Cape Florida one night, with our good ship under full sail and a free wind, the cry came from the lookout, 'Rocks ahead.' All of us who were on deck and those who could quickly reach it saw on each side of the bow of the ship and not far distant towers of rocks. No time was left to turn the ship to right or left, and so the man at the wheel could do nothing but let her go straight ahead. We braced ourselves for the expected shock, that would send us all to a watery grave. Seconds seemed hours. As we passed the rocks it seemed that one could throw a stone and hit them on either side. No shock came. Our ship went through into open water, she was rounded up into the wind, sails clewed up and anchor let go and we all breathed again. When morning came we found that our navigator had made a great mistake in his calculations and we had been piloted in safety through Dead Men's Keys. By whom? By God, in whose service we were. With grateful hearts we sailed away and reached Ship Island without further incident." Ship Island was reached on the 14th after a passage of twenty-two days. A letter from Thomas N. Palmer written the following day: "We have had a very pleasant voyage, no serious storm since we left Fort Monroe—a good steady old ship. The boys are all in good spirits and ready for anything. This war is fast drawing to a close and we shall soon be traveling north." Of the 134 horses belonging to the battery only four died on the trip, a rather unusual record at that time. As the government valued each horse reaching Ship Island at $700 this was regarded as a decidedly favorable passage from a financial point of view. At Ship Island news was received of the taking of New Orleans two weeks before and the battery proceeded at once up the Mississippi arriving at New Orleans on the morning of May 24 and camping at the Pelican Cotton Press. It was now assigned to General Williams' Brigade and in less than a week ordered on board the steamers Burton and Diana for Baton Rouge where it arrived on June 1. "Here we found our old Eastern Shore comrades, the 4th Wisconsin and 6th Michigan regiments, who greeted us with hearty cheers and still more to the point furnished us with hot coffee." During this time the men were sent on scouting expeditions capturing some prisoners, seizing everything of value and burning some of the plantations which served as Confederate strongholds. On one of these expeditions the left section together with the 30th Massachusetts and two companies of the 4th Wisconsin captured 40,000 lbs. of sugar, molasses, cattle, sheep, mules, and wagons, and took prisoners one lieutenant and four privates. The battery now prepared to join in the expedition against Vicksburg and on the 22d of June landed at Ellis Cliff in order to dislodge a hostile force that had fired the day before on the Union transports passing up the river. After a seven miles' march through the woods the enemy's camp was reached where fires were burning and beans boiling but the occupants had left in a hurry. The captain of the band was however captured in his carriage. Two days later a similar movement was made at Grand Gulf where the Confederates were driven from their position, five prisoners taken and the town and railroad destroyed. Under the date June 24, "3 A. M. Steamers with infantry and battery on board sailed up a bayou to get in the rear of Grand Gulf. 10 A. M. Landed at Berry's Plantation. Formed line of march, 4th Wisconsin and right half of battery in advance. Marched two miles and found a small force of the enemy in the woods who fired on our infantry. Colonel Paine ordered the right piece to the front. He did not have to wait long for my horses were ready for a jump. We soon reached the woods, fired a few shots at the enemy who saved themselves by getting on board a train and steaming away. Fired at train and struck the rear car completely shattering it. Marched five miles, found enemy's camp on fire vacated an hour previous. Then into Grand Gulf where we burned every building and destroyed the railroad track." J. S. Knowlton. Two days later the expedition arrived at Point de Soto, three miles below Vicksburg, where the battery was first under fire and had its first lesson in real fighting. The occasion for this was incidental to the passage of Farragut's fleet up the river. Farragut had received most urgent Letters from the Navy Department urging upon him the clearing of the Mississippi, Vicksburg being then the only point in the possession of the Confederates. Although he felt that it was impossible to take the city without a large land force, he prepared at once to make the attempt. Sending on in advance a flotilla of mortar boats under Commander D. D. Porter he followed with his fleet of three ships and seven gunboats accompanied by ten transports carrying General Williams' Brigade of four regiments and two batteries—the 2d and the 6th Massachusetts. To quote from J. S. Knowlton's diary: "Our mortar boats commenced bombarding the city of Vicksburg at 4 P. M. We were ordered around the backside of the woods so as to get unperceived to the nearest point to Vicksburg. We marched over five miles and came to a halt on the railroad about three quarters of a mile from the point where we were to go into action. Here we dismounted and slept by our horses until the mortar boats began firing which was a signal for us to start. The firing soon became very severe, which indicated that the fleet had started. We pushed down the railroad, shot and shell falling thick and fast all around us, cutting off trees and plowing the soil at an enormous rate. We soon reached the shore and concentrated our whole fire upon three batteries of the enemy's right wing. Their batteries could be seen blazing from all points of the city. We made some good shots, putting our shell plumb within the enemy's works. They kept up a continual firing on our fleets sending their shots with great rapidity. At 5 P. M., the fleet having passed, we were ordered back to camp, having been engaged an hour and a half. Not a man in our company was injured in the whole engagement and only one horse was hit." Another member of the battery writes: "Probably few grander sights were to be had during the war than we saw that morning as Farragut in the Hartford, just going enough to prevent the current getting the better of him, led his fleet of wooden vessels through that deluge of shot and shell." S. P. Skilton. At an inspection the next afternoon, Captain Nims said that Commodore Farragut expressed much pleasure at the performance of the battery and the aid it had rendered and stated that it was the hottest fire he was ever under. The only part taken by the land forces in this expedition was by the two Massachusetts batteries. A few days later the fleet passed back down the river under a heavy fire from Vicksburg and remained for some time in the vicinity of the city. Before Vicksburg the river made one of those gigantic bends for which it is famous.[2] For three miles it flowed directly toward the city and then bending suddenly flowed in an exactly opposite direction. Between these lines lay a peninsula scarcely a mile wide. When following the course of the stream, a vessel going up or down the river was under fire of the batteries for a distance of six miles. It was thought that if a canal be dug across this peninsula the current of the river might wear a channel by which boats could pass leaving them exposed for only one mile. Accordingly General Williams was commissioned to gather a force of negroes from the surrounding plantations to carry out this enterprise. Some 1500 were brought in and set to work, but the plan did not succeed. The position was not well chosen and before the work was completed the river rose suddenly and destroyed all that had been accomplished. It was now evident that while it was possible to send a fleet up the river if necessary, Vicksburg could not be taken without a land force of 12,000 to 15,000 men. Accordingly, on July 24, Farragut's fleet, together with the transports bearing General Williams' Brigade, started down the river leaving Vicksburg entirely free. General Williams and his troops debarked at Baton Rouge for the purpose of permanently occupying it. Of this entire movement Irwin says: "No casualties occurred but the troops returned July 26 to Baton Rouge after having for more than three months undergone hardships such as have seldom fallen to the lot of soldiers in a campaign whose existence is scarcely known and whose name is well nigh forgotten. During the stay near Vicksburg many of the men contracted fever and on July 19 occurred the first death among the members of the battery—that of Theodore H. Price of Boston. Others followed in quick succession until by August 8, six of the battery had fallen victims to the soldier's worst foe, disease. These were: Theodore H. Price, died July 19; J. S. Haven, died July 31; Alvin Lovejoy, died August 2; Cyrus Davidson, died August 5; E. L. Leavitt, died August 5; M. F. Tate, died August 8. Nor was this all, for at the grand review and inspection by General Williams on July 31, of the 140 members of the battery only 21 were present for duty, the remainder, including Captain Nims himself, being in the hospital. The same condition naturally prevailed among the other members of the brigade, one regiment (the 7th Vermont) mustering but 48 men and other regiments averaging 150; so that not one half of the entire number was reported as ready for service. When this state of affairs was made known to Major Van Dorn of the Confederate Army, he organized an expedition to capture the post. It was composed of about 5000 men under Gen. J. C. Breckenridge who expected to be aided in his endeavor by the ram Arkansas. With his entire force moving along the two roads that enter Baton Rouge from the southwest he made a vigorous attack in the early morning of August 5. Williams was expecting the attack (we read in the diary of one of the men that the horses had been standing in harness three days and three nights), and had arranged his forces to meet it. His army, depleted as it was by sickness, numbered only 2500 effective men. He posted the 4th Wisconsin on Bayou Gros on the extreme left, with a portion of Manning's Battery in the arsenal grounds on its left. On the right of that regiment was the 9th Connecticut with four of Manning's guns in the cemetery. To the left of Greenwell Springs Road was the 14th Maine and next came the 21st Indiana with four guns of Everett's Battery. The 6th Michigan was posted across the country road with two guns. In the rear of the last two was the 7th Vermont, and at the extreme right was the 30th Massachusetts supporting Nims' Battery.[3] Owing to the illness of Captain Nims, First Lieutenant Trull was in command, while to take the place of the men in the hospital a detail of thirty men had been secured from the 9th Connecticut so that when the battle opened the six guns were manned. The conflict lasted from four to nine o'clock, a period of five hours, and throughout the entire battle Nims' Battery won the highest commendation for efficient service. Perhaps nothing could give a better account of what it accomplished than the Official Report of Colonel Dudley:[4] "I immediately ordered Nims' Battery under the command of the brave and efficient First Lieutenant Trull, to the left and considerably to the front so as to clear the thick woods in its front. This battery went into action within 250 yards of a Kentucky regiment sheltered by a fence and a cornfield, where it remained doing excellent service until ordered to change position. Officers and men could not have behaved better. More coolness could not have been expected from veterans than the officers and men of this battery displayed. They changed position four times under my own observation and on each occasion the gallant commander displayed his competency for the prominent part he acted in this severest part of the field.... At one time the undaunted Trull with his battery was hotly engaged on the right with a full battery of the enemy which had approached within 150 yards (supposed to have been the celebrated Simmes' Battery), but the 6th Michigan moved up to the support of Nims' Battery in elegant order. Its assistance came most fortunately for it was clear the enemy intended to outflank us at this point.... At this juncture of the conflict I ordered Lieutenant Trull to fire his three left pieces across the fronts of the Indiana 21st, Massachusetts 30th, and 7th Vermont. This was the turning point of the right wing. The galling fire of canister effectually silenced the enemy's fire and they retreated to the rear." At one time the guns became so hot that it was impossible to use them and it became necessary to wait. While water was being brought to cool them a fierce attack was made by the enemy, but proved unsuccessful. "At another time the enemy advanced bearing the Stars and Stripes until they were within 25 yards of the battery who supposed them to be their own men, but soon their artillery and infantry opened a tremendous fire, too high, however, to do much damage. In an instant the guns were discharged and the enemy mowed down like grass, the first fire killing over 100. Great cheers and praises for Nims' boys could be heard all over the battlefield." Diary of J. S. Knowlton. A correspondent of the Boston Journal gives the following description of the battle. "Two highways run out of Baton Rouge—one above and one below,—on each side of the town; about a mile and a half a road cuts these two roads at right angles, while extending from road to road is a large cemetery, facing towards the city and looking directly into the camps of the Indiana, Massachusetts, and Connecticut regiments. The front of this cemetery is fenced with paling, while the cemetery is thickly strewn with large tombs and overgrown with high rank weeds. This was the position of the rebel center. Our center was composed of the Indiana 21st, the Massachusetts and Connecticut, drawn up on the opposite side of the roads, and not more than forty-five rods distant. The rebel right approached through corn-fields and over a rolling country, attacked with great impetuosity the 14th Maine's camp and drove them out, burning and pillaging the camp in a few minutes. The 14th Maine rallied, and, supported by the Massachusetts and Nims' Battery, returned to the attack and drove the enemy back with great slaughter. "The fiercest part of the conflict, at this tide of the battle, occurred before and within a house which the rebels obstinately...