The Project Gutenberg EBook of History Of Egypt, Chaldæa, Syria, Babylonia, And Assyria, by Gaston Maspero This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: History Of Egypt, Chaldæa, Syria, Babylonia, And Assyria A Linked Index to the Project Gutenberg Editions Author: Gaston Maspero Editor: David Widger Release Date: May 19, 2009 [EBook #28876] Last Updated: November 30, 2012 Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EGYPT AND OTHERS *** Produced by David Widger History Of Egypt, Chaldæa, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria GASTON MASPERO (1846-1916) AN ON-LINE INDEX Edited by David Widger Project Gutenberg Editions MASPERO DOWNLOAD Click on the DOWNLOAD button above if you would like to download this Index to your hard disk and save it there with all the volumes of the entire set. Following these DOWNLOAD INSTRUCTIONS will allow the index file to link to all the volumes and chapters in the HTML files on your computer when you are off-line. This collection of Project Gutenberg eBooks also includes two sets of mobile viewer files for Kindles, Nooks and others using .mobi or .epub formats. There is no index included for the .mobi or .epub files as your mobile viewer will automatially list the title names of the new files. CONTENTS Click on the ## before each title to go directly to a linked index of the detailed chapters and illustrations ## Volume I. ## Volume II. ## Volume III. ## Volume IV. ## Volume V. ## Volume VI. ## Volume VII. ## Volume VIII. ## Volume IX. ## Volume X. ## Volume XI. ## Volume XII. ## Volume XIII. VOLUMES, CHAPTERS AND STORIES Volume I. CONTENTS EDITOR'S PREFACE TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS CHAPTER I.—THE NILE AND EGYPT CHAPTER II.—THE GODS OF EGYPT CHAPTER III.—-THE LEGENDARY HISTORY OF EGYPT List of Illustrations 003.jpg Chapter One 006.jpg The Mouth of The Nile Previous to The Formation Of the Delta. 009.jpg A Line of Laden Camels Emerges from A Hollow 010.jpg 011.jpg Part of Gebel Shêkh HerÎdi 012.jpg The Hill of Kasr Es-sayyad 014.jpg Entrance to the First Cataract 015.jpg Entrance to Nubia 016.jpg League Beyond League, the Hills Stretch on 018.jpg The Entrance to The First Cataract 020.jpg Entrance to the Second Catakact 022.jpg An Attempt to Represent the Egyptian Universe 023.jpg Footnotes With Graphics 027.jpg South Africa and the Sources of The Nile 031.jpg During the Inundation 034.jpg Assiout 036.jpg Entrance of the MudÎriyeh Of AsyÛt 037.jpg Forest of Date Palms 040.jpg Acacias at the Entrance to a Garden Outside EkhmÎm 041.jpg She-ass and Her Foal 042.jpg The UrÆus of Egypt 044.jpg The Ibis of Egypt 045.jpg The Mormyrus Oxyrhynchus 046.jpg Ahaka 047.jpg Two Fishermen Carrying a Latus 048.jpg The Nile God 049.jpg The Shrine of The Nile at Biggeh 051.jpg Nile Gods from the Temple of Seti I. At Abydos 055.jpg Libyan Mountains 059.jpg The Noble Type of Egyptian 060.jpg Head of a Tileban Mummy 060b.jpg Wrappings from a Mummy (Oil painting) 062.jpg A Fellah Woman With the Features of an Ancient King 066.jpg Negro Prisoners Wearing the Panther's Skin As A Loin-cloth. 068.jpg Notable Wearing the Large Cloak; Priest Wearing Panther's Skin 070.jpg A Dignitary Wrapped in his Large Cloak 072.jpg Costume of Egyptian Woman, Spinning 073.jpg Man Wearing Wig and Necklaces 074.jpg The Boomerang and Fighting Bow 075.jpg Votive Axe 076.jpg King Holding the Baton 077.jpg Fishing in the Marshes 078.jpg Hunting in the Marshes: Encountering a Hippopotamus 079.jpg Hunting in the Desert: Bull, Lion, and Oryx 080.jpg Catching Animals With the Bola 082.jpg A Swineherd and his Pigs 084.jpg The Egyptian Lotus 086.jpg The Egyptian Hoe 087.jpg Ploughing 089.jpg An Egyptian Saki (well) Procuring Water for Irrigation 091.jpg Boatmen Fighting on a Canal Communicating With The Nile 092.jpg A Great Egyptian Lord, Ti, and his Wife 094.jpg Nomes of Middle Egypt 096.jpg Nomes of Upper Egypt 099.jpg Nomes of Lower Egypt 105.jpg Page Image 106.jpg Page Image 107.jpg Page Image 108.jpg the Goddess NapkÎt, StapÎt 110.jpg Some Fabulous Beasts of the Egyptian Desert 113.jpb Some Fabulous Beasts of the Egyptian Desert 115.jpg NÛÎt the Starry One 116.jpg Goose-god Facing The Cat-goddess, The Lady Of Heaven 117.jpg the Cow HÂthor, The Lady Of Heaven 118.jpg Twelve Stages in The Life of The Sun and Its Twelve Forms 123.jpg Conception of the Principal Constellations of the Northern Sky 124.jpg Lunar Bark, Self-propelled, Under The Protection of the Two Eyes 125.jpg The Haunch, and The Female Hippopotamus 127.jpg Okion, Sothis, and Two Hokus-planets 128.jpg Sahu-orion. 129.jpg Orion and the Cow Sothis Separated by The Sparrow-hawk 131.jpg Amon-rÂ, As MÎnÛ of Coptos, Invested With His Emblems 133.jpg AnhÛri 134.jpg The Hawk-headed Hokus 136.jpg The Hoeus of HibonÛ, on The Back Of The Gazelle 138.jpg The Cat-headed Bast 139.jpg Two Images 141.jpg Nit of SaÏs 142.jpg ImhotpÛ 143.jpg NofirtÛmÛ 145.jpg Horus 147.jp The Black Shadow Coming out Into The Sunlight. 148.jpg August Souls of Osiris and Horus in Adoration 150.jpg The King After his Coronation 161.jpg Sacrificing to the Dead in The Tomb Chapel 164.jpg Phtah As a Mummy 167.jpg The Sacred Bull 169.jpg Open-air Offerings to the Serpent 171.jpg The Peasant's Offering to The Sycamore 173.jpg Sacrifice of The Bull.—Priest Lassoing the Victim 180.jpg Shu Uplifting the Sky 182.jpg ShÛ Forcibly Separating SibÛ and NÛÎt 183.jpg The DidÛ of Osiris 183b.jpg The DidÛ Dressed 185.jpg Osiris-onnophris, Whip and Crook in Hand 187.jpg Isis, Wearing the Cow-horn Head-dress 189.jpg Nephthys, As a Wailing Woman, and the God SÎt, Fighting 192.jpg Horus, the Avenger of his Father, and Anubis ÛapÔaÎtÛ 191.jpg The Sun Springing from an Opening Lotus-flower 194.jpg The Plain and Mounds of Heliopolis Fifty Years Ago 196.jpg HakmakhÛÎti-hakmakhis, the Great God 198.jpg Khopri, in his Bark 201.jpg The Twin Lions, ShÛ and TafnÛÎt 204.jpg The Four Funerary Genii, KhabsonÛf, TiÛmaÛtf, Hapi, and AmsÎt 208.jpg The Ibis Thot, and The Cynocephalous Thot 212.jpg The Hermopolitan Ogdoad 213.jpg Amon 215.jpg The Theban Ennead 218.jpg Tailpiece 219.jpg Page Image 220.jpg Page Image 221.jpg Page Image 224.jpg KhnÛmÛ Modelling Man Upon a Potter's Table. 230.jpg At the First Hour of The Day The Sun Embarks 236.jpg SokhÎt, the Lioness-headed. 242.jpg Cow, Sustained Above the Earth by ShÛ and The Support 244.jpg Three of the Divine Amulets Preserved 250.jpg the Osmian Triad Hokus. Osiris, Isis. 253.jpg Isis-hathor, Cow-headed. 256.jpg The Osirian Mummy Prepared 257.jpg The Reception Op The Mummy by Anubis 259.jpg Osikis in Hades, Accompanied by Isis, AmentÎt, And Nephthys 260.jpg The Deceased Climbing The Slope of The Mountain Of the West 261.jpg The Mummy of SÛtimosÛ Clasping his Soul Into His Arms. 262.jpg Cynocephali Drawing the Net in Which Souls Are Caught. 1 264.jpg Deceased and his Wife Seated in Front of The Sycamore of NÛÎt 266.jpg Deceased Piercing a Serpent With his Lance. 2 267.jpg Good Cow HÂthor Carrying The Dead Man and His Soul. 268.jpg Anubis and Thot Weighing the Heart of The Deceased 269.jpg The Deceased is Brought Before The Shrine Of Osiris the Judge 272B.jpg The Occupations of Ani in the Elysian Fields 275.jpg The Manes Tilling The Ground and Reaping in Fields 276.jpg UashbÎti. 277.jpg The Dead Man and his Wife Playing at Draughts In The Pavilion. 278.jpg The Dead Man Sailing in his Bark Along The Canals 279.jpg Boat of a Funerary Fleet on Its Way to Abydos. 280.jpg The Solar Bark Into Which The Dead Man is About To Enter. 282.jpg The Solar Bark Passing Into The Mountain of The West. 284.jpg The Soul Descending The Sepulchral Shaft 285.jpg The Soul on The Edge of The Funeral Couch 287.jpg The Soul Going Forth Into Its Garden by Day 289.jpg An Incident in the Wars of Haratheus and Sit 293.jpg One of the Astronomical Tables Of The Tomb Of Ramses IV. 304.jpg The Gods Fighting Foe The Magician Who Has Invoked Them. 306.jpg The Child Horus on The Crocodiles. 310.jpg A Dead Man Receiving the Breath of Life. 315.jpg Th0t Records the Years of The Life Of Ramses. 316.jpg Page Image 317.jpg Page Image 318.jpg Page Image 319.jpg Page Image 325.jpg Table of the Kings 332.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Abydos, Made by Mariette In 1865 and 1875. 343.jpg Necklace, Bearing Name of Menes. 350.jpg SatÎt Presents the Pharaoh AmenÔthes III. To KhnÔmÛ. 351.jpg AnÛkit 353.jpg The Step Pyramid of Sauara. 356. Jpg One of the Chambers Of The Step-pyramid 357.jpg Tailpiece Volume II. CONTENTS CHAPTER I—THE POLITICAL CONSTITUTION OF EGYPT CHAPTER II—THE MEMPHITE EMPIRE CHAPTER III—THE FIRST THEBAN EMPIRE List of Illustrations Spines Cover Frontispiece Titlepage 003.jpg Page Image 004.jpg the Mastaba of Khomtini in The Necropolis Of GÎzeh 006.jpg the Great Sphinx of GÎzeh Partially Uncovered, And the Pyramid of Khephren 008.jpg TetiniÔnkhÛ, Sitting Before the Funeral Repast 009.jpg the Façade and The Stele of The Tomb Of Phtahshopsisu at Saqqara 010.jpg Stele in the Form of a Door 014.jpg a Representation of the Domains Of The Lord Ti, Bringing to Him Offerings in Procession 015.jpg the Representation of The Lord Ti Assisting At The Preliminaries of the Sacrifice and Offerings 021.jpg the Birth of a King and his Double 023.jpg Page Image 024.jpg the Adult King Advancing, Followed by his Double 026.jpg Page Image 027.jpg Page Image 028.jpg the Goddess Adopts The King by Suckling Him 029.jpg the Cucupha-headed Sceptre. 030.jpg Different Postures for Approaching the King 037.jpg Pharaoh in his Harem 039.jpg Pharaoh Gives Solemn Audience to One of His Ministers 042.jpg The Queen Shakes the Sistrum While The King Offers The Sacrifice 042b.jpg the Island and Temple of Phil. 051.jpg Men and Women Singers, Flute-players, Harpists, And Dancers, from the Tomb of Ti 052.jpg the Dwarf Khnumhotpu, Superintendent of The Royal Linen 059.jpg the Packing of The Linen and Its Removal to The White Storehouse. 061.jpg Measuring the Wheat and Depositing It in The Granaries 063.jpg Plan of a Princely Storehouse for Provisions 065.jpg the Staff of a Government Officer in The Time Of The Memphite Dynasties 067.jpg The Crier Announces the Arrival of Five Registrars Of The Temple of King ÛsirnirÎ, Of the Vth Dynasty 068.jpg the Funeral Stele of The Tomb Of Amten, The "grand Huntsman." 072.jpg Statue of Amten, Found in his Tomb 075.jpg Plan of the Villa Of a Great Egyptian Noble 077.jpg Hunting With the Boomerang and Fishing With The Double Harpoon in a Marsh Or Pool 078.jpg Prince Api, Borne in a Palanquin, Inspects His Funerary Domain 079.jpg a Dwarf Playing With Cynocephali and A Tame Ibis 080.jpg in a Nile Boat 092.jpg Some of the Military Athletic Exercises 095.jpg War-dance Performed by Egyptian Soldiers Before A Battle 098.jpg Two Blacksmiths Working the Bellows 099.jpg Stone-cutters Finishing the Dressing of Limestone Blocks 101.jpg a Workshop of Shoemakers Manufacturing Sandals 101.jpg the Baker Making his Bread and Placing It in The Oven 103.jpg the House of a Great Egyptian Lord 104.jpg Plan of a Part Of the Ancient Town Of Kahun 105.jpg Stele of SÎtÛ, Representing the Front Of a House 106.jpg a Street in the Higher Quarter of Modern SiÛt 107.jpg a Hall With Columns in One of the Xiith Dynasty Houses at Gurob 108a.jpg Wooden Head-rest 108b.jpg Pigeon on Wheels 109.jpg Apparatus for Striking a Light 110.jpg Mitral Paintings in the Ruins of an Ancient House At Kahun 111.jpg Woman Grinding Grain 114.jpg Two Women Weaving Linen at a Horizantal Loom 118.jpg One of the Forms Of Egyptian Scales 118b.jpg Scenes in a Bazaar 123.jpg Part of the Modern Village Of Karnak, to The West Of the Temple of ApÎt 125.jpg a Boundary Stele 128.jpg the Levying of The Tax: The Taxpayer in The Scribe's Office 130.jpg Levying the Tax: The Taxpayer in The Hands of The Exactors 131.jpg Levying the Tax: The Bastinado 132.jpg Collosal Statue of a King 136.jpg Colored Sculptures in the Palace 142a.jpg Two FellahÎn Work the Shadouf in a Garden 142b.jpg Cutting and Carrying the Harvest 147.jpg a Flock of Goats and the Song Of A Goatherd 148.jpg Tailpiece 149.jpg Page Image 150.jpg Page Image 151.jpg Page Image 154.jpg Map Sinaitic Peninsular, Time of Memphite Empire 156.jpg A Barbarian MonÎti from Sinai 157.jpg Two Refuge Towers of the HirÛ-shÂÎtÛ, in The Wady BÎar 159.jpg View of the Oasis Of Wady FeÎkÂn in The Peninsula Of Sinai 163.jpg the Mining Works of Wady Maghara 164.jpg the High Castle of The Miners—haÎt-qaÎt—at The Confluence of Wady Genneh and Wady Maghara 167.jpg the Pyramid of MêdÛm 171.jpg the Court and The Two StelÆ of The Chapel Adjoining the Pyramid of MêdÛm 173.jpg NofkÎt, Lady of MêdÛm 176.jpg the Triumphal Bas-reliefs of Kheops on The Rocks Of Wady Maghara 176b.jpg Profile of Head Of a Mummy, (a Man) Thebes 177.jpg Pyramids of Gizeh 179.jpg KhÛÎt, the Great Pyramid of GÎzeh, The Sphinx, And the Temple of The Sphinx 181a.jpg the Movable Flagstone at The Entrance to The Great Pyramid 181b.jpg the Interior of The Great Pyramid 183.jpg the Ascending Passage of The Great Pyramid 187.jpg the Name of Kheops Drawn in Red on Several Blocks Of the Great Pyramid 188.jpg Alabaster Statue of Khephren 188b.jpg the Pyramid of Khephren 192.jpg Diorite Statue of MenraÛrÏ 194.jpg the Coffin of Mykerinos 196.jpg the Granite Sarcophagus of Mykerinos 198.jpg Diorite Statue of Khephren, GÎzeu Museum 208.jpg Map Oleander Lower 211.jpg Table of the IVth Dynasty 215.jpg Table of Pharaohs Of the Vth Dynasty 210.jpg Statue in Rose-coloured Granite of the Pharaoh AnÛ, in the GÎzeh Museum 217.jpg Triumphal Bas-relief of Pharaoh SahÛrÛ, on The Rocks of Wady Magharah. 219.jpg Passenger Vessel Under Sail 223.jpg Map of Nubia in the Time Of The Memphite Empire 225.jpg Head of an Inhabitant Of PÛanÎt 234a.jpg Avenue of Sphinxes—karnak 236.jpg One of the Wooden Panels Of Hosi, in The GÎzeh Museum 237.jpg a Sculptor's Studio, and Egyptian Painters At Work 238.jpg Cellarer Coating a Jar With Pitch 239.jpg Baker Kneading his Dough 241.jpg the Sheikh-el Beled in The Gizeh Museum 242.jpg the Kneeling Scribe in The Gizeh Museum 246.jpg Peasant Going to Market 247.jpg Kofir, the Director of Granaries 249.jpg Bas-relief in Ivory 252.jpg Stele of the Daughter Of Kheops 253.jpg the Pharaoh MenkauhorÛ 255.jpg the Mastabat-el-faraun, Looking Towards The West Façade 265.jpg the Island of Elephantine 266.jpg the Island of Elephantine Seen from The Ruins Of Syenne 267.jpg the First Cataract 269.jpg Small Wady, Five Hours Beyond Ed-doueÎg, on The Road to the Red Sea 270.jpg the Rocks of The Island Of Sehêl, With Some Of The Votive Inscriptions 275.jpg the Mountain of Aswan and The Tombs Of The Princes of Elephantine 278.jpg HirkhÛf Receiving Posthumous Homage at the Door Of his Tomb from His Son 282.jpg Head of the Mummy Of Metesouphis I 283.jpg Plan of the Pyramid Of Unas 284.jpg the Sepulchral Chamber in The Pyramid of Unas, And his Sarcophaous 286.jpg the Entrance to The Pyramid of Unas at SaqqÀra 289.jpg Table of the Dates Of The Kings Vith Dynasty 293.jpg Page Image 294.jpg Page Image 295.jpg Page Image 297.jpg Map, the Fayum 298.jpg Flat-bottomed Vessel of Bronze Open-work Bearing The Cartouches of Pharaoh KhÎti I 300.jpg Part of the Walls Of El-kab on The Northern Side 302.jpg the Second Fortress of Abydos—the ShÛnet-ez-zebÎb—as Seen from the East 304.jpg Attack Upon an Egyptian Fortress by Troops Of Various Arms 306.jpg Denderah—temple of Tentyra 306-text.jpg—temple of Tentyra 309.jpg Map, Plain of Thebes 310.jpg Map, the Principality of SiÛt 311.jpg the Heavy Infantry of The Princes Of SiÛt, Armed With Lance and Buckler 313.jpg Palette Inscribed With the Name of MirikarÎ 314.jpg the Brick Pyramid of AntÛfÂa, at Thebes 318.jpg the Pharaoh Monthotpu Receiving The Homage of His Successor—antue—in the Shat Er-rigeleh. 325.jpg an Asiatic Chief is Presented to KhnÛmhotpÛ By Nofirhoptu, and by Khiti, the Superintendent of The Huntsmen 326.jpg Some of the Band Of Asiatics, With Their Beasts, Brought from KhnÛmhotpÛ 327.jpg the Women Passing by in Procession, In Charge Of A Warrior and of a Man Playing Upon the Lyre 334.jpg Plan of the Temple Of Sarbut El Khadim 335.jpg the Ruins of The Temple Of Hathor 338.jpg Map 344.jpg One of The Façades Of the Fortress Of Kubban 345.jpg the Second Cataract Between Hamkeh and Wady Halfa 346.jpg the Second Cataract at Low Nile 349.jpg the Triumphal Stele of Usirtasen I. 351.jpg the Rapids of The Nile at Semneh, and The Two Fortresses Built by Usirtasen Iii 353.jpg the Channel of The Nile Between The Two Fortresses of Semneh and Kummeh 355.jpg KÛshite Prisoners Brought to Egypt 362.jpg the Routes Leading from The Nile to The Red Sea, Between Koptos and Kosseir. 372.jpg the Statue of Nofrit 376.jpg One of the Tanis Sphinxes in The GÎzeh Museum 381.jpg the Obelisk of Ûsirtasen I., Still Standing In The Plain of Heliopolis 384.jpg Usirtasen I. Of Abydos 385.jpg a Part of the Ancient Sacred Lake Of Osiris Near The Temple of Abydos 386.jpg the Site of The Ancient Heracleopolis 387.jpg SobkÛ, the God of The FayÛm, Under The Form Of A Sacred Crocodile 388.jpg the Remains of The Obelisk Of Begig 389.jpg the Ruined Pedestal of One Of The Colossi Of BiahmÛ 390.jpg a View in the FayÛm In The Neighbourhood of The Village of FidemÎn 391.jpg the Court of The Small Temple 392.jpg the Shores of The Birket-kerun Near The Embouchure of the Wady Nazleh 393.jpg the Two Pyramids of The Xiith Dynasty at Lisht 394.jpg Painting at the Entrance of The Fifth Tomb 395.jpg Pectoral Ornament of Usirtasen Iii 396.jpg the Pyramid of Illahun, at The Entrance Of The Fa.Ûm 399.jpg the Mountain of Silt With The Tombs Of The Princes 401.jpg Map of Principality Of the Gazelle 405.jpg the Modern Cemetery of Zawyet El-meiyetÎn 408.jpg the Tombs of Princes Of The Gazelle-nome At Beni-hasan 410.jpg the Colossal Statue of King Sovkhotpu in The Louvre 414.jpg Statue of HarsÛf in the Vienna Museum 415.jpg Statue of SovkhotpÛ Iii. 417.jpg One of the Overturned and Broken Statues Of MirmasiiaÛ at Tanis Volume III. CONTENTS CHAPTER I—ANCIENT CHALDÆA CHAPTER II—THE TEMPLES AND THE GODS OF CHALDÆA CHAPTER III—CHALDÆAN CIVILIZATION APPENDIX—THE PHARAOHS OF THE ANCIENT AND MIDDLE EMPIRES List of Illustrations Frontispiece.jpg El Hammam (the Bath) 006.jpg One of the Eagle-headed Genii. 009.jpg Bel-merodach, Armed With the Thunderbolt, Does Battle With the Tumultuous Tiamat. 011.jpg a Kufa Laden With Stones, and Manned by A Crew Of Four Men. 012.jpg the World As Conceived by The ChaldÆans 017.jpg a God-fish 025.jpg Gigantic ChaldÆan Reeds 027.jpg the Marshes About The Confluence of The Kerkha And Tigris. 030.jpg the Gathering of The Spathes Of The Male Palm Tree 032.jpg a Winged Genius Holding in his Hand the Spathe Of The Male Date-palm. 033.jpg the Heavily Maned Lion Wounded by an Arrow And Vomiting Blood. 034.jpg the Urus in Act of Charging 035.jpg a Herd of Onagers Pursued by Dogs and Wounded By Arrows. 036.jpg the Chief Domestic Animals Op The Regions of The Euphrates. 037.jpg the Sow and Her Litter Making Their Way Through A Bed of Reeds. 040.jpg Map of ChaldÆa 042.jpg Two Fish-like Deities of the ChaldÆans. 045.jpg Page With One of the Tablets Of The Deluge Series. 048.jpg Shamashnapishtim Shut Into the Ark. 051.jpg the JudÎ Mountains Sometimes Identified With Tub Ntsib Mountains. 057.jpg Gilgames Strangles a Lion. 060.jpg Gilgames Fights, on the Left With a Bull, On The Right With Eabani. 068.jpg Gilgames and Eabani Fighting With Monsters. 071.jpg the Scorpion-men of The Mountains Of MÂshu. 073.jpg Gilgames and Arad-ea Navigating Their Vessel. 082.jpg Gilgames Struggles With a Lion 084.jpg Chronologic Table 085.jpg Table 086.jpg Table 087.jpg Table 96.jpg the Seal of Shargani-shar-ali: Gilgames Waters The Celestial Ox. 096a.jpg Painting in Color of Charioteer 097.jpg Page Image 098.jpg Page Image: the Arms Op The City and Kings Of Lagash 099.jpg Fragment of Bas-relief by UrninÂ, King Of Lagash. 101.jpg Idingiranagin Holding the Totem of Lagash. 102.jpg Idingiranagin in his Chariot Leading His Troops. 103.jpg Page Image. Vultures Feeding Upon the Dead. 104.jpg Piling up the Mound of The Dead After The Battle. 105.jpg King Urnina and his Family. 108.jpg the Sacrifice 109.jpg Sitting Statue of Gudea 111.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Mughîer 112.jpg Statues from Telloh. And Head of One Of The Statue of Gudea. 114.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Abu-shahreyn 115.jpg an Arab Crossing the Tigris in a "kufa." 117.jpg an Assyrian Kelek Laden With Building-stone. 001.jpg El Hammam (the Bath) 124.jpg Chapter II 126.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Wakka 128.jpg a ChaldÆan Stamped Brick. 134.jpg the Temple of Nannar at Uru, Approximately Restored. 135.jpg the Temple of Uru in Its Present State, According To Taylor 136.jpg Further View of the Temple Of Uru 137.jpg Lion-headed Genius. 138.jpg the South-west Wind 141.jpg Sin Delivered by Merodach from the Assault of The Seven Evil Spirits. 142.jpg Struggle Between a Good and an Evil Genius. 145.jpg the God Ningibsu, Patron of Lagash. 152.jpg the Adoration of The Mace and The Whip. 153.jpg a Protecting Amulet. 169.jpg the God Sun Receives The Homage of Two Worshippers. 170.jpg Shamash Sets Out, in the Morning, from The Interior of the Heaven by The Eastern Gate. 171.jpg Shamash in his Shrine, His Emblem Before Him On The Altar. 173.jpg Ishtar Holding Her Star Before Sin. 177.jpg the Birds of The Tempest 178.jpg Ramman Armed With an Axe. 179.jpg Ramman, the God of Tempests and Thunder. 186.jpg Shamash Fights With zu and the Storm Birds. 186a.jpg the Plenisphere Taken from The Temple Of Tentyra 186b.jpg Text of the Plenisphere 190.jpg Ishtar As a Warrior-goddess 191.jpg Nebo 203.jpg a Votary Led to the God To Receive The Reward Of The Sacrifice 204.jpg the Sacrifice: a Goat Presented to Ishtar. 205.jpg the God Shamash Seizes With his Left Hand The Smoke of the Sacrifice. 208.jpg Decorated Wrappings from a Mummy (color) 209.jpg Chald.an Coffin in the Form of a Jar 209a.jpg a Vaulted Tomb in Uru 210.jpg ChaldÆan Tomb With Domed Roof. 111.jpg Chaldean Tomb With Flat Roof. 213.jpg the Interior of The Tomb 220.jpg the Goddess Allat Passes Through The Nether Regions in Her Bark. 221.jpg Nergal, the God of Hades; Back View. 226.jpg Ishtar Despoiled of Her Garments in Hades 229.jpg Dumuzi Rejuvenated on the Knees of Ishtar. 233.jpg Etana Carried to Heaven by an Eagle. 230.jpg Endplate 239.jpg Chapter III. 244.jpg the King Urnina Bearing The "kufa." 248.jpg the Plan of a Palace Built by Gudea. 249.jpg Terra-cotta Barrel-right 250.jpg Plan of the Existing Buildings Of Telloh. 251.jpg Decoration of Coloured Cones on the Façade at Uruk 252.jpg Pilasters of the Facade Of Gudea's Palace 255.jpg Stone Socket of One Of the Doors in The Palace Of Gudea.( Right) 258.jpg Stand of Black Stone from the Palace Of Telloh. 262.jpg Female Servant Bare to the Waist.(left) 262.jpg Costume of a ChaldÆn Lady (right) 266.jpg a Soldier Bringing Prisoners and Spoil. 268.jpg Manuscript on Papyrus in Heiroglyphics 271.jpg Page Image 272.jpg Page Image 274.jpg Page Image 276.jpg Tables 279.jpg the Tablet of Tell-sifr, Broken to Show The Two Texts. 280.jpg Tablet Bearing the Impress of a Seal 294.jpg an Egyptian Slave Merchant 208a.jpg Chaldean Houses at Uru. 208b Plans of Houses Excavated at Eridu and Ubu. 300.jpg ChaldÆan Household Utensils in Terra-cotta 311a.jpg ChaldÆan Stone Implements. 311b.jpg ChaldÆan Stone Hammer Bearing an Inscription. 312.jpg ChaldÆn Implements of Bronze 313.jpg Vase of Silver. And Bull Of Copper. 315.jpg ChaldÆan Cylinder Exhibiting Traces of The Different Tools Used by the Engraver 318.jpg Egyptian Manuscript 318-text.jpg Egyptian Manuscript 322.jpg the Michaux Stone (left) 323.jpg the Other Side of The Michaux Stone (right) 324.jpg Two Rows of Shadufs on the Bank Of a River. 325.jpg ChaldÆan Farming Operations. 327.jpg the Farm Oxen 329a.jpg Cooking: a Quarrel. 329b.jpg Scenes of Pastoral Life in ChaldÆa. 330.jpg Fight With a Lion 331.jpg the Dog in Tub Leash 332.jpg ChaldÆan Carrying a Fish. (left) 333.jpg the Onager Taken With The Lasso. 337.jpg Page Image 340.jpg ChaldÆan Map of the World. 341.jpg Astronomical Table 352.jpg a ChaldÆan Amulet. 354.jpg Magic Nail of Terra Cotta 355.jpg Egyptian Cornice Bearing the Cartouches of Ramses I. 357.jpg Lists of the Pharaohs Of The Ancient Empire 358.jpg Lists on the Monuments 359.jpg Lists on the Monuments 360.jpg Lists on the Monuments 361.jpg Lists on the Monuments 362.jpg Tailpiece