Historic Documents of 2021 Sara Miller McCune founded SAGE Publishing in 1965 to support the dissemination of usable knowledge and educate a global community. SAGE publishes more than 1000 journals and over 600 new books each year, spanning a wide range of subject areas. Our growing selection of library products includes archives, data, case studies and video. SAGE remains majority owned by our founder and after her lifetime will become owned by a charitable trust that secures the company’s continued independence. Los Angeles | London | New Delhi | Singapore | Washington DC | Melbourne Historic Documents of 2021 Heather Kerrigan, Editor River Horse Communications, LLC FOR INFORMATION: Copyright © 2022 by CQ Press an Imprint of SAGE Publications, Inc. CQ Press is a registered trademark of Congressional Quarterly Inc. CQ Press An Imprint of SAGE Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted by 2455 Teller Road U.S. copyright law, no part of this work may be Thousand Oaks, California 91320 reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, E-mail: [email protected] without permission in writing from the publisher. SAGE Publications Ltd. All third-party trademarks referenced or depicted 1 Oliver’s Yard herein are included solely for the purpose of illustration and are the property of their respective 55 City Road owners. Reference to these trademarks in no way London EC1Y 1SP indicates any relationship with, or endorsement by, United Kingdom the trademark owner. ISBN: 9781071853382 SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 India Printed in the United States of America SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. 18 Cross Street #10-10/11/12 China Square Central Singapore 048423 Acquisitions Editor: Laura Notton Editorial Assistant: Elizabeth Hernandez Contributors: Linda Fecteau Grimm Melissa Feinberg Sarah Gall Robert William Howard Megan Howes This book is printed on acid-free paper. Heather Kerrigan James Koch Lynda Schrecengost Production Editor: Astha Jaiswal Copy Editor: Deanna Noga Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd. Proofreader: Larry Baker Cover Designer: Candice Harman Marketing Manager: Brianna Griffith 22 23 24 25 26 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents thematic table of contents xix list of document sources xxiii how to use this book xxxvii Historic Documents of 2021 Introduction xxxix JANUARY Democrats Celebrate Two Georgia Senate Wins 5 A statement from the Democratic National Committee on January 6, 2021, on the election of Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock; and press releases from the offices of Senator Warnock and Senator Ossoff after being sworn in on January 20, 2021. Federal Officials Respond to Election Certification and Capitol Riot 12 A January 6, 2021, statement from Vice President Mike Pence rejecting the assertion that he had the power to overturn the election results; speeches delivered on the floor of the Senate on January 6, 2021, by Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, Sen. James Lankford, R-Okla., and Pence; the text of President Donald Trump’s remarks on January 7, 2021, in response to the insurrection at the Capitol; the January 7, 2021, letter from Education Secretary Betsy DeVos, resigning her position; a tweet from Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao on January 7, 2021, announcing her resignation; and Trump’s statement on January 8, 2021, after his Twitter account was permanently suspended. Continued Global Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic 30 Remarks by World Health Organization (WHO) director-general Tedros Ghebreyesus on January 11, 2021, marking the one-year anniversary of the COVID-19 pandemic’s first fatality; remarks by v vi C ONTENTS U.S. president Joseph R. Biden on January 21, 2021, during which he presented a national strategy for combatting COVID-19; a press release issued by the COVAX Facility on February 24, 2021, announcing its first shipment of vaccine doses outside of India; Biden’s remarks on March 10, 2021, announcing a partnership between Johnson & Johnson and Merck to speed vaccine production; a statement issued by the WHO on March 17, 2021, about AstraZeneca vaccine side effects; a press release from COVAX on April 8, 2021, about vaccine distribution progress; Biden’s remarks on June 10, 2021, announcing a U.S. donation of vaccine doses to low-income countries; and a press release issued by UNICEF on June 13, 2021, reacting to the G7 pledge to share vaccine doses. President Trump Impeached a Second Time 48 The text of a press release from Rep. Liz Cheney, R-Wyo., on January 12, 2021, announcing her intent to vote in favor of impeachment; two floor speeches delivered on January 13, 2021, by Rep. Jim McGovern, D-Mass., and House minority leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., on the articles of impeachment under consideration before the House; the text of the House resolution impeaching former president Donald Trump, as received in the Senate on January 25, 2021; floor statements delivered on February 13, 2021, by Senate minority leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine, and Senate majority leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., after the vote acquitting Trump; and a February 13, 2021, statement from President Joseph R. Biden regarding the vote in the Senate to acquit Trump. Global Response to Political Situation in Uganda, Niger, and Tanzania 62 A statement issued by United Nations secretary-general António Guterres on January 13, 2021, raising concerns ahead of the Ugandan election; a statement by U.S. ambassador to Uganda Natalie Brown on January 13, 2021, announcing the cancellation of the U.S. observer mission to Uganda; the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) preliminary report on the Niger election, issued February 23, 2021; a press release issued by the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights on April 13, 2021, expressing concerns about alleged human rights abuses in Uganda; and remarks by Guterres on April 16, 2021, during a UN General Assembly tribute to the late Tanzanian president John Magufuli. Indictments Issued in Flint Water Crisis Case 73 A press release from the Michigan attorney general’s office on January 14, 2021, announcing the indictments related to the Flint water crisis; and the text of the grand jury indictments issued on January 14, 2021, against former Michigan governor Rick Snyder. CONTENTS vii Trump Gives Farewell Address; Biden Sworn in as President of the United States 80 The text of President Donald Trump’s farewell address, delivered on January 19, 2021; and the text of Joseph R. Biden’s inaugural address, given on January 20, 2021, after being sworn in as president. Biden Administration Reaffirms Commitment to Addressing Southern Border Crisis 93 The text of Proclamation 10142, issued by President Joseph R. Biden on January 20, 2021, ending the emergency at the southern border and redirecting funding for the border wall; Executive Order 14010, signed by Biden on February 2, 2021, that would create a framework to address and manage migration through North and Central America; the U.S.–Mexico Joint Declaration of March 1, 2021; a White House fact sheet published on April 26, 2021, outlining additional humanitarian assistance for Central America; a readout of a bilateral meeting between Biden and Mexican president Andrés Manuel López Obrador on June 8, 2021; and a press release issued by the U.S. State Department on June 10, 2021, announcing additional aid for Central American countries. Senators Remark on Power-Sharing Agreement and Filibuster 108 The text of a floor speech delivered by Senate minority leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., on January 26, 2021, on the need to maintain the filibuster; and the text of a floor speech delivered by Senate majority leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., on February 3, 2021, announcing that a deal on a power-sharing agreement had been reached; and the text of the power-sharing agreement, S. Res. 27, passed by unanimous consent on February 3, 2021. FEBRUARY Global Leaders Respond to Coup in Myanmar 119 A statement by U.S. president Joseph R. Biden on February 1, 2021, regarding the coup in Myanmar; a statement from the European Council on February 2, 2021, condemning the coup; an announcement by the Tatmadaw on February 26, 2021, that the Committee Representing the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and similar committees are illegal; a presidential statement adopted by the UN Security Council on March 10, 2021, condemning the military takeover; the text of the Committee Representing the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw’s Federal Democracy Charter—Part I, released on March 31, 2021; and ASEAN’s announcement on April 24, 2021, of the Five-Point Consensus with Myanmar. viii C ONTENTS U.S. and Russian Officials Comment on Evolving Russia Relationship 137 A statement issued by U.S. secretary of state Antony Blinken on February 3, 2021, announcing the five-year extension of the New START Treaty; a statement issued by Blinken on March 2, 2021, about the imposition of sanctions on Russia in response to the attempted assassination of Aleksey Navalny; a joint statement released by U.S. and Russian officials on June 16, 2021, about agreements reached during the U.S.–Russia summit in Geneva; and remarks by U.S. president Joseph R. Biden and Russian president Vladimir Putin, respectively, during separate, post-summit news conferences on June 16, 2021. Space Agencies Provide Update on Mars Missions 153 An article published by state-run Emirates News Agency on February 9, 2021, about the United Arab Emirates’ Hope probe arriving at Mars; a press release issued by NASA on February 18, 2021, announcing Perseverance’s landing on Mars; and a press release from the China National Space Administration on May 17, 2021, marking the Zhurong rover’s landing. U.S. and Saudi Governments Respond to Report on Khashoggi Killing 162 The declassified text of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence’s (DNI) assessment of the Saudi government’s role in Jamal Khashoggi’s killing, as released on February 11, 2021; the statement tweeted by the Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs on February 26, 2021, in response to the DNI report; and a statement from U.S. secretary of state Antony Blinken on February 26, 2021, in which he describes the “Khashoggi Ban.” MARCH The American Rescue Plan Act Is Passed 171 Statements by Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., and Senate minority leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., on March 6, 2021, responding to the Senate’s passage of the American Rescue Plan Act; comments made by President Joseph R. Biden on March 11, 2021, on signing the American Rescue Plan Act; a summary of the American Rescue Plan Act, which became law on March 11, 2021; and additional remarks made by the president on March 12, 2021, on the COVID-19 relief package. Iowa, Georgia, and Texas Pass New Voting Laws 194 A March 8, 2021, statement by Iowa governor Kim Reynolds on signing new voting legislation; portions of the Georgia voting law signed on CONTENTS ix March 25, 2021; President Joseph R. Biden’s response to the voting law in Georgia on March 26, 2021; a summary of Senate File 413, the election legislation signed by Reynolds, released on July 1, 2021; and a summary of Texas Senate Bill 1, which took effect on December 2, 2021. APRIL Nations Respond to Violence in Ethiopia’s Tigray Region 215 A statement issued by the G7 foreign ministers on April 2, 2021, in response to the Tigray conflict; U.S. secretary of state Antony Blinken’s announcement on May 23, 2021, of visa and other restrictions against those involved in the conflict, and the Ethiopian Foreign Ministry’s response to those restrictions on May 24, 2021; the African Union’s June 16, 2021, announcement of the formation of a human rights inquiry commission; a resolution adopted by the UN Human Rights Council on July 13, 2021, condemning the violence and human rights violations in Ethiopia; and a press release issued by the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights on November 3, 2021, detailing the findings of a joint investigation into human rights abuses in Tigray. Biden Administration Unveils Actions Aimed at Curbing Gun Violence 228 The text of a speech delivered by President Joseph R. Biden on April 8, 2021, announcing multiple executive actions aimed at addressing gun violence; two press releases from the Department of Justice, on June 22 and July 22, 2021, discussing the department’s new firearms trafficking strike forces; and the introduction to the Department of Justice’s August 18, 2021, statement of interest in the case of St. Louis v. Missouri, outlining concerns with a new Missouri gun law and requesting an injunction. Brazilian Senate Impanels COVID-19 Inquiry Commission Amid Government Shakeup 241 A press release issued by the Brazilian Senate on April 13, 2021, announcing establishment of the COVID-19 Parliamentary Investigation Committee. Tensions Escalate Between Ukraine and Russia 245 A statement from North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) secretary general Jens Stoltenberg and Ukraine foreign minister Dmytro Kuleba delivered on April 13, 2021, regarding the security situation in Ukraine; an April 15, 2021, statement from Russian foreign ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova regarding ongoing tension