The Project Gutenberg EBook of History of Spanish Literature, vol. 2 (of 3), by George Ticknor This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license Title: History of Spanish Literature, vol. 2 (of 3) Author: George Ticknor Release Date: September 20, 2017 [EBook #55589] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SPANISH LITERATURE *** Produced by Josep Cols Canals, Ramon Pajares Box and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) Transcriber's note Table of Contents HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE. VOL. II. [p. i] HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE. BY GEORGE TICKNOR. IN THREE VOLUMES. VOLUME II. N E W Y O R K : HARPER AND BROTHERS, 82 CLIFF STREET. M DCCC XLIX. [p. iii] Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1849, by George Ticknor, in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. [p. iv] CONTENTS OF VOLUME SECOND. SECOND PERIOD. (Continued.) CHAPTER VII. Theatre in the Time of Charles the Fifth, and during the First Part of the Reign of Philip the Second. Drama opposed by the Church 3 Inquisition interferes 4 Religious Dramas continued 4 Secular Plays, Castillejo, Oliva 5 Juan de Paris 6 Jaume de Huete 8 Agostin Ortiz 9 Popular Drama attempted 9 Lope de Rueda 9 His Four Comedias 11 His Two Pastoral Colloquies 13 His Ten Pasos 16 His Two Dialogues in Verse 17 His insufficient Apparatus 18 He begins the Popular Drama 19 Juan de Timoneda 20 His Cornelia 21 His Menennos 21 His Blind Beggars 22 CHAPTER VIII. Theatre, continued. Followers of Lope de Rueda 25 Alonso de la Vega, Cisneros 25 Attempts at Seville 26 Juan de la Cueva 26 Romero de Zepeda 27 Attempts at Valencia 28 Cristóval de Virues 28 Translations from the Ancients 30 Villalobos, Oliva 30 Boscan, Abril 30 Gerónimo Bermudez 30 Lupercio de Argensola 32 Spanish Drama to this Time 34 The Attempts to form it few 35 The Apparatus imperfect 36 Connection with the Hospitals 37 Court-yards in Madrid 37 Dramas have no uniform Character 37 A National Drama demanded 39 CHAPTER IX. Luis de Leon. Religious Element in Spanish Literature 40 Luis de Leon 40 His Birth and Training 40 Professor at Salamanca 41 His Version of Solomon’s Song 41 His Persecution for it 42 [p. v] [p. vi] His Names of Christ 43 His Perfect Wife 45 His Exposition of Job 45 His Death 46 His Poetry 47 His Translations 48 His Original Poetry 49 His Character 51 CHAPTER X. Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. His Family 52 His Birth 53 His Education 54 His first published Verses 54 Goes to Italy 55 Becomes a Soldier 55 Fights at Lepanto 56 And at Tunis 57 Is captured at Sea 57 Is a Slave at Algiers 57 His cruel Captivity 58 His Release 59 Serves in Portugal 61 His Galatea 61 His Marriage 64 His Literary Friends 65 His First Dramas 65 His Trato de Argel 67 His Numantia 70 Character of these Dramas 77 CHAPTER XI. Cervantes, continued. He goes to Seville 77 His Life there 78 Asks Employment in America 78 Short Poems 79 Tradition from La Mancha 80 He goes to Valladolid 81 First Part of Don Quixote 82 He goes to Madrid 82 Relations with Poets there 82 With Lope de Vega 82 His Novelas 84 His Viage al Parnaso 88 His Adjunta 89 His Eight Comedias 90 His Eight Entremeses 94 Second Part of Don Quixote 97 His Sickness 98 His Death 99 CHAPTER XII. Cervantes, concluded. His Persiles y Sigismunda 100 His Don Quixote, First Part 103 His Purpose in writing it 104 Passion for Romances of Chivalry 105 He destroys it 107 Character of the First Part 108 Avellaneda’s Second Part 109 Its Character 110 Cervantes’s Satire on it 111 His own Second Part 112 Its Character 113 Don Quixote and Sancho 114 Blemishes in the Don Quixote 116 Its Merits and Fame 118 Claims of Cervantes 119 CHAPTER XIII. Lope Felix de Vega Carpio. His Birth 120 His Education 121 A Soldier 123 Patronized by Manrique 123 Bachelor at Alcalá 123 His Dorothea 124 Secretary to Alva 124 His Arcadia 125 Marries 127 Is exiled for a Duel 127 Life at Valencia 128 Death of his Wife 128 Establishes himself at Madrid 128 Serves in the Armada 129 Marries again 131 His Children 132 Death of his Sons 132 Death of his Wife 132 Becomes a Priest 133 His Poem of San Isidro 134 His Hermosura de Angélica 137 His Dragontea 140 His Peregrino en su Patria 142 His Jerusalen Conquistada 143 CHAPTER XIV. Lope de Vega, continued. His Relations with the Church 146 His Pastores de Belen 146 Various Works 148 Beatification of San Isidro 149 Canonization of San Isidro 153 Tomé de Burguillos 154 His Gatomachia 154 Various Works 155 His Novelas 156 He acts as an Inquisitor 157 His Religious Poetry 158 His Corona Trágica 159 His Laurel de Apolo 160 His Dorotea 160 His Last Works 161 His Illness and Death 162 His Burial 162 CHAPTER XV. Lope de Vega, continued. His Miscellaneous Works 164 Their Character 165 His earliest Dramas 166 At Valencia 167 State of the Theatre 168 El Verdadero Amante 169 El Pastoral de Jacinto 169 His Moral Plays 170 The Soul’s Voyage 171 The Prodigal Son 172 [p. vii] The Marriage of the Soul 173 The Theatre at Madrid 174 His published Dramas 175 Their great Number 175 His Dramatic Foundation 177 Varieties in his Plays 178 Comedias de Capa y Espada 179 Their Character 179 Their Number 180 El Azero de Madrid 181 La Noche de San Juan 184 Festival of the Count Duke 184 La Boba para los Otros 189 El Premio del Bien Hablar 190 Various Plays 190 CHAPTER XVI. Lope de Vega, continued. Comedias Heróicas 192 Roma Abrasada 193 El Príncipe Perfeto 195 El Nuevo Mundo 199 El Castigo sin Venganza 202 La Estrella de Sevilla 205 National Subjects 206 Various Plays 207 Character of the Heroic Drama 207 CHAPTER XVII. Lope de Vega, continued. Dramas on Common Life 210 El Cuerdo en su Casa 211 La Donzella Teodor 212 Cautivos de Argel 214 Three Classes of Secular Plays 215 The Influence of the Church 216 Religious Plays 217 Plays founded on the Bible 217 El Nacimiento de Christo 218 Other such Plays 221 Comedias de Santos 223 Several such Plays 224 San Isidro de Madrid 225 Autos Sacramentales 226 Festival of the Corpus Christi 227 Number of Lope’s Autos 229 Their Form 230 Their Loas 230 Their Entremeses 231 The Autos themselves 232 Lope’s Secular Entremeses 234 Popular Tone of his Drama 236 His Eclogues 237 CHAPTER XVIII. Lope de Vega, concluded. Variety in the Forms of his Dramas 239 Characteristics of all of them 239 Personages 240 Dialogue 240 Irregular Plots 240 History disregarded 241 Geography 242 Morals 242 Dramatized Novelle 243 [p. viii] Comic Underplot 243 Graciosos 244 Poetical Style 245 Various Measures 246 Ballad Poetry in them 247 Popular Air of every thing 249 His Success at home 249 His Success abroad 250 His large Income 251 Still he is poor 251 Great Amount of his Works 252 Spirit of Improvisation 250 CHAPTER XIX. Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas. Birth and Training 255 Exile 256 Public Service in Sicily 256 In Naples 257 Persecution at Home 257 Marries 257 Persecution again 258 His Sufferings and Death 259 Variety of his Works 259 Many suppressed 260 His Poetry 261 Its Characteristics 262 Cultismo 263 El Bachiller de la Torre 263 His Prose Works 267 Paul the Sharper 269 Various Tracts 269 The Knight of the Forceps 269 La Fortuna con Seso 270 Visions 271 Quevedo’s Character 274 CHAPTER XX. The Drama of Lope’s School. Madrid the Capital 276 Its Effect on the Drama 277 Damian de Vegas 277 Francisco de Tarrega 278 His Enemiga Favorable 279 Gaspar de Aguilar 280 His Mercader Amante 280 His Suerte sin Esperanza 281 Guillen de Castro 283 His Dramas 284 His Don Quixote 285 His Piedad y Justicia 285 His Santa Bárbara 286 His Mocedades del Cid 287 Corneille’s Cid 289 Other Plays of Guillen 292 Luis Vélez de Guevara 293 Mas pesa el Rey que la Sangre 294 Other Plays of Guevara 296 Juan Perez de Montalvan 297 His San Patricio 298 His Orfeo 299 His Dramas 300 His Amantes de Teruel 301 His Don Carlos 304 His Autos 305 His Theory of the Drama 306 [p. ix] His Success 307 CHAPTER XXI. Drama of Lope’s School, concluded. Tirso de Molina 308 His Dramas 308 His Burlador de Sevilla 309 His Vergonzoso en Palacio 312 His Theory of the Drama 314 Antonio Mira de Mescua 315 His Dramas and Poems 315 Joseph de Valdivielso 316 His Autos 317 His Religious Dramas 317 Antonio de Mendoza 318 Ruiz de Alarcon 319 His Dramas 320 His Texedor de Segovia 320 His Verdad Sospechosa 321 Other Plays 322 Belmonte, Cordero, Enriquez 323 Villaizan, Sanchez, Herrera 323 Barbadillo, Solorzano 324 Un Ingenio 325 El Diablo Predicador 325 Opposition to Lope’s School 327 By Men of Learning 328 By the Church 329 The Drama triumphs 331 Lope’s Fame 332 CHAPTER XXII. Pedro Calderon de la Barca. Birth and Family 333 Education 334 Festivals of San Isidro 335 Serves as a Soldier 336 Writes for the Stage 336 Patronized by Philip the Fourth 336 Rebellion in Catalonia 337 Controls the Theatre 337 Enters the Church 337 Less favored by Charles the Second 338 Death and Burial 339 Person and Character 340 His Works 341 His Dramas 342 Many falsely ascribed to him 342 Their Number 343 His Autos Sacramentales 344 Feast of the Corpus Christi 345 His different Autos 347 His Divino Orfeo 348 Popularity of his Autos 350 His Religious Plays 351 Troubles with the Church 351 Ecclesiastics write Plays 352 Calderon’s San Patricio 353 His Devocion de la Cruz 355 His Mágico Prodigioso 355 Other similar Plays 358 CHAPTER XXIII. Calderon, continued. Characteristics of his Drama 360 [p. x] Trusts to the Story 361 Sacrifices much to it 362 Dramatic Interest strong 363 Love, Jealousy, and Honor 364 Amar despues de la Muerte 364 El Médico de su Honra 368 El Pintor de su Deshonra 371 El Mayor Monstruo los Zelos 371 El Príncipe Constante 376 CHAPTER XXIV. Calderon, concluded. Comedias de Capa y Espada 381 Antes que todo es mi Dama 382 La Dama Duende 383 La Vanda y la Flor 385 Various Sources of Calderon’s Plots 389 Castilian Tone everywhere 389 Exaggerated Sense of Honor 391 Domestic Authority 392 Duels 393 Immoral Tendency of his Dramas 394 Attacked 394 Defended 394 Calderon’s courtly Tone 395 His Style and Versification 396 His long Success 397 Changes the Drama little 399 But gives it a lofty Tone 400 His Dramatic Character 401 CHAPTER XXV. Drama of Calderon’s School. Most Brilliant Period 403 Agustin Moreto 403 His Dramas 404 Figuron Plays 405 El Lindo Don Diego 405 El Desden con el Desden 406 Francisco de Roxas 408 His Dramas 408 Del Rey abaxo Ninguno 409 Several Authors to one Play 411 Alvaro Cubillo 412 Leyba and Cancer y Velasco 413 Enriquez Gomez 414 Sigler and Zabaleta 414 Fernando de Zarate 414 Miguel de Barrios 415 Diamante 416 Monroy, Monteser, Cuellar 417 Juan de la Hoz 417 Juan de Matos Fragoso 418 Sebastian de Villaviciosa 419 Antonio de Solís 420 Francisco Banzes Candamo 422 Zarzuelas 424 Opera at Madrid 425 Antonio de Zamora 426 Lanini, Martinez 427 Rosete, Villegas 427 Joseph de Cañizares 427 Decline of the Drama 428 Vera y Villarroel 429 [p. xi] Inez de la Cruz 429 Fernandez de Leon 429 Tellez de Azevedo 429 Old Drama of Lope and of Calderon 429 CHAPTER XXVI. Old Theatres. Nationality of the Drama 430 The Autor of a Company 431 Relations with the Dramatists 432 Actors, their Number 433 The most distinguished 434 Their Character and hard Life 435 Exhibitions in the Day-time 436 Poor Scenery and Properties 437 The Stage 437 The Audience 437 The Mosqueteros 437 The Gradas, and Cazuela 438 The Aposentos 438 Entrance-money 439 Rudeness of the Audiences 439 Honors to the Authors 440 Play-Bills 440 Titles of Plays 441 Representations 441 Loa 441 Ballad 441 First Jornada 443 First Entremes 444 Second Jornada and Entremes 445 Third Jornada and Saynete 445 Dancing 445 Ballads 446 Xacaras 446 Zarabandas 447 Popular Character of the Drama 448 Great Number of Authors 449 Royal Patronage 450 Great Number of Dramas 451 All National 452 CHAPTER XXVII. Historical and Narrative Poems. Old Epic Tendencies 454 Revived in the Time of Charles the Fifth 455 Hierónimo Sempere 455 Luis de Çapata 456 Diego Ximenez de Ayllon 457 Hippólito Sanz 457 Alfonso Fernandez 458 Espinosa and Coloma 458 Alonso de Ercilla 459 His Araucana 461 Diego de Osorio 464 Pedro de Oña 466 Gabriel Lasso de la Vega 467 Antonio de Saavedra 467 Juan de Castellanos 468 Centenera 469 Gaspar de Villagra 469 Religious Narrative Poems 470 Hernandez Blasco 470 Gabriel de Mata 470 Cristóval de Virues 470 His Monserrate 471 [p. xii] Nicolas Bravo 472 Joseph de Valdivielso 472 Diego de Hojeda 473 His Christiada 473 Alonso Diaz 474 Antonio de Escobar 474 Alonso de Azevedo 474 Rodriguez de Vargas 474 Jacobo Uziel 474 Sebastian de Nieva Calvo 474 Duran Vivas 474 Juan Dávila 474 Antonio Enriquez Gomez 474 Hernando Dominguez Camargo 474 Juan de Encisso y Monçon 474 Imaginative Epics 475 Orlando Furioso 476 Nicolas Espinosa 476 Abarca de Bolea 477 Garrido de Villena 477 Agostin Alonso 477 Luis Barahona de Soto 477 His Lágrimas de Angélica 478 Bernardo de Balbuena 479 His Bernardo 480 CHAPTER XXVIII. Historical and Narrative Poems, concluded. Subjects from Antiquity 481 Boscan, Mendoza, Silvestre 481 Montemayor, Villegas 481 Perez, Romero de Cepeda 482 Fábulas, Góngora 483 Villamediana, Pantaleon 483 Moncayo, Villalpando 483 Salazar 483 Miscellaneous Poems 483 Yague de Salas 484 Miguel de Silveira 485 Fr. Lopez de Zarate 486 Mock-heroic Poems 487 Cosmé de Aldana 487 Cintio Merctisso 488 Villaviciosa 489 Heroic Poems 491 Don John of Austria 491 Hierónimo de Cortereal 492 Juan Rufo 493 Pedro de la Vezilla 494 Miguel Giner 495 Duarte Diaz 495 Lorenzo de Zamora 495 Cristóval de Mesa 496 Juan de la Cueva 497 Alfonso Lopez, El Pinciano 498 Francisco Mosquera 499 Vasconcellos 499 Bernarda Ferreira 500 Antonio de Vera y Figueroa 501 Francisco de Borja 501 Rise of Heroic Poetry 502 Its Decline 503 CHAPTER XXIX. Lyric Poetry. [p. xiii] Early Lyric Tendency 505 Italian School of Boscan 505 National School 506 Lomas de Cantorál 506 Francisco de Figueroa 507 Vicente Espinel 507 Montemayor 507 Barahona de Soto, Rufo 508 Vegas, Padilla 508 Lopez Maldonado 508 Fernando de Herrera 509 His Odes 511 His Castilian Style 513 Pedro Espinosa 515 His Flores de Poetas Ilustres 515 Rey de Artieda 516 Manoel de Portugal 516 Cristóval de Mesa 517 Francisco de Ocaña 517 Lope de Sosa 517 Alonso de Ledesma 517 The Conceptistas 518 Cultismo and its Causes 519 Luis de Góngora 521 His earlier Poetry 522 His later Poetry 523 His Extravagance 524 His Obscurity 524 His Commentators 525 His Followers 526 Count Villamediana 527 Felix de Arteaga 528 Roca y Serna 528 Antonio de Vega 529 Anastasio Pantaleon 529 Violante del Cielo 529 Manoel de Melo 529 Moncayo, La Torre 530 Vergara 530 Rozas, Ulloa 530 Salazar 530 Spread of Cultismo 531 Contest about it 532 Francisco de Medrano 533 Pedro Venegas 533 Baltasar de Alcazar 533 Arguijo 534 Antonio Balvas 534 CHAPTER XXX. Lyric Poetry, concluded. The Argensolas 536 Lupercio 536 Bartolomé 537 Their Poetry 538 Juan de Jauregui 539 His Orfeo 540 His Aminta 540 His Lyrical Poetry 541 Estévan Manuel de Villegas 542 Imitates Anacreon 543 Bernardo de Balbuena 544 Barbadillo, Polo, Rojas 544 Francisco de Rioja 545 Borja y Esquilache 546 Antonio de Mendoza 547 [p. xiv]