The Project Gutenberg EBook of Historical Record of the Third, Or the King's Own Regiment of Light Dragoons, by Richard Cannon This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. Title: Historical Record of the Third, Or the King's Own Regiment of Light Dragoons Containing an Account of the Formation of the Regiment in 1685, and of Its Subsequent Services to 1846. Author: Richard Cannon Release Date: November 10, 2015 [EBook #50421] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KING'S OWN REGIMENT LIGHT DRAGOONS *** Produced by Richard Tonsing, Brian Coe and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was created from images of public domain material made available by the University of Toronto Libraries (http://link.library.utoronto.ca/booksonline/).) [Pg i] HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE THIRD, OR THE KING'S OWN REGIMENT OF LIGHT DRAGOONS: CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT IN 1685, AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES TO 1846. COMPILED BY RICHARD CANNON, Esq., ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, HORSE GUARDS. ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES. ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES. LONDON: PARKER, FURNIVALL, & PARKER, 30, CHARING CROSS. M DCCC XLVII. LONDON: Printed by W. CLOWES and SONS, Stamford Street, For Her Majesty's Stationery Office. [Pg ii] [Pg iii] GENERAL ORDERS. HORSE GUARDS, 1st January, 1836. HIS MAJESTY HAS BEEN PLEASED TO COMMAND, THAT, WITH A VIEW OF DOING THE FULLEST JUSTICE TO REGIMENTS, AS WELL AS TO INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE DISTINGUISHED THEMSELVES BY THEIR BRAVERY IN ACTION WITH THE ENEMY, AN ACCOUNT OF THE SERVICES OF EVERY REGIMENT IN THE BRITISH ARMY SHALL BE PUBLISHED UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE AND DIRECTION OF THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL; and that this Account shall contain the following particulars, viz., ---- THE PERIOD AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE ORIGINAL FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT; THE STATIONS AT WHICH IT HAS BEEN FROM TIME TO TIME EMPLOYED; THE BATTLES, SIEGES, AND OTHER MILITARY OPERATIONS, IN WHICH IT HAS BEEN ENGAGED, PARTICULARLY SPECIFYING ANY ACHIEVEMENT IT MAY HAVE PERFORMED, AND THE COLOURS, TROPHIES, &C., IT MAY HAVE CAPTURED FROM THE Enemy. ---- THE NAMES OF THE OFFICERS, AND THE NUMBER OF NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND PRIVATES, KILLED OR WOUNDED BY the Enemy, specifying the Place and Date of the Action. ---- THE NAMES OF THOSE OFFICERS, WHO, IN CONSIDERATION OF THEIR GALLANT SERVICES AND MERITORIOUS CONDUCT IN ENGAGEMENTS WITH THE ENEMY, HAVE BEEN DISTINGUISHED WITH TITLES, MEDALS, OR OTHER MARKS OF HIS MAJESTY'S GRACIOUS favour. ---- THE NAMES OF ALL SUCH OFFICERS, NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND PRIVATES AS MAY HAVE SPECIALLY SIGNALIZED themselves in Action. And, ---- THE BADGES AND DEVICES WHICH THE REGIMENT MAY HAVE BEEN PERMITTED TO BEAR, AND THE CAUSES ON ACCOUNT OF which such Badges or Devices, or any other Marks of Distinction, have been granted. By Command of the Right Honourable GENERAL LORD HILL, Commanding-in-Chief. JOHN MACDONALD. Adjutant-General. [Pg iv] [Pg v] PREFACE. THE CHARACTER AND CREDIT OF THE BRITISH ARMY MUST CHIEFLY DEPEND UPON THE ZEAL AND ARDOUR BY WHICH ALL WHO ENTER INTO ITS SERVICE ARE ANIMATED, AND CONSEQUENTLY IT IS OF THE HIGHEST IMPORTANCE THAT ANY MEASURE CALCULATED TO EXCITE THE SPIRIT of emulation, by which alone great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted. NOTHING CAN MORE FULLY TEND TO THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THIS DESIRABLE OBJECT THAN A FULL DISPLAY OF THE NOBLE DEEDS WITH WHICH THE MILITARY HISTORY OF OUR COUNTRY ABOUNDS. TO HOLD FORTH THESE BRIGHT EXAMPLES TO THE IMITATION OF THE YOUTHFUL SOLDIER, AND THUS TO INCITE HIM TO EMULATE THE MERITORIOUS CONDUCT OF THOSE WHO HAVE PRECEDED HIM IN THEIR HONOURABLE career, are among the motives that have given rise to the present publication. THE OPERATIONS OF THE BRITISH TROOPS ARE, INDEED, ANNOUNCED IN THE "LONDON GAZETTE," FROM WHENCE THEY ARE TRANSFERRED INTO THE PUBLIC PRINTS: THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF OUR ARMIES ARE THUS MADE KNOWN AT THE TIME OF THEIR OCCURRENCE, AND RECEIVE THE TRIBUTE OF PRAISE AND ADMIRATION TO WHICH THEY ARE ENTITLED. ON EXTRAORDINARY OCCASIONS, THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT HAVE BEEN IN THE HABIT OF CONFERRING ON THE COMMANDERS, AND THE OFFICERS AND TROOPS ACTING UNDER THEIR ORDERS, EXPRESSIONS OF APPROBATION AND OF THANKS FOR THEIR SKILL AND BRAVERY; AND THESE TESTIMONIALS, CONFIRMED BY THE HIGH honour of their Sovereign's approbation, constitute the reward which the soldier most highly prizes. IT HAS NOT, HOWEVER, UNTIL LATE YEARS, BEEN THE PRACTICE (WHICH APPEARS TO HAVE LONG PREVAILED IN SOME OF THE CONTINENTAL ARMIES) FOR BRITISH REGIMENTS TO KEEP REGULAR RECORDS OF THEIR SERVICES AND ACHIEVEMENTS. HENCE SOME DIFFICULTY HAS BEEN EXPERIENCED IN OBTAINING, PARTICULARLY FROM THE OLD REGIMENTS, AN AUTHENTIC ACCOUNT OF THEIR ORIGIN AND SUBSEQUENT services. THIS DEFECT WILL NOW BE REMEDIED, IN CONSEQUENCE OF HIS MAJESTY HAVING BEEN PLEASED TO COMMAND THAT EVERY Regiment shall in future keep a full and ample record of its services at home and abroad. FROM THE MATERIALS THUS COLLECTED, THE COUNTRY WILL HENCEFORTH DERIVE INFORMATION AS TO THE DIFFICULTIES AND PRIVATIONS WHICH CHEQUER THE CAREER OF THOSE WHO EMBRACE THE MILITARY PROFESSION. IN GREAT BRITAIN, WHERE SO LARGE A NUMBER OF PERSONS ARE DEVOTED TO THE ACTIVE CONCERNS OF AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURES, AND COMMERCE, AND WHERE THESE PURSUITS HAVE, FOR SO LONG A PERIOD, BEEN UNDISTURBED BY THE presence of war, WHICH FEW OTHER COUNTRIES HAVE ESCAPED, COMPARATIVELY LITTLE IS KNOWN OF THE VICISSITUDES OF ACTIVE SERVICE, AND OF THE CASUALTIES OF CLIMATE, TO WHICH, EVEN DURING PEACE, THE British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, with little or no interval of repose. IN THEIR TRANQUIL ENJOYMENT OF THE BLESSINGS WHICH THE COUNTRY DERIVES FROM THE INDUSTRY AND THE ENTERPRISE OF THE AGRICULTURIST AND THE TRADER, ITS HAPPY INHABITANTS MAY BE SUPPOSED NOT OFTEN TO REFLECT ON THE PERILOUS DUTIES OF THE soldier and the sailor,—on THEIR SUFFERINGS,—AND ON THE SACRIFICE OF VALUABLE LIFE, BY WHICH SO MANY NATIONAL BENEFITS ARE obtained and preserved. THE CONDUCT OF THE BRITISH TROOPS, THEIR VALOUR, AND ENDURANCE, HAVE SHONE CONSPICUOUSLY UNDER GREAT AND TRYING DIFFICULTIES; AND THEIR CHARACTER HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED IN CONTINENTAL WARFARE BY THE IRRESISTIBLE SPIRIT WITH WHICH THEY HAVE EFFECTED DEBARKATIONS IN SPITE OF THE MOST FORMIDABLE OPPOSITION, AND BY THE GALLANTRY AND STEADINESS WITH WHICH THEY have maintained their advantages against superior numbers. IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS MADE BY THE RESPECTIVE COMMANDERS, AMPLE JUSTICE HAS GENERALLY BEEN DONE TO THE GALLANT EXERTIONS OF THE CORPS EMPLOYED; BUT THE DETAILS OF THEIR SERVICES, AND OF ACTS OF INDIVIDUAL BRAVERY, CAN ONLY BE FULLY given in the Annals of the various Regiments. THESE RECORDS ARE NOW PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION, UNDER HIS MAJESTY'S SPECIAL AUTHORITY, BY MR. RICHARD CANNON, PRINCIPAL CLERK OF THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE; AND WHILE THE PERUSAL OF THEM CAN NOT FAIL TO BE USEFUL AND INTERESTING TO MILITARY MEN OF EVERY RANK, IT IS CONSIDERED THAT THEY WILL ALSO AFFORD ENTERTAINMENT AND INFORMATION TO THE GENERAL READER, particularly to those who may have served in the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. THERE EXISTS IN THE BREASTS OF MOST OF THOSE WHO HAVE SERVED, OR ARE SERVING, IN THE ARMY, AN Esprit de Corps —AN ATTACHMENT TO EVERYTHING BELONGING TO THEIR REGIMENT; TO SUCH PERSONS A NARRATIVE OF THE SERVICES OF THEIR OWN CORPS CANNOT FAIL TO PROVE INTERESTING. AUTHENTIC ACCOUNTS OF THE ACTIONS OF THE GREAT, THE VALIANT, THE LOYAL, HAVE ALWAYS BEEN OF PARAMOUNT INTEREST WITH A BRAVE AND CIVILIZED PEOPLE. GREAT BRITAIN HAS PRODUCED A RACE OF HEROES WHO, IN MOMENTS OF DANGER AND TERROR, HAVE STOOD "FIRM AS THE ROCKS OF THEIR NATIVE SHORE;" AND WHEN HALF THE WORLD HAS BEEN ARRAYED AGAINST THEM, THEY HAVE FOUGHT THE BATTLES OF THEIR COUNTRY WITH UNSHAKEN FORTITUDE. IT IS PRESUMED THAT A RECORD OF achievements in war,—victories so complete and surprising, gained by our countrymen, our brothers, our fellow-citizens IN ARMS,—A RECORD WHICH REVIVES THE MEMORY OF THE BRAVE, AND BRINGS THEIR GALLANT DEEDS BEFORE US, WILL CERTAINLY PROVE acceptable to the public. BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS OF THE COLONELS AND OTHER DISTINGUISHED OFFICERS WILL BE INTRODUCED IN THE RECORDS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE REGIMENTS, AND THE HONORARY DISTINCTIONS WHICH HAVE, FROM TIME TO TIME, BEEN CONFERRED UPON EACH Regiment, as testifying the value and importance of its services, will be faithfully set forth. As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment will be printed in a distinct number, so that when the whole shall be completed, the Parts may be bound up in numerical succession. [Pg vi] [Pg vii] [Pg viii] [Pg ix] [Pg x] [Pg xi] INTRODUCTION. THE ANCIENT ARMIES OF ENGLAND WERE COMPOSED OF HORSE AND FOOT; BUT THE FEUDAL TROOPS ESTABLISHED BY WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR IN 1086, CONSISTED ALMOST ENTIRELY OF HORSE. UNDER THE FEUDAL SYSTEM, EVERY HOLDER OF LAND AMOUNTING TO WHAT WAS TERMED A "KNIGHT'S FEE," WAS REQUIRED TO PROVIDE A CHARGER, A COAT OF MAIL, A HELMET, A SHIELD, AND A LANCE, AND TO SERVE THE CROWN A PERIOD OF FORTY DAYS IN EACH YEAR AT HIS OWN EXPENSE; AND THE GREAT LANDHOLDERS HAD TO PROVIDE ARMED MEN IN PROPORTION TO THE EXTENT OF THEIR ESTATES; CONSEQUENTLY THE RANKS OF THE FEUDAL CAVALRY WERE COMPLETED with men of property, and the vassals and tenants of the great barons, who led their dependents to the field in person. IN THE SUCCEEDING REIGNS THE CAVALRY OF THE ARMY WAS COMPOSED OF KNIGHTS (OR MEN AT ARMS) AND HOBILIERS (OR HORSEMEN OF INFERIOR DEGREE); AND THE INFANTRY OF SPEARS AND BATTLE-AXE MEN, CROSS-BOWMEN, AND ARCHERS. THE KNIGHTS wore ARMOUR ON EVERY PART OF THE BODY, AND THEIR WEAPONS WERE A LANCE, A SWORD, AND A SMALL DAGGER. THE HOBILIERS WERE ACCOUTRED AND ARMED FOR THE LIGHT AND LESS IMPORTANT SERVICES OF WAR, AND WERE NOT CONSIDERED QUALIFIED FOR A CHARGE IN LINE. MOUNTED ARCHERS [1] WERE ALSO INTRODUCED, AND THE ENGLISH NATION EVENTUALLY BECAME PREEMINENT IN THE use of the bow. ABOUT THE TIME OF QUEEN MARY THE APPELLATION OF " Men at Arms" WAS CHANGED TO THAT OF " Spears AND Launces." THE INTRODUCTION OF FIRE-ARMS ULTIMATELY OCCASIONED THE LANCE TO FALL INTO DISUSE, AND THE TITLE OF THE HORSEMEN OF THE FIRST DEGREE WAS CHANGED TO "Cuirassiers." THE CUIRASSIERS WERE ARMED cap-à-pié, AND THEIR WEAPONS WERE A SWORD WITH A STRAIGHT NARROW BLADE AND SHARP POINT, AND A PAIR OF LARGE PISTOLS, CALLED PETRONELS; AND THE HOBILIERS CARRIED CARBINES. THE INFANTRY CARRIED PIKES, MATCHLOCKS, AND SWORDS. THE INTRODUCTION OF FIRE-ARMS OCCASIONED THE FORMATION OF REGIMENTS ARMED AND EQUIPPED AS INFANTRY, BUT MOUNTED ON SMALL HORSES FOR THE SAKE OF EXPEDITION OF MOVEMENT, AND THESE WERE STYLED " Dragoons;" A SMALL PORTION OF THE MILITARY FORCE OF THE KINGDOM, HOWEVER, CONSISTED OF THIS description of troops. THE FORMATION OF THE PRESENT ARMY COMMENCED AFTER THE RESTORATION IN 1660, WITH THE ESTABLISHMENT OF REGULAR CORPS OF HORSE AND FOOT; THE HORSEMEN WERE CUIRASSIERS, BUT ONLY WORE ARMOUR ON THE HEAD AND BODY; AND THE FOOT WERE PIKEMEN AND MUSKETEERS. THE ARMS WHICH EACH DESCRIPTION OF FORCE CARRIED, ARE DESCRIBED IN THE FOLLOWING EXTRACT FROM the "Regulations of King Charles II.," dated 5th May, 1663:— "EACH HORSEMAN TO HAVE FOR HIS DEFENSIVE ARMES, BACK, BREAST, AND POT; AND FOR HIS OFFENSIVE ARMES, A SWORD, AND A CASE OF PISTOLLS, THE BARRELS WHEREOF ARE NOT TO BE UND r. FOORTEEN INCHES IN LENGTH; AND EACH TROOPER OF OUR GUARDS TO HAVE A CARBINE BESIDES THE AFORESAID ARMES. AND THE FOOTE TO HAVE EACH SOLDIER A SWORD, AND EACH PIKEMAN A PIKE OF 16 foote long and not undr.; AND EACH MUSQUETEER A MUSQUET WITH A COLLAR OF BANDALIERS, THE BARRELL OF WHICH MUSQUET TO be about foor foote long and to conteine a bullet, foorteen of which shall weigh a pound weight[2]." THE RANKS OF THE TROOPS OF HORSE WERE AT THIS PERIOD COMPOSED OF MEN OF SOME PROPERTY—GENERALLY THE SONS OF SUBSTANTIAL YEOMEN: THE YOUNG MEN RECEIVED AS RECRUITS PROVIDED THEIR OWN HORSES, AND THEY WERE PLACED ON A RATE OF pay sufficient to give them a respectable station in society. On the breaking out of the war with Holland in the spring of 1672, a Regiment of Dragoons was raised[3]; the Dragoons WERE PLACED ON A LOWER RATE OF PAY THAN THE HORSE, AND THE REGIMENT WAS ARMED SIMILAR TO THE INFANTRY, EXCEPTING THAT A LIMITED NUMBER OF THE MEN CARRIED HALBERDS INSTEAD OF PIKES, AND THE OTHERS MUSKETS AND BAYONETS; AND A FEW MEN IN each troop had pistols; as appears by a warrant dated the 2nd of April, 1672, of which the following is an extract:— "CHARLES R. "OUR WILL AND PLEASURE IS, THAT A REGIMENT OF DRAGOONES WHICH WE HAVE ESTABLISHED AND ORDERED TO BE RAISED, IN TWELVE TROOPES OF FOURSCORE IN EACH BESIDE OFFICERS, WHO ARE TO BE UNDER THE COMMAND OF OUR MOST DEARE AND MOST INTIRELY BELOVED COUSIN PRINCE RUPERT, SHALL BE ARMED OUT OF OUR STOARES REMAINING WITHIN OUR OFFICE OF THE ORDINANCE, AS FOLLOWETH; THAT IS TO SAY, THREE CORPORALLS, TWO SERJEANTS, THE GENTLEMEN AT ARMES, AND TWELVE SOLDIERS OF EACH OF THE SAID TWELVE TROOPES, ARE TO HAVE AND CARRY EACH OF THEM ONE HALBARD, AND ONE CASE OF PISTOLLS WITH HOLSTERS; AND THE REST OF THE SOLDIERS OF THE SEVERAL TROOPES AFORESAID, ARE TO HAVE AND TO CARRY EACH OF THEM ONE MATCHLOCKE MUSQUET, WITH A COLLAR OF BANDALIERS, AND ALSO TO HAVE AND TO CARRY ONE BAYONET [4], OR GREAT KNIVE. THAT EACH LIEUTENANT HAVE AND CARRY ONE PARTIZAN; and that two drums be delivered out for each Troope of the said Regiment[5]." SEVERAL REGIMENTS OF HORSE AND DRAGOONS WERE RAISED IN THE FIRST YEAR OF THE REIGN OF KING JAMES II.; AND THE HORSEMEN CARRIED A SHORT CARBINE [6] IN ADDITION TO THE SWORD AND PAIR OF PISTOLS: AND IN A REGULATION DATED THE 21ST OF FEBRUARY, 1687, the arms of the Dragoons at that period were commanded to be as follows:— "THE DRAGOONS TO HAVE SNAPHANSE MUSQUETS, STRAPT, WITH BRIGHT BARRELS OF THREE FOOTE EIGHT INCHES LONG, CARTOUCH-BOXES, bayonetts, granado pouches, buckets, and hammer-hatchetts." AFTER SEVERAL YEARS' EXPERIENCE, LITTLE ADVANTAGE WAS FOUND TO ACCRUE FROM HAVING CAVALRY REGIMENTS FORMED ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY FOR ENGAGING THE ENEMY ON FOOT; AND, THE HORSE HAVING LAID ASIDE THEIR ARMOUR, THE ARMS AND EQUIPMENT OF HORSE AND DRAGOONS WERE SO NEARLY ASSIMILATED, THAT THERE REMAINED LITTLE DISTINCTION BESIDES THE NAME AND RATE OF PAY. THE INTRODUCTION OF IMPROVEMENTS INTO THE MOUNTING, ARMING, AND EQUIPMENT OF DRAGOONS RENDERED THEM COMPETENT TO [Pg xii] [Pg xiii] [Pg xiv] [Pg xv] [Pg xvi] THE PERFORMANCE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF SERVICE REQUIRED OF CAVALRY; AND, WHILE THE LONG MUSKET AND BAYONET WERE retained, to enable them to act as Infantry, if necessary, they were found to be equally efficient, and of equal value to the nation, as Cavalry, with the Regiments of Horse. IN THE SEVERAL AUGMENTATIONS MADE TO THE REGULAR ARMY AFTER THE EARLY PART OF THE REIGN OF QUEEN ANNE, NO NEW REGIMENTS OF HORSE WERE RAISED FOR PERMANENT SERVICE; AND IN 1746 KING GEORGE II. REDUCED THREE OF THE OLD REGIMENTS OF HORSE TO THE QUALITY AND PAY OF DRAGOONS; AT THE SAME TIME, HIS MAJESTY GAVE THEM THE TITLE OF FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD REGIMENTS OF Dragoon Guards: AND IN 1788 THE SAME ALTERATION WAS MADE IN THE REMAINING FOUR Regiments of Horse, which then became the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Regiments of Dragoon Guards. AT PRESENT THERE ARE ONLY THREE REGIMENTS WHICH ARE STYLED Horse IN THE BRITISH ARMY, NAMELY, THE TWO REGIMENTS OF LIFE GUARDS, AND THE ROYAL REGIMENT OF HORSE GUARDS, TO WHOM CUIRASSES HAVE RECENTLY BEEN RESTORED. THE OTHER CAVALRY REGIMENTS CONSIST OF DRAGOON GUARDS, HEAVY AND LIGHT DRAGOONS, HUSSARS, AND LANCERS; AND ALTHOUGH THE LONG MUSKET AND BAYONET HAVE BEEN LAID ASIDE BY THE WHOLE OF THE CAVALRY, AND THE REGIMENTS ARE ARMED AND EQUIPPED on the principle of the old Horse (excepting the cuirass), they continue to be styled Dragoons. THE OLD REGIMENTS OF HORSE FORMED A HIGHLY RESPECTABLE AND EFFICIENT PORTION OF THE ARMY, AND IT IS FOUND, ON PERUSING THE HISTORIES OF THE VARIOUS CAMPAIGNS IN WHICH THEY HAVE BEEN ENGAGED, THAT THEY HAVE, ON ALL OCCASIONS, MAINTAINED A HIGH CHARACTER FOR STEADINESS AND DISCIPLINE AS WELL AS FOR BRAVERY IN ACTION. THEY WERE FORMERLY MOUNTED ON HORSES OF SUPERIOR WEIGHT AND PHYSICAL POWER, AND FEW TROOPS COULD WITHSTAND A WELL-DIRECTED CHARGE OF THE CELEBRATED BRITISH HORSE. THE RECORDS OF THESE CORPS EMBRACE A PERIOD OF 150 YEARS—A PERIOD EVENTFUL IN HISTORY, AND ABOUNDING IN INSTANCES OF HEROISM DISPLAYED BY THE BRITISH TROOPS WHEN DANGER HAS THREATENED THE NATION,—A PERIOD IN WHICH THESE Regiments have numbered in their ranks men of loyalty, valour, and good conduct, worthy of imitation. SINCE THE REGIMENTS OF HORSE WERE FORMED INTO DRAGOON GUARDS, ADDITIONAL IMPROVEMENTS HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED INTO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE SEVERAL CORPS; AND THE SUPERIOR DESCRIPTION OF HORSES NOW BRED IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, ENABLES THE COMMANDING OFFICERS TO REMOUNT THEIR REGIMENTS WITH SUCH EXCELLENT HORSES, THAT, WHILST SUFFICIENT WEIGHT HAS BEEN RETAINED FOR A POWERFUL CHARGE IN LINE, A LIGHTNESS HAS BEEN ACQUIRED, WHICH RENDERS THEM AVAILABLE FOR EVERY DESCRIPTION of service incident to modern warfare. THE ORDERLY CONDUCT OF THESE REGIMENTS IN QUARTERS HAS GAINED THE CONFIDENCE AND ESTEEM OF THE RESPECTABLE INHABITANTS of the various parts of the United Kingdom in which they have been stationed; their promptitude and alacrity in attending TO THE REQUISITIONS OF THE MAGISTRATES IN PERIODS OF EXCITEMENT, AND THE TEMPER, PATIENCE, AND FORBEARANCE WHICH THEY HAVE EVINCED WHEN SUBJECTED TO GREAT PROVOCATION, INSULT, AND VIOLENCE FROM THE MISGUIDED POPULACE, PROVE THE VALUE OF these troops to the Crown, and to the Government of the country, and justify the reliance which is reposed on them. FOOTNOTES: In the 14th year of the reign of Edward IV. a small force was established in Ireland by Parliament, consisting of 120 Archers on horseback, 40 Horsemen, and 40 Pages. Military Papers, State Paper Office. This Regiment was disbanded after the Peace of 1674. This appears to be the first introduction of bayonets into the English Army. State Paper Office. The first issue of carbines to the regular Horse appears to have taken place in 1684; the Life Guards, however, carried carbines from their formation in 1660.—Vide the 'Historical Record of the Life Guards.' [Pg xvii] [Pg xviii] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [Pg xix] ON THE INSTITUTION OF LIGHT CAVALRY IN THE BRITISH ARMY. THE RECORDS OF THE MILITARY EVENTS OF THE REMOTE AGES SPEAK OF HEAVY-ARMED HORSEMEN BEING ACCOMPANIED BY OTHERS MOUNTED AND EQUIPPED FOR LIGHT SERVICES. THE BARONS AND KNIGHTS, WHO RODE THE POWERFUL HORSES CELEBRATED BY HISTORIANS, AND TOOK THE FIELD COMPLETELY CASED IN STEEL, HAD A FEW LIGHT-ARMED ATTENDANTS; THE FEUDAL HORSEMEN WERE VARIOUSLY ARMED; AND THE PRACTICE OF EMPLOYING LIGHT, AS WELL AS HEAVY CAVALRY, WAS ADOPTED, TO A LIMITED EXTENT, BY SEVERAL COMMANDERS OF ANTIQUITY. ARMOUR, PROOF AGAINST ARROW, LANCE, AND SWORD, AND MEN AND HORSES OF COLOSSAL APPEARANCE, IN WHOM THE GREATEST AMOUNT OF WEIGHT AND PHYSICAL POWER, CONSISTENT WITH A MODERATE SHARE OF ACTIVITY, COULD BE COMBINED, WERE HOWEVER HELD IN THE HIGHEST ESTIMATION; BUT EVENTUALLY THE GREAT ADVANTAGE OF HAVING A PORTION OF CAVALRY IN WHICH LIGHTNESS, ACTIVITY, AND CELERITY OF MOVEMENT, MIGHT FORM THE PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS, WAS DISCOVERED. THE INTRODUCTION OF FIRE-ARMS OCCASIONED ARMOUR TO BE GRADUALLY LAID ASIDE, OR LIMITED TO A FEW HEAVY HORSEMEN; SUPERIORITY OF WEIGHT WAS NO LONGER THOUGHT SO NECESSARY; AND IN THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES THE use of Light Cavalry became more general than formerly. DURING THE SEVENTY YEARS' WAR BETWEEN SPAIN AND THE UNITED PROVINCES OF THE NETHERLANDS, PRINCE MAURICE OF NASSAU (AFTERWARDS PRINCE OF ORANGE) SELECTED A FEW ENGLISH AND DUTCH HEAVY-ARMED LANCERS, AND CONSTITUTED THEM Carabineers, FOR SKIRMISHING, AND OTHER SERVICES OF A SIMILAR CHARACTER. THE EMPEROR OF GERMANY FORMED REGIMENTS OF HUNGARIAN Hussars, WHO WERE LIGHT MEN ON SMALL HORSES. THE CARABINEERS WERE OF AN INTERMEDIATE CLASS, BEING MUCH HEAVIER THAN THE HUSSARS, AND LIGHTER THAN THE ENGLISH LANCERS AND CUIRASSIERS, WHO RODE POWERFUL HORSES, AND WORE ARMOUR ON THE HEAD, BODY, AND LIMBS. THE FRENCH MONARCHS ADOPTED THE PRACTICE OF HAVING A FEW CARABINEERS IN EACH TROOP OF HORSE; AND, IN 1690, LOUIS XIV. ADDED A TROOP OF CARABINEERS TO EACH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. DURING THE CAMPAIGN OF 1691, THESE TROOPS FORMED A CARABINEER BRIGADE; BUT THEIR MOTLEY APPEARANCE, AND THE DEFECTS OF THE PLAN, OCCASIONED THEM TO BE CONSTITUTED A REGIMENT OF CARABINEERS, AND CLOTHED IN BLUE. IN 1693 THE FRENCH KING ADDED A regiment of Hussars to the Cavalry of his army.[7] IN ENGLAND THE SAME PRINCIPLE WAS PARTIALLY CARRIED OUT; THE HEAVY HORSE LAID ASIDE THEIR ARMOUR, EXCEPTING CUIRASSES; THEY WERE MOUNTED ON HORSES OF LESS WEIGHT THAN FORMERLY, AND THEY WERE SUPPLIED WITH CARBINES BY KING CHARLES II. IN 1685, KING JAMES II. RAISED SEVERAL INDEPENDENT TROOPS OF Light Horse, AND ONE OF THEM (SIR THOMAS BURTON'S) WAS RETAINED IN HIS SERVICE UNTIL THE REVOLUTION IN 1688, WHEN IT WAS DISBANDED. IN 1691-2 KING WILLIAM III. CONSTITUTED THE Seventh Regiment of Horse, now Sixth Dragoon Guards, a corps of Carabineers, as an honorary distinction, and for the PERFORMANCE OF SERVICES FOR WHICH THE OTHER REGIMENTS OF HORSE, BEING CUIRASSIERS, WERE NOT WELL ADAPTED. THE OBJECT WAS TO COMBINE WITH STRENGTH AND POWER A GREATER DEGREE OF ACTIVITY AND SPEED THAN WAS TO BE FOUND IN THE CAVALRY AT THAT PERIOD; AND HIS MAJESTY APPEARS TO HAVE CONTEMPLATED HAVING SEVERAL CORPS OF THIS DESCRIPTION IN HIS SERVICE, AS HE designated this the First Regiment of Carabineers; BUT NO SECOND REGIMENT WAS FORMED. [8] IN 1694 A TROOP OF FOREIGN Hussars formed part of the Army commanded by King William in Flanders.[9] DURING THE WARS OF QUEEN ANNE THE REGIMENT OF CARABINEERS WAS AGAIN SUPPLIED WITH CUIRASSES, AND WAS MOUNTED ON THE SAME DESCRIPTION OF HORSES AS THE OTHER REGIMENTS; RETAINING, HOWEVER, THE TITLE OF CARABINEERS. THE ACTIVITY, SIZE, WEIGHT, AND STRENGTH OF THE HORSES RIDDEN BY THE BRITISH CUIRASSIERS AND HEAVY DRAGOONS, WITH THE BRAVERY AND MUSCULAR POWERS OF THE MEN, ESTABLISHED THEIR SUPERIORITY IN CONTINENTAL WARFARE OVER THE CAVALRY OF OTHER NATIONS; THEY ACQUIRED GREAT CELEBRITY IN THE VALLEY OF THE DANUBE AND ON THE PLAINS OF THE NETHERLANDS, IN THE EARLY PART OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, UNDER THE RENOWNED JOHN DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH; AND AFTER THE PEACE OF UTRECHT, IN 1713, THE REPUTATION OF THE BRITISH HORSE AND DRAGOONS WAS SO HIGH THAT NO ALTERATION WAS THOUGHT NECESSARY, AND MANY YEARS ELAPSED WITHOUT ANY attempt being made to revive the practice of having either Carabineers, or Light Horse, in the British Army. THE GREAT UTILITY OF THE LIGHT CAVALRY OF THE CONTINENTAL ARMIES HAD, IN THE MEAN TIME, BECOME APPARENT. IMPROVEMENTS IN MILITARY TACTICS, AND IN THE ARMING AND EQUIPMENT OF CORPS, WERE TAKING PLACE IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES; AND A SPIRIT OF emulation extending itself to Great Britain, on the breaking out of the rebellion in 1745, his Grace the Duke of Montague EVINCED HIS LOYALTY AND PUBLIC SPIRIT BY RAISING A REGIMENT OF Carabineers FOR THE SERVICE OF KING GEORGE II.; AT THE SAME TIME, HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF KINGSTON, WITH EQUAL ZEAL AND GENEROSITY, RAISED, AT HIS OWN EXPENSE, A REGIMENT OF Light Horse. THE LATTER REGIMENT APPROXIMATED, IN THE LIGHTNESS OF THE MEN, HORSES, AND EQUIPMENT, TO THE HUSSARS OF the continental armies; the Duke of Montague's Carabineers were of a heavier description of Cavalry. AT THIS PERIOD THE OLD CAVALRY REGIMENTS RODE BLACK HORSES (EXCEPTING THE SCOTS GREYS) WITH DOCKED TAILS; BUT THE DUKE OF KINGSTON'S REGIMENT WAS MOUNTED ON LIGHT HORSES OF VARIOUS COLOURS, WITH SWISH OR NAG TAILS. THE ACCOUTREMENTS WERE AS LIGHT AS POSSIBLE: THE MEN CARRIED SHORT CARBINES SLUNG TO THEIR SIDES BY A MOVEABLE SWIVEL, pistols, and light swords inclined to a curve. THE USEFULNESS OF THE DUKE OF KINGSTON'S REGIMENT OF LIGHT HORSE WAS PROVED IN SCOTLAND, WHERE IT SERVED UNDER HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF CUMBERLAND, AND WAS FOUND QUALIFIED FOR EVERY DESCRIPTION OF SERVICE; THE LIGHT HORSES TRAVERSING HILLY GROUNDS WITH FACILITY. IT DISTINGUISHED ITSELF ON SEVERAL OCCASIONS, PARTICULARLY AT THE BATTLE OF CULLODEN, ON [Pg xx] [Pg xxi] [Pg xxii] [Pg xxiii] THE 16TH OF APRIL, 1746, WHEN IT CHARGED THE CLANS WITH SIGNAL GALLANTRY, AND EVINCED GREAT SPIRIT AND ACTIVITY IN THE PURSUIT OF THE REBEL ARMY UPWARDS OF THREE MILES FROM THE FIELD OF BATTLE. THE DUKE OF CUMBERLAND WAS HIGHLY PLEASED WITH ITS BEHAVIOUR DURING THE PERIOD IT WAS UNDER HIS COMMAND; AND THE CONDUCT OF THE LIGHT HORSE THROUGHOUT THE CONTEST reflected credit on the noble peer who had raised them. THE REBELLION BEING SUPPRESSED, THE REGIMENT WAS, IN CONSEQUENCE OF THE CONDITIONS ON WHICH THE MEN HAD ENLISTED, DIRECTED TO BE DISBANDED; BUT THE DUKE OF CUMBERLAND SO HIGHLY APPROVED OF ITS CONDUCT THAT HE OBTAINED PERMISSION TO embody as many of the men as would re-enlist, as his own Regiment of Light Dragoons. His Majesty's thanks and particular satisfaction were communicated to His Grace the Duke of Kingston, for his zeal and AFFECTION FOR HIS MAJESTY'S PERSON AND GOVERNMENT; AND HIS GRACE WAS DESIRED TO CONVEY TO THE OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS HIS MAJESTY'S HIGH SENSE OF THEIR LOYALTY, ACTIVITY, AND GALLANT BEHAVIOUR, AT A PERIOD OF NATIONAL DANGER. THE REGIMENT WAS AFTERWARDS DISBANDED AT NOTTINGHAM, AND NEARLY EVERY MAN ENGAGED IN THE REGIMENT OF LIGHT DRAGOONS, OF WHICH, as a signal mark of honour and distinction, His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland was appointed Colonel. THE DUKE OF CUMBERLAND'S LIGHT DRAGOONS WERE MOUNTED ON ACTIVE NAG-TAILED HORSES, FROM FOURTEEN AND A HALF TO FIFTEEN HANDS HIGH. THE MEN WERE FROM FIVE FEET EIGHT TO FIVE FEET NINE INCHES IN HEIGHT; AND THEIR EQUIPMENT WAS UPON A NEW AND LIGHT PLAN, BUT RETAINING THE COCKED HAT OF THE HEAVY DRAGOON PATTERN. THIS REGIMENT SERVED IN THE NETHERLANDS, WITH THE ARMY COMMANDED BY HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF CUMBERLAND: ITS GENERAL USEFULNESS WAS FULLY ESTABLISHED, AND IT DISTINGUISHED ITSELF AT THE BATTLE OF VAL, IN 1747. THE TREATY OF AIX-LA-CHAPELLE HAVING PUT AN END TO THE WAR, IT returned to England, and was disbanded in 1749. FROM THIS PERIOD THE VALUE OF LIGHT HORSEMEN WAS MORE APPRECIATED IN ENGLAND THAN FORMERLY; THE GENERAL UTILITY OF THIS ARM, ON HOME AND FOREIGN SERVICE, HAD BEEN FULLY PROVED; AND AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF HOSTILITIES WITH FRANCE, IN 1755, KING GEORGE II. RESOLVED TO POSSESS THE ADVANTAGE OF A BODY OF LIGHT CAVALRY IN THE APPROACHING CONTEST. HIS MAJESTY ACCORDINGLY COMMANDED a troop of Light Dragoons TO BE ADDED TO THE FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD REGIMENTS OF DRAGOON GUARDS, AND FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, FOURTH, SIXTH, SEVENTH, TENTH, AND ELEVENTH REGIMENTS OF DRAGOONS. THE FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, AND FOURTH IRISH HORSE (NOW FOURTH, FIFTH, SIXTH, AND SEVENTH DRAGOON GUARDS), AND THE FIFTH, EIGHTH, NINTH, TWELFTH, THIRTEENTH, AND FOURTEENTH DRAGOONS, BEING ON THE IRISH ESTABLISHMENT, DID NOT RECEIVE THE SAME addition. THESE TROOPS OF LIGHT DRAGOONS WERE MOUNTED, ARMED, EQUIPPED, AND TRAINED, ACCORDING TO SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS, CALCULATED TO RENDER THEM AVAILABLE FOR THE SERVICES FOR WHICH THEY WERE DESIGNED. SEVERAL OF THEM WERE REVIEWED IN HYDE PARK BY HIS MAJESTY; AND THEIR NEAT APPEARANCE, CELERITY OF MOVEMENT, AND THE SPIRITED AND EXACT MANNER IN which they performed their evolutions, were much admired. NINE OF THESE TROOPS WERE FORMED INTO A BRIGADE IN 1758, UNDER THE COMMAND OF ONE OF THE KING'S AIDES-DE-CAMP, COLONEL GEORGE AUGUSTUS ELIOTT, OF THE HORSE GRENADIER GUARDS; AND THEY WERE EMPLOYED IN THE EXPEDITIONS TO THE COAST OF FRANCE UNDER CHARLES DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH AND LIEUT.-GENERAL BLIGH. THEY LANDED IN FRANCE TWICE; SKIRMISHED WITH THE FRENCH CAVALRY; AND THROUGHOUT THESE ENTERPRISES THEY EVINCED ACTIVITY, SPIRIT, AND GENERAL usefulness. After their return to England, they were augmented to 125 men per troop. AT THIS PERIOD, THE WAR ON THE CONTINENT HAD INVOLVED MOST OF THE EUROPEAN STATES; AND THE EXTENDED AND ACTIVE OPERATIONS WHICH WERE TAKING PLACE IN GERMANY RENDERED IT NECESSARY FOR A BRITISH FORCE TO JOIN THE ALLIED ARMY UNDER PRINCE FERDINAND OF BRUNSWICK. THIS GAVE RISE TO A FURTHER AUGMENTATION OF THE ARMY; AND THE INCREASED ESTIMATION IN WHICH LIGHT CAVALRY WAS HELD INDUCED THE KING TO GIVE DIRECTIONS FOR THE RAISING OF entire Regiments of Light Dragoons, IN ADDITION TO THE FIVE REGIMENTS OF HORSE, THREE OF DRAGOON GUARDS, AND FOURTEEN OF DRAGOONS, ALREADY ON the British and Irish establishments. The following corps were accordingly embodied:— Light Dragoons. Incorporated in 1759. FIFTEENTH, in England, by Colonel George A. Eliott;—now the Fifteenth, or the King's Hussars. SIXTEENTH, in England, by Lieut.-Colonel John Burgoyne;—now the Sixteenth, or the Queen's Lancers. SEVENTEENTH, in Scotland, by Captain Lord Aberdour;—disbanded in 1763. EIGHTEENTH, in England, by Lieut.-Colonel John Hale;—now the Seventeenth Lancers. NINETEENTH, IN IRELAND, BY LIEUT.-COLONEL LORD DROGHEDA;—NUMBERED THE EIGHTEENTH IN 1763; CONSTITUTED HUSSARS IN 1807; AND AFTER PERFORMING MUCH VALUABLE SERVICE AT HOME AND ABROAD, IT WAS DISBANDED AT NEWBRIDGE, IN IRELAND, IN 1821. Incorporated in 1760. TWENTIETH, in Ireland, by Captain Sir James Caldwell;—disbanded in 1763. TWENTY-FIRST, OR ROYAL FORESTERS, IN ENGLAND BY LIEUT.-GENERAL THE MARQUIS OF GRANBY, AND COLONEL LORD ROBERT Sutton;—disbanded in 1763. AFTER THE PEACE OF FONTAINEBLEAU, THREE OF THESE CORPS WERE DISBANDED, AND THE OTHER FOUR CONTINUED IN THE SERVICE. THE [Pg xxiv] [Pg xxv] [Pg xxvi] [Pg xxvii] LIGHT TROOPS ATTACHED TO THE HEAVY REGIMENTS WERE ALSO DISBANDED, BUT A FEW MEN OF EACH TROOP WERE AFTERWARDS equipped as Light Dragoons. A MORE PERFECT KNOWLEDGE OF THE EFFICIENCY AND CAPABILITIES OF LIGHT CAVALRY, ACQUIRED DURING THE CAMPAIGNS IN GERMANY AND PORTUGAL, HAD ADVANCED THE ESTIMATION IN WHICH THAT ARM WAS HELD; AND, IN 1768, THE TWELFTH DRAGOONS (one of the heavy regiments raised by King George I. in 1715), underwent a change of equipment and clothing, and was constituted a corps of Light Dragoons, by General Carpenter, in Ireland. THIS ALTERATION SERVED AS A PRECEDENT FOR SUBSEQUENT CHANGES; AND FURTHER EXPERIENCE, DURING THE AMERICAN WAR, FROM 1775 TO 1783, CONFIRMING THE VALUE OF LIGHT CAVALRY, THE SEVENTH, EIGHTH, NINTH, TENTH, ELEVENTH, THIRTEENTH, AND FOURTEENTH REGIMENTS OF DRAGOONS WERE CHANGED FROM heavy to light. THE LIGHT DRAGOONS ATTACHED TO THE heavy regiments were incorporated into newly-raised corps, and the following regiments of Light Dragoons Were embodied in 1779. NINETEENTH,—by Major-General Russell Manners;—disbanded in 1783. TWENTIETH,—by Major-General Richard Burton Phillipson;—disbanded in 1783. TWENTY-FIRST,—by Major-General John Douglas; —disbanded in 1783. TWENTY-SECOND,—by Lieut.-Colonel John Lord Sheffield;—disbanded in 1783. Embodied in 1781. TWENTY-THIRD,—BY LIEUT.-GENERAL SIR JOHN BURGOYNE, BARONET, FOR SERVICE IN INDIA, AND WAS NUMBERED THE NINETEENTH AFTER THE PEACE IN 1783. THIS REGIMENT SIGNALIZED ITSELF ON NUMEROUS OCCASIONS IN INDIA, AND WAS REWARDED WITH THE HONOUR OF BEARING ON ITS GUIDONS AND APPOINTMENTS THE Elephant, WITH THE WORDS Assaye AND Seringapatam. THE WORD Niagara WAS ALSO ADDED IN COMMEMORATION OF THE GALLANTRY OF TWO TROOPS, IN THE YEAR 1813, IN NORTH America. In 1817 it was constituted a corps of LANCERS. It was disbanded in Ireland in 1821. THUS A FEW YEARS HAD PRODUCED A GREAT CHANGE IN THE BRITISH ARMY. TWENTY-FIVE YEARS PREVIOUSLY TO THE TERMINATION OF THE AMERICAN WAR THERE WAS NOT A SINGLE LIGHT DRAGOON REGIMENT IN THE SERVICE, AND IN 1783 THERE WERE SEVENTEEN; four of them were disbanded at that period, and thirteen retained in the Service. SOON AFTER THE TERMINATION OF THE AMERICAN WAR, THE FRENCH MONARCH HAVING, BY AIDING THE REBELLIOUS BRITISH PROVINCIALS, TAUGHT HIS OWN SUBJECTS A LESSON OF INSUBORDINATION, WAS DEPRIVED OF THE REINS OF GOVERNMENT; AND THE VIOLENT CONDUCT OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONISTS IN THE WEST INDIES OCCASIONED THE TWENTIETH OR JAMAICA REGIMENT OF LIGHT DRAGOONS TO BE RAISED IN 1791 BY COLONEL HENRY F. GARDNER, FOR SERVICE IN THAT ISLAND. BESIDES ITS SERVICES IN JAMAICA, DETACHMENTS OF THIS REGIMENT SERVED AT MALTA; SICILY; AT THE TAKING OF THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, IN 1806; AT THE CAPTURE OF ALEXANDRIA, IN 1807; AT THE ATTACK ON MONTE VIDEO; IN PORTUGAL; AT GENOA; AND ON THE EASTERN COAST OF SPAIN; AND ACQUIRED THE honour of bearing the word Peninsula on its guidons and appointments. It was disbanded in Ireland in 1818. WAR WITH FRANCE COMMENCED IN 1793, AND WAS FOLLOWED BY AUGMENTATIONS TO THE ARMY. IT WAS NOT FOUND NECESSARY TO add a single Heavy Cavalry Regiment; but the following Regiments of Light Dragoons Were incorporated in 1794. TWENTY-FIRST,—BY LIEUT.-COLONEL THOMAS R. BEAUMONT. THIS REGIMENT SERVED AT THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE AND IN INDIA THIRTEEN YEARS; A DETACHMENT WAS SENT TO DO DUTY AT ST. HELENA, WHEN NAPOLEON BUONAPARTE WAS REMOVED THITHER. This regiment was disbanded at Chatham in 1820. TWENTY-SECOND,—BY MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM VISCOUNT FIELDING;—SERVED IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND;—DISBANDED IN 1802. TWENTY-THIRD,—by Colonel William Fullerton;—served in Great Britain and Ireland;—disbanded in 1802. TWENTY-FOURTH,—by Colonel William Loftus;—served in Great Britain and Ireland;—disbanded in 1802. TWENTY-FIFTH,—BY MAJOR-GENERAL FRANCIS EDWARD GWYN. THIS REGIMENT WAS NUMBERED THE TWENTY-SECOND AFTER THE TREATY OF AMIENS IN 1802. IT SERVED WITH REPUTATION IN INDIA; WAS EMPLOYED AT THE REDUCTION OF JAVA; SIGNALIZED ITSELF ON SEVERAL OCCASIONS; AND WAS REWARDED WITH THE ROYAL AUTHORITY TO BEAR THE WORD Seringapatam ON ITS GUIDONS AND appointments. It was disbanded in England in 1820. Raised in 1795. TWENTY-SIXTH,—BY LIEUT.-GENERAL R. MANNERS;—NUMBERED THE TWENTY-THIRD IN 1803. THIS REGIMENT SERVED IN EGYPT, PORTUGAL, SPAIN, FLANDERS, AND FRANCE; AND ITS DISTINGUISHED CONDUCT WAS REWARDED WITH THE HONOUR OF BEARING [Pg xxviii] [Pg xxix] [Pg xxx] [Pg xxxi] ON ITS GUIDONS AND APPOINTMENTS, THE Sphinx, WITH THE WORDS Egypt, Peninsula, AND Waterloo. IN 1816 IT WAS constituted a corps of LANCERS. It was disbanded in England in 1817. TWENTY-SEVENTH,—BY MAJOR-GENERAL WYNTER BLATHWAYTE;—NUMBERED THE TWENTY-FOURTH IN 1804. THIS REGIMENT SERVED IN INDIA, DISTINGUISHED ITSELF AT THE BATTLES OF GHUR AND DELHI, AND WAS PERMITTED TO BEAR THE Elephant, WITH THE word Hindoostan, on its guidons and appointments. It was disbanded in England, on its arrival from Bengal, in 1819. TWENTY-EIGHTH,—BY MAJOR-GENERAL ROBERT LAWRIE;—SERVED IN GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND, AND AT THE CAPE OF GOOD Hope;—disbanded in Ireland in 1802. TWENTY-NINTH,—BY MAJOR-GENERAL FRANCIS AUGUSTUS LORD HEATHFIELD;—NUMBERED THE TWENTY-FIFTH IN 1804. THIS REGIMENT SERVED IN INDIA, AND WAS AT THE REDUCTION OF THE ISLE OF FRANCE. IT WAS DISBANDED AT CHATHAM, ON ITS ARRIVAL from India, in 1819. Raised in 1794. THIRTIETH,—by Lieut.-Colonel J. C. Carden;—disbanded in 1796. THIRTY-FIRST,—by Lieut.-Colonel William St. Ledger;—disbanded in 1796. THIRTY-SECOND,—by Lieut.-Colonel H. J. Blake;—disbanded in 1796. THIRTY-THIRD,—by Lieut.-Colonel J. Blackwood;—disbanded in 1796. Soon after the re-commencement of hostilities with France in 1803, the SEVENTH, TENTH, FIFTEENTH, AND EIGHTEENTH Light Dragoons were equipped as HUSSARS. SINCE THE TERMINATION OF THE WAR IN 1815, THE THIRD and FOURTH DRAGOONS HAVE BEEN CHANGED FROM heavy to light; THE NINTH, TWELFTH, SIXTEENTH, AND SEVENTEENTH LIGHT DRAGOONS HAVE been constituted LANCERS; and the EIGHTH and ELEVENTH Light Dragoons have also been equipped as HUSSARS. AT THIS PERIOD (1847), THE CAVALRY OF THE BRITISH ARMY CONSISTS OF TWENTY-SIX REGIMENTS—THIRTEEN HEAVY AND THIRTEEN LIGHT; AND IS COMPOSED OF THREE REGIMENTS OF CUIRASSIERS, TEN OF HEAVY DRAGOONS, FOUR OF LIGHT DRAGOONS, FIVE OF Hussars, and four of Lancers. THE THIRD, OR THE KING'S OWN REGIMENT OF LIGHT DRAGOONS, BEARS ON ITS APPOINTMENTS THE WHITE HORSE, ON A RED FIELD WITHIN THE GARTER, WITH THE MOTTO "NEC ASPERA TERRENT:" ALSO THE WORDS, "SALAMANCA"—"VITTORIA"—"TOULOUSE"—"PENINSULA," To commemorate its Gallant Conduct in Spain and France from 1811 to 1814; AND THE WORD "CABOOL, 1842," For its distinguished Services in Affghanistan in 1842. FOOTNOTES: Histoire de la Milice Françoise, par le Père Daniel. National Records. The equipment of Hussars at this period is described by D'Auvergne, in his History of the Campaign of 1694, pp. 22, 23. [Pg xxxii] [Pg xxxiii] [Pg xxxiv] [7] [8] [9] [Pg xxxv] CONTENTS. Year Page 1685 Formation of the Regiment 1 —— Styled the Queen Consort's Regiment 3 —— Names of Officers 5 —— Reviewed by King James II. on Hounslow Heath — 1688 The Revolution 6 1689 Proceeds to Ireland 7 —— Attacks the Enemy's out-posts at Ardee 8 1690 Storming of Bedloe's Castle 9 —— Battle of the Boyne 11 —— Investment of Waterford 12 —— Surrender of Youghal — —— Disperses the Rapparees—capture of Castle Martir 13 —— Siege of Limerick — 1691 Expedition to Streamstown 14 —— Battle of Aghrim — —— Siege of Galway 15 —— Surrender of Limerick 16 1692 Arrives in England 17 1694 Reviewed in Hyde Park by King William III. — —— Embarks for Flanders — 1695 Augmentation of establishment 18 —— Attack on the forts at Kenoque — —— Siege of Namur—Surrender of Dixmude 19 1696 Reviewed by King William III. 20 1697 Operations in Brabant 21 —— Returns to England — 1698 Reduction of establishment — 1702 Expedition to Cadiz under the Duke of Ormond 21 —— Attack on Vigo, and Capture of the Spanish fleet 22 1706 Forms part of an expedition under Earl Rivers, and proceeds to Spain 23 1707 Battle of Almanza 24 1708 Returns to England 25 1712 Reduction of establishment — 1713 Stationed in Scotland — 1714 Designated the King's Own Regiment — 1715 Battle of Sheriffmuir 26 1718 Reduction of establishment 28 1720 Establishment augmented — 1723 Augmentation of establishment — 1727 Establishment further augmented — 1729 Reduction of establishment — 1738 Augmentation of establishment — 1742 Reviewed by King George II. on Blackheath 29 [Pg xxxvi] [Pg xli] [Pg xlii] —— Proceeds to Flanders — 1743 Battle of Dettingen 31 1745 Battle of Fontenoy 35 —— Returns to England 36 —— Proceeds to Scotland — —— Engagement at Clifton Moor 37 1748 Reduction of establishment 39 1751 Clothing, Appointments, Guidons, &c. regulated by Royal Warrant — 1754 Employed on coast duty in the South of England 41 1756 A light troop added — 1758 The light troop forms part of the force for a descent on the coast of France — —— Capture of Cherbourg 43 1763 The light troop disbanded 44 1764 Marches to Scotland — 1765 Returns to England — 1766 The Drummers replaced by Trumpeters 44 1767 and 1768 Employed on coast duty in Kent, Sussex, Suffolk, and Essex — 1770 Proceeds to Scotland — 1771 Returns to England 45 1773 Employed on coast duty in Kent — 1775 Marches to Scotland — 1776 Stationed in South Britain — 1778 Employed on coast duty in Sussex — —— An additional trumpeter authorised 46 1781 Reviewed by King George III. in Hyde Park 47 1784 Proceeds to Scotland — 1785 Stationed in South Britain — 1789 Reviewed by King George III. at Reading — 1791 Marches to Scotland 48 1793 Augmentation of establishment — —— Four troops detached to Scotland — 1797 Reduction of establishment 49 1798 Alteration in the Arms and Clothing — 1800 Augmentation of establishment 50 —— Proceeds to Scotland — 1802 Reduction of establishment — —— Embarks for Ireland — 1805 —— for England 51 1806 Augmentation of establishment — 1807 Reviewed at Brighton by the Duke of York — 1809 Embarks for Holland 52 1810 Reviewed at Guildford by the Duke of Cambridge 53 1811 —— on Wimbledon Common by the Prince Regent — —— Embarks for the Peninsula 54 1812 Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo 55 Year Page [Pg xxxvii] —— —— Badajoz — —— Affair near La Granja 56 1812 Action at Llerena 57 —— Attack on the bridge of boats at Almaraz 58 —— Skirmish near Salamanca — —— —— on the heights of St. Christoval — —— —— near Castrillos 60 —— Battle of Salamanca 61 —— Siege of Burgos 65 —— Covers the mining party at Palencia 66 1813 Affair on the heights of Estepar 68 —— Battle of Vittoria 69 1814 Advance on Bayonne 71 —— Affair of La Mosquiere — —— Battle of Toulouse 72 —— Furnishes horses to mount the royal guard of France 73 —— Returns to England 74 —— Reviewed on Hounslow Heath by the Duke of York, Commander-in-Chief — —— Reduction of establishment 75 —— Authorised to bear the word "SALAMANCA" — 1815 Embarks for Ostend 76 —— Reinforces the Army in France — —— Reviewed by the Emperor of Russia, King of Prussia, and the Duke of Wellington — 1816 Forms part of the Army of Occupation — —— Reviewed by the Duke of Kent, and the Duke of Wellington 77 1818 Returns to England — —— Reduction of establishment — —— Constituted Light Dragoons — —— Attends the funeral of Queen Charlotte 78 —— Proceeds to Ireland — 1820 Reviewed for the first time as a Light Dragoon Regiment — 1821 Escorts King George IV. on his entry into Dublin 79 —— Reviewed by His Majesty — —— Furnishes the guard of honour on the embarkation of the King for England — —— Authorised to bear the words "VITTORIA" and "TOULOUSE" 80 1822 Returns to England 81 1823 Reviewed by the Duke of York — 1824 Again reviewed by his Royal Highness the Commander-in-Chief 82 1825 Receives testimonials for its conduct in aiding the Civil Power at Sunderland 83 1826 Proceeds to Ireland 84 1829 Returns to England 85 1830 Establishment of horses augmented 87 1831 Proceeds to Scotland — 1833 Returns to England — 1834 Proceeds to Hounslow — 1835 Embarks for Ireland — 1837 Returns to England 88 Year Page [Pg xxxviii] [Pg xxxix] —— Embarks for the East Indies — 1842 Expedition to Affghanistan 89 —— Storming of the heights of Jugdulluck 90 —— Action at Tezeen 91 —— Arrives at Cabool, and plants the British colours in the Bala Hissar 93 —— Capture of Istalif 94 —— Authorised to bear the word "CABOOL" 95 —— Returns to India — 1845 Forms part of the Army of the Sutlej — —— Battle of Moodkee 96 —— —— Ferozeshah 98 1846 —— Aliwal 100 —— —— Sobraon 101 1846 Occupation of Lahore 105 —— Returns to India — —— The Conclusion 107 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 1685 Duke of Somerset 109 1687 Alexander Cannon 110 1688 Richard Leveson — 1694 Thomas Lord Fairfax 111 1695 William Lloyd — 1703 George Carpenter 112 1732 Philip Honeywood 114 1743 Humphrey Bland — 1752 James Lord Tyrawley 115 1755 Earl of Albemarle 116 1772 Charles Lord Southampton 117 1797 Francis Lascelles — 1799 Sir Charles Grey 118 1807 William Cartwright 119 1821 Viscount Combermere 120 1829 Lord George Beresford — 1839 Lord Charles Somerset Manners 121 PLATES. Costume of the Regiment to face 1 Battle of Sobraon " 106 Year Page [Pg xl]