HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES OF LITERATURE AND THE ARTS Jon Woronoff, Series Editor 1. Science Fiction Literature, by Brian Stableford, 2004. 2. Hong Kong Cinema, by Lisa Odham Stokes, 2007. 3. American Radio Soap Operas, by Jim Cox, 2005. 4. Japanese Traditional Theatre, by Samuel L. Leiter, 2006. 5. Fantasy Literature, by Brian Stableford, 2005. 6. Australian and New Zealand Cinema, by Albert Moran and Errol Vieth, 2006. 7. African-American Television, by Kathleen Fearn-Banks, 2006. 8. Lesbian Literature, by Meredith Miller, 2006. 9. Scandinavian Literature and Theater, by Jan Sjavik, 2006. 10. British Radio, by Sean Street, 2006. 11. German Theater, by William Grange, 2006. 12. African American Cinema, by S. Torriano Berry and Venise Berry, 2006. 13. Sacred Music, by Joseph P. Swain, 2006. 14. Russian Theater, by Laurence Senelick, 2007. 15. French Cinema, by Dayna Oscherwitz and MaryEllen Higgins, 2007. 16. Postmodernist Literature and Theater, by Fran Mason, 2007. 17. Irish Cinema, by Roderick Flynn and Pat Brereton, 2007. 18. Australian Radio and Television, by Albert Moran and Chris Keating, 2007. 19. Polish Cinema, by Marek Haltof, 2007. 20. Old Time Radio, by Robert C. Reinehr and Jon D. Swartz, 2008. 21. Renaissance Art, by Lilian H. Zirpolo, 2008. 22. Broadway Musical, by William A. Everett and Paul R. Laird, 2008. 23. American Theater: Modernism, by James Fisher and Felicia Hardison Londre, 2008. 24. German Cinema, by Robert C. Reimer and Carol J. Reimer, 2008. 25. Horror Cinema, by Peter Hutchings, 2008. 26. Westerns in Cinema, by Paul Varner, 2008. 27. Chinese Theater, by Tan Ye, 2008. 28. Italian Cinema, by Gino Molitemo, 2008. 29. Architecture, by Allison Lee Palmer, 2008. 30. Russian and Soviet Cinema, by Peter Rollberg, 2008. 31. African American Theater, by Anthony D. Hill, 2009. 32. Postwar German Literature, by William Grange, 2009. 33. Modern Japanese Literature and Theater, by J. Scott Miller, 2009. 34. Animation and Cartoons, by Nichola Dobson, 2009. 35. Modern Chinese Literature, by Li-hua Ying, 2010. 36. Middle Eastern Cinema, by Terri Ginsberg and Chris Lippard, 2010. 37. Spanish Cinema, by Alberto Mira, 2010. 38. Film Nair, by Andrew Spicer, 2010. 39. French Theater, by Edward Forman, 2010. 40. Choral Music, by Melvin P. Unger, 2010. 41. Westerns in Literature, by Paul Varner, 2010. 42. Baroque Art and Architecture, by Lilian H. Zirpolo, 2010. Historical Dictionary of Baroque Art and Architecture Lilian H. Zirpolo Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts, No. 42 The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham • Toronto • Plymouth, UK 2010 Published by Scarecrow Press, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 http://www .scarecrowpress.com Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom Copyright© 2010 by Lilian H. Zirpolo All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Zirpolo, Lilian H. Historical dictionary of Baroque art and architecture I Lilian H. Zirpolo. p. em. - (Historical dictionaries of literature and the arts ; no. 42) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-8108-6155-8 (cloth: alk. paper) - ISBN 978-0-8108-7494-7 (ebook) I. Art, Baroque-Dictionaries. 2. Architecture, Baroque-Dictionaries. I. Title. N6415.B3Z57 2010 709'.03203-dc22 2010010124 fN\..TM ~ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSIINISO Z39 .48-1992. Printed in the United States of America For my mother, in memoriam. Contents Editor's Foreword ix Preface xi Chronology xiii Introduction 1 THE DICTIONARY 45 Bibliography 549 About the Author 585 vii Editor's Foreword Great art is partly in the eye of the beholder, but it is also subject to the vagaries of fashion. This has been the case for Baroque art, which has pe riodically fallen in and out of favor. It is presently gaining ground, which is not surprising, because at its best it can be vibrant, dramatic, and powerful. There is also nothing quite as striking as Baroque architecture. Thus it is also not surprising that even the uninitiated are familiar with the names (and often the most notable works) of Bernini, Caravaggio, and the Car racci in Italy; Rembrandt, Rubens, Vermeer, and Hals in Holland; Poussin and Mansart in France; Velazquez in Spain; and Wren in England-just to mention some of the outstanding artists and architects of the late 16th, 17th, and early 18th centuries. Not only are their works highly appreciated, but crowds flock to exhibits and undertake journeys to see them. What gets lost in the shuffle is Baroque art's origins, which is perhaps for the best considering the cruel and brutal wars during the period. This historical dictionary provides the biographical information for the momentous events that shaped the lives and works of artists of the period, as well as the ideologies that suffused their activities. The bulk of the entries deal with specific people; others refer both to the patrons without whose support and wealth much of the art would never have been created and to events that shaped the times. A chronology, introduction, and bib liography are also included. Lilian H. Zirpolo should already be familiar to readers of this series as the author of the Historical Dictionary of Renaissance Art. Dr. Zirpolo specialized in early modem Italian and Spanish art, although she is famil iar with other genres. Over the years, she has published in periodicals such as the Seventeenth Century Journal, the Gazette des Beaux-Arts, and Ar chitectura, and is the copublisher of Aurora, the Journal of the History of Art. Her 2005 book, Ave Papa/Ave Papabile: The Sacchetti Family, Their ix