Historical Dictionary of Fantasy Literature Brian Stableford The Scarecrow Press HISTORICALDICTIONARIES OF LITERATURE AND THE ARTS Jon Woronoff, Series Editor Science Fiction Literature,by Brian Stableford, 2004. Horror Literature,by John Clute, 2005. American Radio Soap Operas,by Jim Cox, 2005. Japanese Traditional Theatre,by Samuel L. Leiter, 2005. Fantasy Literature,by Brian Stableford, 2005. Historical Dictionary of Fantasy Literature Brian Stableford Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts, No. 5 The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham, Maryland • Toronto • Oxford 2005 SCARECROWPRESS,INC. Published in the United States of America by Scarecrow Press, Inc. Awholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.scarecrowpress.com PO Box 317 Oxford OX2 9RU, UK Copyright ©2005 by Brian Stableford All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Stableford, Brian M. Historical dictionary of fantasy literature / Brian Stableford. p. cm. — (Historical dictionaries of literature and the arts ; no. 5) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8108-4944-5 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Fantasy fiction—Dictionaries. 2. Fantasy fiction—Bio-bibliography. I. Title. II. Series. PN3435.S82 2005 809'.915—dc22 2005000099 ∞™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Manufactured in the United States of America. Contents Editor’s Foreword (Jon Woronoff) vii Acknowledgments ix Acronyms and Abbreviations xi Chronology xiii Introduction xxxv THE DICTIONARY 1 Bibliography 449 About the Author 499 v Foreword This latest addition to the series of Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts is fairly large—and it has to be. For fantasy literature, while rather young in terms of scholarly classification, is as old as they come in reality. Myths and folktales, fairy tales and fables were around even before there was much of a written literature, and once put on paper this category just kept growing, and growing, and growing. Over the centuries it has reached in all possible directions, backward into the mythical past, forward into science fiction, and sideways into all sorts of parallel worlds. Works can portray hate and war or love and romance; they can solve all our pressing problems or leave most unsolved; they can be cautionary and didactic or humorous and, yes, fantastic. They can and do reflect the situation in all cultures and civilizations the world has ever seen, plus many it is never likely to see. Thus, even the most concise compilation must cover a lot of ground, given the vast numbers of books and shorter works, authors, illus- trators, and publishers, and of types, and categories. Fortunately, any presentation of fantasy literature is facilitated by the form adopted by this and other books in the series, since it can focus on many significant individual features in the dictionary section, which in- cludes entries on literally hundreds of authors, dozens of types and cate- gories, a broad array of standard themes and stock characters (many of which are periodically recycled), and the situation in different countries and cultures. The history of fantasy literature is traced in the chronology. The introduction, which might best be read after perusing some of the en- tries, explains the phenomenal, if almost inevitable, growth of the field and its increasingly complex categorization—this in scholarly terms but quite accessibly to ordinary readers. For those who want to know more, the bib- liography provides a wide range of further reading resources. This Historical Dictionary of Fantasy Literature was written by Brian Stableford, who is presently lecturer in creative writing in the School of Cultural Studies, University College Winchester, where he teaches creative vii viii • FOREWORD writing and writing for children. He has also taught at other universities in the past, but the bulk of his time was devoted to writing, and more specifi- cally, writing of fantasy literature, with some predilection for science fic- tion. He has produced several dozen novels and other works of fiction while also translating and editing books in the same field. Dr. Stableford has also contributed to a number of reference works, before publishing the Histori- cal Dictionary of Science Fiction Literature,the first volume in this series. Such a combination of scholarly knowledge and hands-on writing experi- ence is hard to find, and the advantages will quickly become evident. Jon Woronoff Series Editor Acknowledgments I would like to thank the following people: Neil Barron, for commission- ing the work on his library guide to fantasy literature, which enabled me to lay the groundwork for my studies in the history of fantasy; Farah Mendle- sohn, whose correspondence relating to the taxonomic system she devel- oped was very helpful; John Clute, who generously provided information regarding the entry list of his Historical Dictionary of Horror Literature; and Faren Miller, who kindly read and commented on the typescript in ad- vance of its submission. ix